Brno University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication (Department of Microelectronics) Institute of Forensic Engineering Technická 3058/10, Královo Pole, 61600, Brno, Czech Republic
Abstract: In this paper, a novel low-voltage ultra-low-power class AB current conveyor of the second generation based on folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier OTA with floating-gate differential pairs is presented. The main features of the proposed conveyor are design simplicity and rail-to-rail input voltage range at a low supply voltage of ±0.5 V. The proposed conveyor has a reduced power consumption of only 10 μW. Due to these features, the proposed conveyor could be successfully employed in a wide range of low-voltage low-power analog signal processing applications. PSpice simulation results using the 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC are included to prove the results. As an example of application, a current-mode quadrature oscillator is designed and its functionality is proved by simulation.
Abstract: In this paper, novel low-voltage ultra-low-power differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) based on folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier OTA with only one differential pairs floating-gate MOS transistor (FG-MOST) is presented. The main features of the proposed conveyor are design simplicity; rail-to-rail input voltage swing capability at a low supply voltage of +-0.5 V and ultra-low-power consumption of mere 10 uW. Thanks to these features, the proposed circuit could be successfully employed in a wide range of low-voltage ultra-low-power analog signal processing applications. Implementation of new multifunction frequency filter based on the proposed FG-DVCC is presented in this paper to take the advantages of the properties of the proposed circuit. PSpice simulation results using 0.18 um CMOS technology are included as well to validate the functionality of the proposed circuit.
Abstract: This paper presents possible approaches to the design of a novel low-voltage low-power high- precision current conveyor of the second generation, CCII, based on bulk-driven folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier OTA with extended input common-mode voltage range. This CCII utilizes bulk-driven differential pairs to obtain a nearly rail-to-rail input stage at a low supply voltage. The proposed conveyor operates at a low supply voltage of +-400 mV with a reduced power consumption of only 64 uW. A current-mode multifunction filter is presented as an application of the CCII. This filter provides five transfer functions simultaneously, namely low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch, and all-pass. The filter has the following properties and advantages: it employs three bulk-driven current conveyors BD-CCII, three grounded resistors, and two grounded capacitors, which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation. Furthermore, the input signal is connected to the low-impedance X terminal of the BD-CCII whereas the output signals are taken from the high-impedance output terminals Z+ and Z-. Finally, the pole frequency and quality factor of the designed filter are tunable independently of each other. PSpice simulation results using the 0.18 um CMOS technology are included to prove the results.
Abstract: Bulk-driven technique has been verified to be a promising candidate in the area of low-voltage low-power techniques. In this paper, class AB current conveyor utilizing bulk-driven technique has been proposed. The proposed circuit was implemented based on CMOS technology to put a step forward in the field of low-voltage low-power applications; the non-ideal model of current conveyor has been explained. The circuit has been simulated at +-0.4 V supply voltage and total power dissipation 27.8 uW. The simulation results have been included to prove the theoretical consideration.
Abstract: Traffic problem appeared in the world at the end of the eighteenth century due to emergence of transportation. It largely increased with increasing of population, number of vehicles and economic activities. Due to the fact that traffic accidents cause vast damages to the economy and community, it has been considered as the biggest problem facing countries all around the world; including the developed and developing ones. Traffic accident statistics received considerable attention in order to be used to improve the traffic safety for reducing traffic accidents or at least decreasing their risks. The most important benefits expected from these traffic accident statistics can be summarized as follows: Identification of most frequent types of accidents in order to determine the reasons and try to avoid their recurrence. Determination of economic cost of accidents. Development of emergency services in hospitals, according to the accidents rate. Evaluation of performance and productivity of the traffic policemen. In this paper, traffic accident statistics of countries from European Union, Middle East and East Asia; namely Czech Republic, Lebanon and Japan is presented. A comparison between those countries in terms of traffic accident statistics, traffic rules, etc. is stated. An example of a possible solution for traffic accidents is also reported.
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