Medical Laboratories, Section of Biochemistry-Clinical Chemistry, Technological Education Institute of Larissa, Greece
papaioannou@teilar.gr
Agelos B. Papaioannou Associate Professor
Technological Education Institute of Larissa, Department of Medical Laboratories, Section of Biochemistry – Clinical Chemistry, 41110 Larissa, Greece. E-mail: papaioannou@teilar.gr Phone number: (+30)2410684448
Education: -1994: University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, PhD Thesis: “Synthesis and Study of V (III), (IV) and (V) Compounds with Amide and Macrocyclic Ligands”. -1989: Graduate in Chemistry by the University of Ioannina.
Employment / Occupation: -2009: Associate Professor, Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Education Institute of Larissa, Greece. -Associate Researcher of the Research Laboratory entitled: "Assessment Policies and Programs”. Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Greece. -Associate Researcher at the Section of Biochemistry - Biotechnology, Center of Technological Research of Thessaly. -2003: Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Education Institute of Larissa, Greece. -1997: Biochemist, Biochemistry Department, General Hospital of Drama, Greece. -1995: Head of Chemistry Section, IRIS S.A. (Fabric Dyeing Company), Greece.
Research Fields: -Biochemistry – Clinical Chemistry -Molecular Biology -Environment Quality and Health (a. Quality of Soil, b. Quality of Air and c. Quality of Water), in the Context of Public Health.
Coordinator of Research Projects co-funded by the European Social Fund - National Resources – EPEAEK II (ARCHIMEDES II) and Public Health Research Projects co-funded by the European Social Fund - National Resources. Co-Investigator in Research Projects co-funded by the European Social Fund - National Resources.
Abstract: Various chemometric methods were used to analyze and model potable water quality data. Twenty water quality parameters were measured at 164 different sites in three representative areas (low land, semi-mountainous, and coastal) of the Thessaly region (Greece), for a three months period (September to November 2006). Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) grouped the 164 sample sites into two clusters (CA-group 1 and CA-group 2) based on the similarities of potable water quality characteristics. Discriminant analysis was assigned about 94.5% of the cases grouped by CA. Factor analysis (FA) was standardized log-transformed data sets to examine the differences between the above clusters and identify their latent factors. For each of the above two clusters (CA-group 1 and CA-group 2), FA yielded six latent factors that explain 68.7% and 73.4% of the total variance, respectively. FA was also identified the latent factors that characterize each cluster. The identification was obtained, using (a) descriptive statistics, (b) t-test for equality of cluster means, (c) box plot, (d) error bar, (e) factors score plots, (f) matrix scatter score means plot and (g) scatter plot of the six significant latent factors from the factor set of all samples group. The classification scheme obtained through cluster analysis was confirmed by discriminant analysis and explained by principal component analysis.
Abstract: Three representative areas (lowland, semi-mountainous, and coastal) have been selected for the collection of drinking water samples, and a total number of 28 physical, chemical, and biological parameters per water sample have been determined and analyzed. The mean values of the physical and chemical parameters were found to be within the limits mentioned in the 98/83/EEC directive. The analysis of biological parameters shows that many of the water samples are inadequate for human consumption because of the presence of bacteria. Cluster analysis (CA) first was used to classify sample sites with similar properties and results in three groups of sites; discriminant analysis (DA) was used to construct the best discriminant functions to confirm the clusters determined by CA and evaluate the spatial variations in water quality. The standard mode discriminant functions, using 17 parameters, yielded classification matrix correctly assigning 96.97% of the cases. In the stepwise mode, the DA produced a classification matrix with 96.36% correct assignments using only ten parameters (EC, Clâââ, NO3 âââ, HCO3 âââ, CO3 âââ2, Caâ+â2, Naâ+â, Zn, Mn, and Pb). CA and factor analysis (FA) are used to characterize water quality and assist in water quality monitoring planning. CA proved that two major groups of similarity (six subclusters) between 17 physicochemical parameters are formed, and FA extracts six factors that account for 66.478% of the total water quality variation, when all samplesâ physicochemical data set is considered. It is noteworthy that the classification scheme obtained by CA is completely confirmed by principal component analysis.
Abstract: The goal of this work is the analysis of air quality levels in the area of Volos, a city of average size on the eastern seaboard of Central Greece. For this purpose, concentration measurements of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and nitrogen dioxide, for a 4-year period (2001â2004) are analyzed. Air pollution data were obtained by a monitoring station, fully automated, which was established by the Hellenic Ministry of the Environment, Physical Planning, and Public Works, in order to measure air pollution levels in Volos, a medium-sized city, which faces the effects of industrialization. The main conclusions from the statistical analysis of the 4-year measurements of hourly SO2, NO2, and NO concentrations in the city of Volos, showed that the mean seasonal variation of the examined air pollutant concentration presents a minimum during the warm period of the year and a maximum during the cold period. Although the local geomorphology and meteorology encourage particularly the accumulation of air pollutants, the analysis shows that the SO2 and NO2 concentration levels remain lower than corresponding thresholds for human health protection set by the European Union, in this urban measuring site, during the examined period. The application of harmonic analysis revealed the difference between the annual variation of the SO2 and NO x concentrations. Regarding NO x , the variation is mainly due to the first harmonic term (anthropogenic factor), while the SO2 variation is interpreted by the two harmonic terms, which represent the anthropogenic and meteorological factors, respectively.
Abstract: The analyses of 18 biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, cholesterol, chloride, creatinine, iron, glucose, γ- glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, total protein, triglycerides, uric acid, and urea nitrogen) were performed for 166 healthy individuals and 108 patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF). The application of cluster analysis proved that there were points of similarity among all 18 biochemical parameters that formed major groups; these groups corresponded to the authorsâ assumption of the existence of several overall patterns of biochemical parameters that may be termed âenzyme-specificâ; âgeneral health indicatorâ; âmajor component excretionâ; âblood-specific indicatorâ; and âprotein-specificâ. These patterns also appear in the subsets of males and females that were obtained by separation of the general dataset. In addition, the performance of factor analysis similarly proved the validity of this assumption. This projection and modelling method indicated the existence of seven latent factors, which explained 70.05% of the total variance in the system for healthy individuals and more than 72% of the total variance in the system for patients with ESRF. All these results support the probability that a general health indicator could be constructed by taking into account the existing classification groups in the list of biochemical parameters.
Abstract: This study deals with the examination of quality of seawater bathing areas in Greece over a 10-year period and identifies risk factors for high bacteria indicator organism concentrations. Qualitative descriptive analysis was applied and the microbiological test results of 231,205 water samples were associated with pollution markers and other parameters. Measurements of Escherichia coli (99.6%) and enterococci (100%) were found to be in accordance with the mandatory value guidelines set by the new European Directive. An increasing trend for the yearly mean value of faecal streptococci was noted. Using logistic regression analysis, phenolic smell (OR = 2.10, CI = 2.04-2.16), rainfall the day before sampling (OR = 1.67, CI = 1.64-1.74), high seas (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.39-1.46) and rainfall on the day of sampling (OR = 1.27, CI = 1.20-1.33) were positively independently associated with high levels of bacterial indicators (total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and E. coli). The highest risk, absolute risk value 42.8% (RR = 3.17, CI = 2.97-3.38), was measured when previous day rainfall, phenolic smell and high seas were simultaneously recorded. Such parameters should be further investigated as predetermining factors for the assessment of beach bathing water quality, providing a timely indication of water risk assessment.
Abstract: In this study, the distribution patterns of physical (sand%, loam%, clay%, pH and organic matterâ°) and chemical (calcium carbonate (CaCO3), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg+2), phosphorus (P), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn)) parameters of soil com-monly assayed in analytical chemistry laboratories, are reported. Three representative areas (lowland (LL), semi-mountainous (SM), and coastal (C)) and 170 sample sites were selected, 510 soil samples were collected and ana-lyzed for a 3-years period (2002-2004), in the prefecture of Larissa, Thessaly, central Greece.
In each studied site, the kind of cultivation is also re-ported. Soils in LL area of the prefecture of Larissa were found to be rich in organic matter, Mg, B, but poor in Fe, Mn and Zn, when compared to the other two sites. The studied SM area of Larissaâs prefecture constituted from clayey soils showed big concentrations of Mg, Zn, high value of clay and low value of sand, when compared to the other two studied areas. The studied C area is characterized by the sandy soils near the coastal areas of the prefecture of Larissa. In each studied area, the parameters are principally separated into two main clusters, each of them divided additionally into sub-clusters with slight differences. Six latent factors explain 78.1%, 74.3%, and 74.6% of the total variance of the LL-site, SM-site, and C-site, respectively, which is an indication for the factor analysis model adequacy.
Abstract: The increased antibiotic resistance of intestinal commensal bacteria of food-producing animals in the last decade due to the extensive use of antibiotics is a potential risk for human health. In the present study, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of E. coli, E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from faecal samples from fattening pigs and pig farm workers who are not in contact with animals (group A) and pig farm workers who are in direct contact with animals (group B) was determined. The resistance of the bacteria was assessed by the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each antibiotic used in the study by microdilution method. E. coli isolated from fattening pigs showed resistance to at least one antibiotic used in the study at 93.20%, from pig farm workers of group A at 60.19% and of group B at 41.74%. The isolates of E. faecalis from fattening pigs, pig farm workers of group A and pig farm workers of group B were resistant to at least one antibiotic used in the study at 73.78, 68.93 and 52.42%. The resistance of E. faecium isolated from the same groups was determined at 62.13, 52.43 and 44.66%. E. coli and Enterococci isolated from pigs showed high resistance to tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazone, streptomycin and erythromycin, whereas those isolated from pig farm workers showed high resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin and erythromycin. The results of the study provide evidence that the use of antibiotics in pigs as well as the increased resistance of intestinal commensal bacteria affects the resistance of intestinal commensal bacteria in the persons working on the farms.
Abstract: Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) is a reproducible, rapid and quite simple method for the detection of deletions/insertions/rearrangements in polymerase chain reaction amplified DNA. All the details for the use of PCR-SSCP are presented in the direction of genetic diseases (beta-thalassaemia, cystic fibrosis), optimum gel conditions, sensitivity and the latest modifications of the method, which are applied in most laboratories. This non-radioactive PCR-SSCP method can be reliably used to identify mutations in patients (beta-globin, CFTR), provided suitable controls are available. Moreover, it is widely used for mutation identification in carriers (beta-thalassaemia, cystic fibrosis), making it particularly useful in population screening.
Abstract: Laboratory aids are extensively used in the diagnosis of diseases, in preventive medicine, and as management tools. Reference values of clinically healthy people serve as a guide to the clinician in evaluating biochemical parameters. Determination of 21 biochemical parameters of healthy persons using standard methods of analysis. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis were applied on the above 21 biochemical parameters data. The application of a typical classification approach as cluster analysis proved that four major groups of similarity between all 21 clinical parameters are formed, which correspond to the authors assumption of the existence of several summarizing pattern of clinical parameters such as âenzyme,â âmajor component excretionâ, âgeneral health state,â and âblood specificâ pattern. These patterns appear also in the subsets obtained by separation of the general dataset into âmaleâ, âfemaleâ, âyoungâ, and âadultâ healthy groups. The results obtained from principal components analysis have additionally proved the validity of a similar assumption. The intelligent data analysis on the clinical parameter dataset has shown that when a complex system is considered as a multivariate one, the information about the system substantially increases. All these results support an idea that probably a general health indicator could be constructed taking into account the existing classification groups in the list of clinical parameters.
Abstract: In the present study the involvement of human activities is assessed in the revalorization of groundwater quality. The groundwater quality was assessed on the basis of physical and chemical analysis (electric conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, NO3â, NO2â, SO4â2, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, residual sodium absorption (RSC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) for the period 2000â2004. From the analysis of results, it emerges that there are significant differences on the quality of water among the sample areas studied. The degradation of groundwater quality is mainly due to the pollution caused by the rural use of land, as well as its intensive exploitation. The salination and toxicity are potential problems of groundwater quality, especially in some areas, indicating that there is a need to take direct actions for the purpose of the optimum management of water resources in the Region of Thessaly.
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is a phenomenon of increasing importance, as demonstrated by the results of different antimicrobial resistance-monitoring programs. The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance in indicator bacteria isolated from cattle and swine in Greece. The resistance of the bacteria was assessed by the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each antibiotic used in the study using the microdilution method. E. coli isolated from cattle and swine showed resistance to at least one antibiotic used in the study at 75.79 and 88.52%, respectively. The resistance of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from cattle was determined at 68.42 and 66.66%, whereas the resistance of the same bacteria isolated from swine was 81.51 and 72.64%, respectively. Resistance of E. coli, isolated from both animal species, to tetracycline and streptomycin was the most commonly observed, although considerable resistance to ampicillin was observed. Enterococcus sp. isolated from cattle and swine showed a high level of resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin and erythromycin. In both animal species, multi-resistance occurred in more than 10% of isolated strains of Enterococcus sp. and E. coli. The results of the study indicate a high level of resistance in indicator bacteria from cattle and swine in Greece, suggesting that a veterinary antimicrobial resistance-monitoring program is needed in Greece to monitor bacterial resistance in animals.
Abstract: The determination of sodium and potassium electrolytes in human serum requires particular attention, because the alternation of different analyzers/methodologies during the day, in a general hospital. This research compares the data produced by 2 different analyzers that applied different methodologies which are commonly used in clinical chemistry laboratories to measure sodium and potassium ions. Olympus AU640 analyzer (Olympus, Japan) uses indirect ISE method while Microlyte 6.0 analyzer (KONELAB, Finland) uses direct ISE. It is shown that for the potassium a linear fitting model was the most appropriate for data transformation from Olympus AU640 to Microlyte 6.0. Also it is shown that a linear transformation model was not the most appropriate for transformation in the case of sodium concentrations. Finally some tentative conclusions are derived concerning the problem of transferability of results exists when laboratories use the above analyzers for the determination of the electrolytes sodium and potassium.
Abstract: The 60/2000/EU (WFD) and 98/83/EEU directives imposed rules and instructions for continuous monitoring and control the quality of drinking water. In the present study three representative areas, lowland (LL), mountainous (M) and coastal (C), have been selected for the collection of water samples, in the Prefectures of Larissa, Karditsa and Magnissia, central Greece. Physical: (electric conductivity (EC, μS/cm), pH, total hardness (TH, mg/L CaCO3)), chemical (mg/L): (nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium (Mg+2)) and microbiological: (total coliforms, E. Coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas Aeroginosa and Salmonella) parameters have been determined and analyzed for the period 2004-05. The mean values of the studied physical and chemical parameters were found to be within the limits mentioned in the 98/83/EEC Directive. From the microbiological study can be concluded that the water was inapropriate for human consumption in many cases because of the presence of microbes. From the analysis of results (Studentâs t-test; P<0.05 and Mann-Whitney test; P<0.05), it reveals that there are significant differences on the water quality among the studied areas.
Abstract: In this study, the distribution of physical parameters
(electric conductivity, pH and total hardness) and major
ions (nitrate, nitrite and chloride) of groundwater in the
region of Thessaly, Central Greece, is reported. Samples
were collected from three representative areas (lowlandurban,
semi-mountainous and coastal one) for the period
1994 to 2004. The results reveal that in some sample-sites
of the above areas the determined values of total hardness,
nitrate and nitrite exceeded the maximum allowable limits.
The values differ significantly among the studied areas,
too. Results provide an overview of the hydrochemical functioning
of a major water supply system for the region of
Thessaly.
Abstract: Fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) is a new test for the serological diagnosis of Brucella spp. infection in animals. The FPA is validated for the diagnosis of B. melitensis infection in sheep. For this purpose, 166 sera originated from natural infected sheep (verified by culture) and 851 sera originated from healthy animals (reared in areas where B. melitensis was never been isolated) were tested. The optimum cut-off value that offers the highest diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) was determined at 87mP with the use of ROC analysis. The DSn and DSp of FPA using this cut-off value are calculated at 97.6 and 98.9% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 93.9-99.3% and 98.0-99.5%, respectively. The DSn and DSp of FPA have been assessed also using as positive reference (n=587), sera that gave positive results at least in two tests used for diagnosis of B. melitensis in sheep as Rose Bengal Test (RBT), modified Rose Bengal Test (m-RBT), complement fixation test (CFT), indirect Elisa (i-Elisa) and competition Elisa (c-Elisa) originated from animals reared in flocks infected by B. melitensis. The optimum cut-off value using the above panel of positive reference sera was the same offering a DSn of 95.9% with a 95% CI, 94.0-97.4%, since the DSp remains the same. The DSn and DSp as well as performance, accuracy and agreement of FPA's result were compared with those of other tests used. The accuracy of FPA is very high, similar with that of i-Elisa. FPA is a promising assay, which offers a DSn and accuracy better that of those of the tests currently approved for the diagnosis of B. melitensis in sheep and goats. Due to its simplicity, the sort time that results can be obtained and its accuracy it can be used and improve the laboratory testing capacity as well as the efficacy of the eradication program based on test-and-slaughter policy.
Abstract: Reaction of one equivalent of vanadium(III) chloride with three equivalents of l-cysteine(H2Cys) in methyl alcohol affords a VIII-Cys compound that is formulated as [VIII(Hcys)3].2HCl.2.5H2O 1. The solid state characterization of 1 was performed by microanalysis, circular dichroism (CD) and infrared studies as well as room temperature magnetic susceptibility. These studies have shown coordination of each HCys- ligand to the VIII atom through an amine nitrogen and a carboxylate oxygen atoms. Solution studies of 1 were carried out in water and methanol by UV-visible, CD and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. According to these studies, it was evident that despite the progressive oxidation of 1 to oxovanadium(IV) species, some V(III) species were also present in solution after several hours. Compound 1, VIVOSO4.5H2O and l-cysteine were examined for their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lag time. Compound 1 exhibited significantly greater total antioxidant capacity and lag time values than l-cysteine. VIVOSO4.5H2O did not show any total antioxidant capacity or lag time. The inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity caused by 1, VIVOSO4.5H2O and thiorphan was also measured. Compound 1, at a concentration of 10(-3) M, showed inhibition of NEP activity as potent as thiorphan at 10(-6) M, while VIVOSO4.5H2O in the same concentration exhibited less than 50% inhibitory activity than that of thiorphan at 10(-6) M. Moreover, the antimetastatic effects of compound 1, l-cysteine and VIVOSO4.5H2O were examined on Wistar rats, treated with 3,4-benzopyrene. The results revealed that 1 prevents significantly lung metastases (only 9.5% of animals treated with 1 showed metastases), whereas 47-52% of the rats of the control group and those treated with l-cysteine and VIVOSO4.5H2O exhibited metastases.
Abstract: A series of vanadium(III) and oxovanadium(IV/V) compounds with the ligands, N-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide (Hpycan), N-(phenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide (Hpheca), and N-(2-pyridyl)acetamide (Hpyra), containing the amide functionality, was prepared and characterized both in solution and in solid state. All vanadium compounds contain a vanadium-amide oxygen bond. Crystal data for [VOCl(2)(OC(2)H(5))(Hpheca)] (4) are monoclinic; P2(1)/a; a = 12.668(5) Ã, b = 8.084(3) Ã, c = 17.222(6) Ã, alpha = 108.148(12) degrees; Z = 4. In addition to the synthesis and crystallographic studies, the optical, infrared, and magnetic properties of these compounds are reported. Electron paramagnetic resonance [of oxovanadium(IV) species] and (1)H, (13)C{(1)H}, and (51)V nuclear magnetic resonance [of oxovanadium(V) compounds] properties are reported as well.
Abstract: Reaction of the amide ligand N-[2-((2-pyridylmethylene)amino)phenyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (Hcapca) with VCl(3) affords the compound trans-[VCl(2)(capca)] (1), the first example of a vanadium(III) complex containing a vanadium-deprotonated amide nitrogen bond, while reaction of bis(pentane-2,4-dionato)oxovanadium(IV) with the related ligands N-[2-((2-phenolylmethylene)amino)phenyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (H(2)phepca), 1-(2-hydroxybenzamido)-2-(2-pyridinecarboxamido)benzene (H(3)hypyb), and 1,2-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)benzene (H(4)hybeb) yields the complexes [VO(phepca)] (2), Na[VO(hypyb)].2CH(3)OH (4.2CH(3)OH), and Na(2)[VO(hybeb)].3CH(3)OH (5.3CH(3)OH) respectively. The preparation of the complex {N-[2-((2-thiophenoylmethylene)amino)phenyl]pyridine-2-carboxamido}oxovanadium(IV) (3) has been achieved by reaction of N-(2-aminophenyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide and 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde with [VO(CH(3)COO)(2)](x)(). Oxidation of complex 5.3CH(3)OH with silver nitrate gives its vanadium(V) analogue (8.CH(3)OH), which is readily converted to its corresponding tetraethylammonium salt (10.CH(2)Cl(2)) by a reaction with Et(4)NCl. The crystal structures of the octahedral 1.CH(3)CN, and the square-pyramidal complexes 3, 4.CH(3)CN, 5.2CH(3)OH, and 10 were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data are as follows: 1.CH(3)CN, C(18)H(13)Cl(2)N(4)OV.CH(3)CN M(r) = 464.23, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 10.5991(7) Ã, b = 13.9981(7) Ã, c = 14.4021(7) Ã, beta = 98.649(2)(o), V = 2112.5(3) A(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0323, and R(w) 0.0335; 3, C(19)H(13)N(3)O(2)SV, M(r) = 398.34, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 12.1108(10) Ã, b = 19.4439(18) Ã, c = 7.2351(7) Ã, beta = 103.012(3) degrees, V = 1660.0(4) Ã(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0355, and R(w) = 0.0376; 4.CH(3)CN, C(19)H(12)N(3)O(4)VNa.CH(3)CN, M(r) = 461.31, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 11.528(1) Ã, b = 11.209(1) Ã, c = 16.512(2) Ã, beta = 103.928(4)(o), V = 2071.0(5) Ã(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0649, and R(w) = 0.0806; 5.2CH(3)OH, C(20)H(10)N(2)O(5)VNa(2).2CH(3)OH, M(r) = 519.31, triclinic, P1, a = 12.839(1) Ã, b = 8.334(1) Ã, c = 12.201(1) Ã, alpha = 106.492(2) degrees, beta = 105.408(2) degrees, gamma = 73.465(2) degrees, V = 1175.6(3) Ã(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0894, and R(w) = 0.1043; 10, C(28)H(32)N(3)O(5)V M(r) = 541.52, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 11.711(3) Ã, b = 18.554(5) Ã, c = 12.335(3) Ã, beta = 95.947(9) degrees, V = 2666(2) Ã(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0904, and R(w) = 0.0879. In addition to the synthesis and crystallographic studies, we report the optical, infrared, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of these complexes. Electron paramagnetic resonance [of oxovanadium(IV) species] and (1)H, (13)C{(1)H}, and (51)V nuclear magnetic resonance [of oxovanadium(V) complex] properties are reported as well. This study represents the first systematic study of vanadium(III), V(IV)O(2+), and V(V)O(3+) species containing a vanadium-deprotonated amide nitrogen bond.
