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Emine E Alaaddinoglu


emi_ala@yahoo.com

Journal articles

2010
Alper Caglar, Bilge Turhan Bal, Cemal Aydin, Handan Yilmaz, Secil Ozkan (2010)  Evaluation of stresses occurring on three different zirconia dental implants: three-dimensional finite element analysis.   Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 25: 1. 95-103 Jan/Feb  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the von Mises, compressive, and tensile stresses occurring on three different zirconia dental implants and surrounding bone with three-dimensional finite element analysis. Materials and METHODS: Three different zirconia implants (Z-Systems, Ziterion, and White-Sky), 10 mm in length and 4 mm in diameter, and anterior maxillary bone were modeled using three-dimensional finite element analyses. Zirconia implants were placed into the maxillary left central incisor region. Loading was applied in horizontal and oblique axes (at angles of 90 and 30 degrees with respect to the implant long axes). Oblique loading was 178 N and horizontal loading was 25.5 N. RESULTS: Under oblique loading, von Mises stresses for all implants were similar, and under horizontal loading conditions, the highest von Mises stress was found at the buccal and palatal neck region of the Ziterion implant (46.57 MPa). In cortical bone, the highest von Mises stresses were observed at the buccal region of the Z-Systems implant under oblique and horizontal loading conditions (26.65 MPa and 10.74 MPa, respectively). The highest compressive stresses were observed at the implant buccal neck region and cortical bone interface of the Z-Systems implant under oblique and horizontal loading conditions. For both loading conditions, the highest tensile stress values were observed at the implant palatal region and cortical bone interface of the Z-Systems implant. CONCLUSION: The von Mises, compressive, and tensile stresses that occurred in cortical bone were higher than those observed in trabecular bone. Generally, the stresses in the Z-Systems implant were higher than in the other zirconia implants. The differences between the stress values occurring on the zirconia implants may be related to the different body and thread designs of these implants.
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Yonca Korkmaz, Sevil Gurgan, Esra Firat, Dan Nathanson (2010)  Shear bond strength of three different nano-restorative materials to dentin.   Oper Dent 35: 1. 50-57 Jan/Feb  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of a nano-composite, a flowable nano-composite and a nano glass ionomer to dentin in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty human molars were ground flat, exposing the dentin surfaces, and they were randomly divided into five groups according to the restorative materials and adhesive systems used (n = 12/group). The restoratives were applied to all dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions, using a special jig (Ultradent) in the following manner: Group 1: a nano-composite (NC) (Filtek Supreme XT-3M ESPE) was applied with a two-step self-etch adhesive (SE) (Adper SE Plus-3M ESPE); Group 2: NC was applied with an etch&rinse adhesive (SB) (Adper Single Bond 2-3M ESPE); Group 3: a flowable nano-composite (FNC, Filtek Supreme XT Flow-3M ESPE) was applied with SE; Group 4: FNC was applied with SB and Group 5: a nanofilled resin-modified glass ionomer (Ketac N100-3M ESPE) was applied with Ketac Nano Primer (3M ESPE). The bonded specimens were stored in distilled water (37 degrees C, 24 hours) and tested for SBS in a universal testing machine (1 mm/minute). Two specimens from each group were subjected to SEM evaluations of the adhesive interfaces. Failure modes were determined using a stereomicroscope. The mean SBS values were calculated and the data were analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean SBS values (MPa) for the groups were 13.64; 7.83; 11.20; 4.12 and 0.64 for Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Group 1 exhibited a significantly higher value than all the other groups; whereas, Group 5 had the lowest value (p < 0.05). The SE adhesive yielded higher bond values than the SB adhesive with NC and FNC restorative materials. Failure modes in all the groups were primarily adhesive. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the capacity of the current two-step self-etch adhesive to outperform the etch&rinse adhesive in conjunction with the two nano-restoratives tested.
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Tuncer Burak Ozçelik, Paul Benjamin Tanner (2010)  A surgical guide for craniofacial implant placement for an implant-retained auricular prosthesis.   J Prosthet Dent 103: 4. 253-255 Apr  
Abstract: Craniofacial implants provide excellent stability and retention for auricular prosthetic rehabilitation. Accurate location of implants is important to achieve optimal prosthetic results. This article describes an alternative procedure for fabricating an acrylic resin surgical template for craniofacial implant placement with the assistance of a 6-inch contour duplication gauge.
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Cigdem Celik, Selim Erkut, Kamran Gulsahi, Kivanc Yamanel, Cigdem Kucukesmen (2010)  Effect of sodium ascorbate on bond strength of different adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin.   Aust Endod J 36: 1. 12-18 Apr  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium ascorbate on bond strength of different adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin. Eighty extracted molar teeth were used in the study. The buccal enamel surfaces were removed to obtain a flat dentin surface. The teeth were mounted in self-curing resin and dentin surfaces were irrigated with NaOCl for 10 min. Half of the specimens were treated with sodium ascorbate for 10 min. The teeth were randomly assigned to four subgroups according to the adhesive systems used (Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Tri-S Bond, Adper Prompt-L-Pop, Adper Single Bond 2). Bond strengths were determined with a Universal Testing Machine, at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were statistically analysed using anova at a significance level of 0.05. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the effect of sodium ascorbate application on bond strength of adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The bond strength results were significantly influenced by the application of sodium ascorbate (P < 0.05) and there was a significant difference between the adhesive systems (P < 0.05). Although statistically significant differences were not demonstrated in all adhesive resin groups, sodium ascorbate application after NaOCl treatment improved the bond strength values.
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Defne Keçik, Esen Aydoğdu, Ufuk Ateş, Sina Uçkan (2010)  Mandibular hypoplasia with curvilinear distraction.   J Craniofac Surg 21: 1. 168-173 Jan  
Abstract: Mandibular distraction with intraoral curvilinear distractor is an effective procedure for lengthening the mandibular corpus and ramus dimensions. Mandibular distractor is valuable for the treatment of hypoplastic mandible. The aim of this article was to describe the treatment of a patient with hypoplastic and severely retrognathic mandible resulting from isolated Pierre Robin sequence, by means of curvilinear distraction osteogenesis followed by fixed orthodontic treatment. As a result, the curvilinear path of distraction can form a new mandibular angle and bring the mandible significantly forward. Attention should be given for the stability of the treatment results.
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Cigdem Celik, Neslihan Arhun, Kivanc Yamanel (2010)  Clinical evaluation of resin-based composites in posterior restorations: 12-month results.   Eur J Dent 4: 1. 57-65 Jan  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the 12 month clinical performances of two different posterior composites in Class I and Class II restorations. METHODS: Thirty-one patients (10 male, 21 female) were recruited into the study. A total of 82 Class I and Class II cavities were restored with either a nanohybrid composite (Grandio) or a low-shrinkage composite (Quixfil), using their self etch adhesives (Futura Bond and Xeno III) according to manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were clinically evaluated 1 week after placement as baseline, and after 6 and 12 months post-operatively using modified USPHS criteria by two previously calibrated operators. Statistical analysis were performed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test (P<.05). RESULTS: All patients attended the 12-month recall. Lack of retention was not observed in any of the restorations. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences were found between two restorative materials tested after 12 months (P>.05). None of the restorations had marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss on the 12 month follow-up. Restorations did not exhibit post-operative sensitivity at any evaluation period. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical assessment of nanohybrid (Grandio) and low-shrinkage posterior composite (Quixfil) exhibited good clinical results with predominating alpha scores after 12 months. However; further evaluations are necessary for the long-term clinical performance of these materials.
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Ciğdem Celik, Yonca Ozel, Bora Bağiş, Selim Erkut (2010)  Effect of laser irradiation and cavity disinfectant application on the microtensile bond strength of different adhesive systems.   Photomed Laser Surg 28: 2. 267-272 Apr  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different cavity disinfection procedures (chlorhexidine gluconate-based cavity disinfectant and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation) on the bond strength of two different types of adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB] and Clearfil SE Bond [SE]). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty human third molars were ground flat to expose midcoronal dentin. After the dentin surfaces were polished with 600-grit silicon carbide paper, the teeth were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 5) according to the cavity disinfection procedure and the adhesive resin: Group I, etch and rinse adhesive (SB); Group II, self-etch adhesive (SE); Group III, cavity disinfectant application (cavity cleanser) + SB; Group IV, cavity disinfectant application + SE; Group V, laser irradiation (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 20 Hz; 0.75 W; 15% water, 15% air) + SB; Group VI, laser irradiation + SE. For each group, the composite crown was incrementally fabricated with a composite resin. Following storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h, the bonded specimens were serially sectioned into rectangular beams (n = 32). Bond strengths were determined using a microtensile tester at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, and multiple comparisons were performed using post hoc Duncan's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Cavity disinfectant application and laser irradiation produced significantly higher bond strength values compared to the control group for SB. For SE, only laser irradiation improved the bond strength values compared to the control. There was a statistically significant decrease in the bond strength values of the specimens that were subjected to cavity disinfectant before SE application. The failure mode was mainly adhesive in all groups. CONCLUSION: Cavity disinfectant application and laser irradiation may influence bond strength, depending on the adhesive system used. As a cavity-disinfecting procedure, laser irradiation might enhance the bond strength of etch and rinse and self-etch adhesive systems.
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E O Onay, Y Korkmaz, A Kiremitci (2010)  Effect of adhesive system type and root region on the push-out bond strength of glass-fibre posts to radicular dentine.   Int Endod J 43: 4. 259-268 Apr  
Abstract: AIM: To compare interfacial strength in different thirds of the root canal amongst glass-fibre posts luted with four different adhesive luting agents. METHODOLOGY: A total of 44 extracted human single-rooted teeth were randomly divided in four groups and restored using glass-fibre posts and the following luting agents: All Bond SE/Duo-Link (ABSE), All Bond 3/Duo-Link (AB3), BisCem (BC), Clearfil ED primer II/Clearfil Esthetic Cement (CLF). One week after luting, the samples were thermocycled in water, and then embedded in acrylic resin. Three sections (cervical, middle and apical) of 2 mm thickness were prepared from each specimen, and the post in each section was subjected to a push-out test. One additional specimen for each group was prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis and the bonding effectiveness to dentine was assessed. The data were analysed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, two-way anova, one-way anova, and the Scheffe test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The push-out bond strength values for BC and ABSE were not significantly different (P > 0.05), but both were significantly higher than the means for AB3 and CLF (P < 0.05) in the cervical and middle regions. The same trend was observed in the apical region, except for the AB3 and ABSE which were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from each other. There were significant differences in bond strength amongst root thirds, with a reduction in values from the cervical to apical third (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of BisCem and All Bond SE/Duo-Link combination with their simplified application procedures may be considered an alternative to the currently used systems for luting glass-fibre posts in root canal.
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Pervin Imirzalioglu, Ozgul Karacaer, Burak Yilmaz, Ilknur Ozmen Msc (2010)  Color stability of denture acrylic resins and a soft lining material against tea, coffee, and nicotine.   J Prosthodont 19: 2. 118-124 Feb  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four solutions [saliva (control group), saliva+tea, saliva+coffee, saliva+nicotine] on the color of different denture base acrylic resins (heat-polymerized, injection-molded, autopolymerized) and a soft denture liner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty specimens from each type of test material were prepared (2.5 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness). Five specimens from each test material (heat-polymerized, chemically polymerized, injection-molded acrylic resin, soft denture reliner) were stored in each solution in 37 degrees C in a dark environment. Colorimetric measurements were done on the 1st, 7th, and 30th days. Color differences among specimens immersed in saliva (control group), and staining solutions were evaluated over time. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (alpha= 0.05). ANOVA was followed by Tukey test to find which groups differed from each other. RESULTS: Significant color shifts occurred in heat-polymerized and injection-molded acrylic resins in coffee and in soft liner in nicotine over time (p < 0.05) (DeltaE > 1). The color shift of soft liner in nicotine was significantly different than that of the remainder of the test materials in nicotine (p < 0.05). The color shift magnitudes of each test material in coffee and tea were not significantly different when compared among the test material groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of staining solutions on the color of each test material in each session was perceivable by the human eye (DeltaE > 1); however, the color shifts of all test materials were clinically acceptable (DeltaE < 3.7) except for soft liner in nicotine, which was not clinically acceptable over time. Therefore, minimizing drinking of such beverages and use of tobacco, particularly when soft liner is applied, may be advantageous for denture wearers for long-term color stability.
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Yonca Korkmaz, Emre Ozel, Nuray Attar, Ceren Ozge Bicer, Erhan Firatli (2010)  Microleakage and scanning electron microscopy evaluation of all-in-one self-etch adhesives and their respective nanocomposites prepared by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and bur.   Lasers Med Sci 25: 4. 493-502 Jul  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of all-in-one self-etch adhesives and their respective nanocomposites in class V cavities prepared by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and bur. Class V cavities were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 72 premolars by Er:YAG laser or bur and divided into six groups (n = 24). The occlusal margins were enamel and the cervical margins were cementum. The groups were as follows: group 1 Er:YAG laser preparation (E) + Xeno V (X) + CeramX (C); group 2 bur preparation (B) + X + C; group 3 E + AdheSE One (A) + Tetric EvoCeram (T); group 4 B + A + T; group 5 E + Clearfil S3 Bond (CSB) + Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME); group 6 B + CSB + CME. All teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h, then thermocycled 500 times (5-55 degrees C). Ten teeth from each group were chosen for the microleakage investigation and two teeth for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation. The teeth that were prepared for the microleakage test were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. After immersion, the teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < 0.05). Bur-prepared cavities presented less microleakage in all groups for enamel (P < 0.05); however, in cervical margins, there were no differences between laser-prepared and bur-prepared cavities in the Xeno V + CeramX and AdheSE One + Tetric EvoCeram groups (P > 0.05). SEM observations of restorative material-dentin interfaces seemed to correspond with those of the microleakage test. Microleakage at the cervical interfaces was greater than that at the occlusal interfaces. Er:YAG laser-prepared class V cavities yielded more microleakage in occlusal margins with all-in-one self-etch adhesives and the respective manufacturer's nanocomposites.
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Banu Karayazgan, Arzu Atay, Mehmet Ali Saracli, Yumushan Gunay (2010)  Evaluation of Candida albicans formation on feldspathic porcelain subjected to four surface treatment methods.   Dent Mater J 29: 2. 147-153 Mar  
Abstract: Candida albicans, known for its adhesion on prosthetic materials and oral tissues, is the most frequently encountered fungal infection in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different surface treatment methods and immersion in artificial saliva on the surface roughness of and candida adhesion on dental porcelains. The four surface treatment methods were namely: natural glaze, overglaze, dual ion exchange, and polishing. Surface roughness of porcelain was evaluated using a surface profilometer and by SEM. Candida adhesion was examined by culturing two Candida strains on porcelain specimens followed by a colorimetric method using XTT/Coenzyme Q0. It became evident that Candida adhesion was found more in the specimens treated with natural glaze and polishing. Further, by the visual inspection of SEM images and comparison of surface roughness, polished and natural-glazed specimens showed rougher surface characteristics than overglazed and dual-ion-exchanged specimens.
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Yener Oguz, Haci Saglam, Dogan Dolanmaz, Sina Uckan (2010)  Comparison of stability of 2.0mm standard and 2.0mm locking miniplate/screws for the fixation of sagittal split ramus osteotomy on sheep mandibles.   Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg Mar  
Abstract: Ten unembalmed adult sheep mandibles were used. The mandibles were sectioned in the midline, followed by sagittal split ramus osteotomies to obtain 20 hemimandibles. Each distal segment was advanced 5mm on each hemimandible. Ten of the specimens were fixed with 4-hole extended 2.0mm titanium miniplates and screws and the other 10 were fixed with 4-hole extended 2.0mm locking miniplates/screws. Each fixed specimen was mounted on a servo-hydraulic testing unit with the fixation device, and was tested to a range of forces of 0-140N. The displacement values (mm) under 20, 60, 120, and 140N were compared with the help of the Mann-Whitney U-test, and there were no significant differences between them at any force tested. Locking miniplate/screws and standard miniplate/screws showed similar displacement values at the range of forces tested.
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Firdevs Veziroglu, Sidika Sinem Soydan, Alev Cetinşahin, Sina Uckan (2010)  Maxillomandibular fixation screws for early removal of hardware and correction of lingual tilting in alveolar distraction osteogenesis.   J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68: 7. 1651-1655 Jul  
Abstract: Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is a well-known technique used for the management of deficient alveolar ridges. Vector control of the transport segment is the main problem during distraction. This article describes a new technique for early removal of distractor and correction of tilted transport segment in partially edentulous patients.
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Sina Uckan, Kagan Deniz, Emre Dayangac, Kenan Araz, B Handan Ozdemir (2010)  Early implant survival in posterior maxilla with or without beta-tricalcium phosphate sinus floor graft.   J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68: 7. 1642-1645 Jul  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The sinus lift procedure provides a way to increase the amount of available bone and the placement of longer implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the survival rates of implants inserted in the posterior maxilla (without sinus lift) to simultaneous implant insertion with sinus lift. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy maxillary sinuses in 62 patients were augmented by beta-tricalcium phosphate and 121 implants were inserted into these augmented sinuses (study group) and 136 implants were inserted in the posterior maxilla in 65 patients (control group). Follow-up times were 29.8 and 32.3 months for the study and control groups, respectively. RESULTS: One implant in the study group and 1 implant in the control group failed. All other implants in both groups were functioning well without any significant clinical finding. Implant survivals were 99.17% in the study group and 99.26% in the control group. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous implant insertion and sinus lift with beta-tricalcium phosphate is a safe surgical procedure, and survival rates of implants inserted in the augmented sinus were similar to those of implants inserted in the posterior maxilla without sinus lift.
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Sevi Burçak Cehreli, Neslihan Arhun, Cigdem Celik (2010)  Amalgam repair: quantitative evaluation of amalgam-resin and resin-tooth interfaces with different surface treatments.   Oper Dent 35: 3. 337-344 May/Jun  
Abstract: AIM: The successful addition of new restorative materials to an existing restoration may be the most conservative course of treatment. Repairing amalgam restorations with resin materials remains a viable clinical alternative to amalgam replacement. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of different adhesive systems and surface treatments on the integrity of amalgam-resin and resin-tooth interface after partial removal of pre-existing amalgam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty defect-free human molars were restored with amalgam occlusally. The teeth were thermocycled (1,000x) between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, with a dwell time of 30 seconds. The mesial and distal parts of the amalgam fillings were removed, leaving only the middle part of amalgam. One side of the cavity was finished with a coarse diamond bur, while the other part of the amalgam was finished with a fine diamond bur. The samples were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/group) and received the following adhesive systems: Group 1: All Bond 3 (BISCO, Inc); Group 2: Clearfil SE Bond+Alloy Primer (Kuraray); Group 3: Kuraray DC Bond (Kuraray); Group 4: Xeno V (Dentsply); Group 5: XP Bond (Dentsply). All the cavities were restored with resin composite (TPH Spectrum, Dentsply). All the materials were used according to the manufacturer's directions. The specimens were re-thermocycled (1,000x), sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, sectioned mesiodistally and photographed digitally. The extent of dye penetration on the tooth-sealant interface was measured by image analysis software (ImageJ, Scion Image, Frederick, Maryland, USA) for both coarse-finished and fine-finished surfaces at the resin-tooth and resin-amalgam interface. The data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: All Bond 3 and XP bond (etch & rinse) produced the best results at each section. All the materials exhibited more microleakage at the amalgam interface than the tooth interface. Surface finishing with different burs did not statistically affect microleakage. CONCLUSION: In terms of microleakage reduction, etch & rinse adhesives may be preferred over self-etch adhesives for amalgam repair.
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A Gulsahi, Cs Paksoy, S Ozden, No Kucuk, Ari Cebeci, Y Genc (2010)  Assessment of bone mineral density in the jaws and its relationship to radiomorphometric indices.   Dentomaxillofac Radiol 39: 5. 284-289 Jul  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate maxillary, mandibular and femoral neck bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to determine any correlation between the bone mineral density of the jaws and panoramic radiomorphometric indices. METHODS: 49 edentulous patients (18 males and 31 females) aged between 41 and 78 years (mean age 60.2 +/- 11.04) were examined by panoramic radiography. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the jaws and femoral neck was measured with a DXA; bone mineral density was calculated at the anterior, premolar and molar regions of the maxilla and mandible. RESULTS: The mean maxillary molar BMD (0.45 g cm(-2)) was significantly greater than the maxillary anterior and premolar BMD (0.31 g cm(-2), P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean mandibular anterior and premolar BMD (1.39 g cm(-2) and 1.28 g cm(-2), respectively) was significantly greater than the mean mandibular molar BMD (1.09 g cm(-2), P < 0.01). Although BMD in the maxillary anterior and premolar regions were correlated, BMD in all the mandibular regions were highly correlated. Maxillary and mandibular BMD were not correlated with femoral BMD. In addition, mandibular cortical index (MCI) classification, mental index (MI) or panoramic mandibular index (PMI) values were not significantly correlated with the maxillary and mandibular BMDs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The BMD in this study was highest in the mandibular anterior region and lowest in the maxillary anterior and premolar regions. The BMD of the jaws was not correlated with either femoral BMD or panoramic radiomorphometric indices.
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Burak Bayram, Sina Uckan, Alev Cetinsahin, Ayca Arman Ozcirpici, Handan Ozdemir, Canan Yazici (2010)  Repositioning of the masseter muscle and its effect on skeletal growth.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 109: 5. e1-e5 May  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish a model to aid in understanding the influences of bilateral masseter muscle relocation on the bone and muscle, and to determine the influences of bilateral masseter muscle relocation on mandibular growth pattern in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN: Ten 3-month-old growing white New Zealand rabbits were included. Digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained before operation and 6 months after surgery. The Co-Gn, gonial angle, FMA, ANS-Me, GoGn-SN, Y-axis, and Jarabak values were compared by using Student t test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the gonial angle (P < .05). Vertical height values (GoGn-SN, FMA, Y-axis, and ANS-Me) showed statistically significant increases in animals in the control group. In contrast, vertical height values in the experimental group did not show statistically significant increase. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior relocation of the masseteric muscle influenced the direction of vertical growth significantly compared with the control group.
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Banu Karayazgan-Saracoglu, Haluk Zulfikar, Arzu Atay, Yumushan Gunay (2010)  Treatment outcome of extraoral implants in the craniofacial region.   J Craniofac Surg 21: 3. 751-758 May  
Abstract: Extraoral implants for the retention of facial prosthesis have been used for better support, stability, and retention. Other than the clinical experiences, treatment outcomes of these prostheses should be evaluated for predicting the long-term success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rates and soft tissue responses of extraoral implants. In total, 52 patients were examined, including 16 with auricular defects, 16 with orbital defects, 13 with nasal defects, and 7 with midfacial defects. Data on implant length and location, radiation-treatment history, systemic diseases, and alcohol and cigarette use were collected and assessed, and data on the health of periimplant soft tissue were recorded for all of the defects. Statistical analyses were performed with t and chi2 tests and correlation and regression analyses for the determination of the survival rate. According to results, the defect area has a significant effect on success rate. The overall success rate was found highest in the auricular area and least in the midfacial area. The presence of diabetes, alcohol use, and age were found as significant factors for implant loss, whereas smoking and radiotherapy were found as insignificant.
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2009
Burçak Kaya, Ayça Arman, Sina Uçkan, Ayşe Canan Yazici (2009)  Comparison of the zygoma anchorage system with cervical headgear in buccal segment distalization.   Eur J Orthod 31: 4. 417-424 Aug  
Abstract: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of the zygoma anchorage system (ZAS) in buccal segment distalization in comparison with cervical headgear (CH). Thirty patients with Class II dental malocclusions were included in the study and were divided into two equal groups: the first group (10 females and 5 males, mean age 14.74 years at T1) received buccal segment distalization with ZAS and the second group (8 females and 7 males, mean age 15.26 years at T1) with CH. The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were measured on cephalograms obtained before (T1) and after (T2) distalization, and these changes were statistically evaluated using a repeated measures analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon test. The Class II buccal segment relationship was corrected to a Class I in an average period of 9.03 +/- 0.62 months in the ZAS group and 9.00 +/- 0.76 months in the CH group. Significant distalization was observed for the posterior teeth in both groups (P < 0.001). Distal tipping of all posterior teeth occurred in the CH group (P < 0.001), but only for the molars in the ZAS group (P < 0.001). The upper incisors retroclined, overjet decreased, and the upper and lower lips retruded in both groups. The ZAS provided absolute anchorage for distalization of the maxillary posterior teeth and can be used as an aesthetic and non-compliant alternative to extraoral traction in the treatment of Class II malocclusions.
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Sina Uckan, Burak Bayram, Defne Kecik, Kenan Araz (2009)  Effects of titanium plate fixation on mandibular growth in a rabbit model.   J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67: 2. 318-322 Feb  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metallic rigid fixation of mandibular corpus fracture on mandibular growth in growing rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen 90-day-old white New Zealand rabbits weighing 2 to 2.6 kg were included in this study. Unilateral mandibular fractures were created in all of the animals and fixed with microplates and screws. Microplates that had been adapted for fixation of the left (experimental) side were also used as a template for the drilling procedure on the right (control) side of the mandible. The plate was then removed, and screws were inserted. Digital submentovertex radiographs of each animal were taken before the operation and 6 months after surgery. Cephalometric values were analyzed. The distance between the centers of the 2 screws on the right side of the mandible was measured with a caliper in all samples, and values were compared with measurements taken from the left (experimental) side of the mandible upon which the plates had been placed. RESULTS: The mean amount of mandibular growth was 4.38+/-2.43 mm on the right (control) side and 4.64+/-2.27 mm on the left (experimental) side. This difference was not statistically significant (P> .05). The distance between the 2 screws was 13.89+/-0.23 mm on the experimental side and 13.44+/-0.46 mm on the control side. This difference was statistically significant (P< .05). CONCLUSIONS: Metallic fixation of a mandibular body fracture did not cause mandibular asymmetry or restricted mandibular growth in growing rabbits in this relatively small sample.
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Banu Karayazgan-Saracoglu, Yumushan Gunay, Arzu Atay (2009)  Fabrication of an auricular prosthesis using computed tomography and rapid prototyping technique.   J Craniofac Surg 20: 4. 1169-1172 Jul  
Abstract: This article describes the use of computed tomography and rapid prototyping method to produce a wax pattern of a missing ear. Computed tomographic scans were obtained from the patient, and a three-dimensional digital image was produced using a computer-aided design software. Then, the image of the present ear was extracted, and its mirror image was obtained with the software. The pattern of the inverted three-dimensional cast was produced using a rapid prototyping machine. The cast was duplicated in wax of identical dimensions and shape of the opposing ear, and the auricular prosthesis was fabricated with traditional methods.
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Tuncer Burak Ozcelik, Burak Yilmaz (2009)  A laboratory procedure for optimal implant abutment preparation.   J Prosthodont 18: 6. 537-540 Aug  
Abstract: Simplicity and predictability have made cement-retained implant crowns the recent restoration of choice. The taper of the abutment is of particular importance for cement-retained implant restorations. The ideal taper of the implant abutment allows the clinician to control the overall retention of restorations. The technique described in this report presents the laboratory preparation of an implant abutment for a cement-retained crown using a counter gauge to control the preparation taper.
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Hilal Uslu Toygar, Esra Guzeldemir, Ulkem Cilasun, Didem Akkor, Nejat Arpak (2009)  Long-term clinical evaluation and SEM analysis of the e-PTFE and titanium membranes in guided tissue regeneration.   J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 91: 2. 772-779 Nov  
Abstract: AIM: This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of titanium membrane and compare these findings with clinical outcomes of e-PTFE membrane, and to investigate the effect of bacterial contamination on both membranes with SEM during long-term healing. RESULTS: Sixteen titanium and sixteen e-PTFE membranes were surgically placed adjacent to periodontally involved teeth. Seven titanium and 8 e-PTFE membranes were exposed between 4 and 6 weeks. There were no significant difference between groups for plaque and gingival index. Probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were decreased in both groups when compared with baseline; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The CAL gains between the groups were statistically different in 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 24th months (p < 0.05), and the CAL gain was significantly higher in titanium membrane (p < 0.05). There was significant decrease in bleeding on probing from baseline in both groups (p < 0.05). Surfaces of 15 membranes were studied using SEM. The largest amount of bacteria was found on the external cervical surfaces of 15 exposed specimens. The entire surface showed the presence of slough epithelial cells, leukocytes, red blood cells, yeast, and microbial plaque. Thirteen external mid surfaces of the 15 specimens, external apical surfaces of three e-PTFE and 1 titanium membrane, internal collar surfaces of all specimens, internal mid surfaces of 5 e-PTFE and three titanium membranes and internal apical surface of only one e-PTFE membrane were infected. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that titanium membrane is equivalent to e-PTFE membranes for GTR in the treatment of periodontal defects.
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Burak Bayram, Kenan Araz, Sina Uckan, Cenk Balcik (2009)  Comparison of fixation stability of resorbable versus titanium plate and screws in mandibular angle fractures.   J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67: 8. 1644-1648 Aug  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the fixation reliability and stability of titanium and resorbable plates and screws by simulating chewing forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mandibular angle fractures in 11 sheep hemimandibles were fixed with 4-hole straight titanium plates and 2.0 x 7-mm titanium screws; in addition, 11 hemimandibles were fixed with 4-hole straight resorbable plates and 2.5 x 6-mm resorbable screws according to the Champy technique. The hemimandibles were mounted with a fixation device in a servohydraulic testing unit for compressive testing. Displacement values under 20, 60, 100, 120, 150, and 200 N; maximum displacements; and maximum forces that the model could resist before breakage were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between resorbable and titanium plates and screws at all forces (20, 60, 100, 120, 150, and 200 N) (P < .05). We found no statistically significant differences in the breaking force and maximum displacement values (displacement values at the breaking forces) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The stability of mandibular angle fractures with titanium miniplates under simulated chewing forces was significantly higher than with the resorbable system. Metallic and resorbable fixation systems cannot be used interchangeably to treat mandibular angle fractures under similar loading conditions.
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A Gulsahi, A I Cebeci, S Ozden (2009)  A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in a group of Turkish dental patients.   Int Endod J 42: 8. 735-739 Aug  
Abstract: AIM: To determine the prevalence of pulp stones in a group of patients using radiographs, and to assess any associations with age, gender, systemic diseases, tooth type, jaw, caries, restorations, impacted third molars and dental anomalies including dens invaginatus, taurodontism, dens evaginatus and microdontia. METHODOLOGY: A total of 519 patients were selected randomly amongst patients referred to Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University. After clinical inspection, full-mouth periapical radiographs were obtained. An oral radiologist examined the radiographs to identify pulp stones. Frequency distribution of teeth with pulp stones was calculated and statistical analysis was performed with chi-square test. RESULTS: Of the patients, 313 (60%) were female and 206 (40%) were male. Sixty (12%) had one or more teeth that contained pulp stones. Amongst the 13,474 teeth examined radiographically, 627 (5%) had pulp stones. There was no significant association between pulp stone occurrence and gender or systemic diseases. As age increased, the prevalence of pulp stones increased (P < 0.01). Molars had statistically more pulp stones than premolars and incisors (P < 0.001). Frequencies in both maxillary and mandibular jaw were similar. There was no association between pulp stones and impacted third molars, caries, restorations or dental anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pulp stones increased with age and was significantly higher in molar teeth than premolars and incisors. There was no significant association between pulp stones and gender, systemic diseases, impacted third molars, condition of the crown and dental anomalies.
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Burak Yilmaz, Tuncer Burak Ozçelik, Alvin G Wee (2009)  Effect of repeated firings on the color of opaque porcelain applied on different dental alloys.   J Prosthet Dent 101: 6. 395-404 Jun  
Abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Although metal ceramic fixed restorations are commonly preferred by clinicians, there remain a limited number of studies on how opaque porcelain color is affected by fabrication procedures, such as the number of firings and types of metal alloys. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various types of metal alloys on the color of opaque porcelain after repeated firings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven different types of metal ceramic alloys (3 base metals: Metalloy CC, chromium cobalt (B-MCC); Heraenium NA, nickel chromium (B-HNA); Argeloy NP, nickel chromium beryllium (B-ANP); 3 noble metals: Ceradelta, palladium silver (N-CD); Cerapall 2, palladium (N-CP2); V-Delta SF, gold palladium (N-VDSF); and 1 high noble metal: V-Gnathos Plus, gold platinum (HN-GP)) were used to support a 0.1-mm-thick layer of opaque porcelain (IPS d.SIGN Opaquer, shade B1) to determine the metal alloys' effect on the opaque porcelain color after repeated porcelain firings. Opaque porcelain was applied on specimens (16 mm x 1 mm) prepared from each type of alloy. The specimens (n=21) were subjected to 1 opaque firing, 4 consecutive dentin firing cycles, and 1 glaze firing cycle. Delta E values were calculated for all metal alloy groups from opaque firing (control group) to each subsequent firing stage within each tested alloy group. One-way ANOVA and Fisher's least significant difference tests were performed to determine the differences between alloys. In addition, DeltaE values calculated after repeated firings were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and paired t test, to determine whether repeated dentin firing stages affected the color of opaque porcelain (alpha=.05). RESULTS: After the first and second dentin firings, the color shift in opaque porcelain was significant for all tested alloy groups (P<.001). The color of opaque porcelain changed significantly after the third dentin firing for all groups except for B-HNA and N-VDSF (P<.001). After the fourth dentin firing, the color of opaque porcelain changed significantly for all tested alloy groups (P=.022 for B-ANP, P=.042 for N-VDSF, and P<.001 for remaining alloys). After glaze firing, the color change in opaque porcelain was significant in all but the N-CP2 group (P=.002 for N-VDSF, P=.014 for HN-GP, and P<.001 for remaining alloys). Delta E values showed that B-MCC after the first dentin firing, N-CD after the second dentin firing and glaze firing, and B-ANP after the third and fourth dentin firings showed significantly different DeltaE values than all remaining test alloys (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Subsequent porcelain firings significantly affected the color of a 0.1-mm-thick layer of opaque porcelain for all alloys tested. After the third and fourth firings, 1 base metal alloy (B-ANP) showed significantly greater color change than the remaining dental alloys when the color difference was compared to baseline. In addition, the color change in a noble alloy (N-CD) was significantly less than that of the other alloys after glaze firing. However, color shifts after repeated dentin firings were imperceptible (DeltaE<2.6) and clinically acceptable (DeltaE<5.5) for each type of alloy.
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Omur Polat-Ozsoy, Aylin Gokcelik, T Ufuk Toygar Memikoglu (2009)  Differences in cephalometric measurements: a comparison of digital versus hand-tracing methods.   Eur J Orthod 31: 3. 254-259 Jun  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cephalometric measurements using computerized tracing of direct digital radiographs in comparison with hand tracing of digital radiographic printouts. Comparisons were made between methods in terms of accuracy of individual measurements as well as evaluation of treatment outcomes. Pre- (T1) and post- (T2) treatment cephalometric digital radiographs of 30 patients were traced using the Vistadent OC 1.1 computer software program (group 1) and manually (group 2) by the same investigator. A total of 26 anatomical landmarks were located and measured. Measurement reproducibility was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients, and paired t-tests were used to compare differences in individual measurements and treatment outcomes between methods. Differences greater than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Significant differences were found between the two methods for SNB, Wits appraisal, Cd-A, Cd-Gn, FMA, SN-PP, U1-NA (mm), U1-FH, L1-NB (mm), and Li-E plane. No significant differences were found between the two methods in the measurement of treatment changes. Cephalometric measurements of most parameters were reproducible for both methods. Despite some discrepancies in measured values between hand-tracing and the computerized method, any differences were minimal and clinically acceptable.
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Emel Olga Onay, Mete Ungor, Hale Ari, Sema Belli, Ersin Ogus (2009)  Push-out bond strength and SEM evaluation of new polymeric root canal fillings.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107: 6. 879-885 Jun  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the interfacial strengths and failure modes of new polymeric endodontic obturation systems consisting of different material combinations. STUDY DESIGN: Extracted human single-rooted teeth (n = 105) were instrumented using HERO Shaper rotary instruments and obturated with different combinations of core and sealer as follows: group 1, RealSeal/Resilon; group 2, RealSeal/Herofill; group 3, Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon; group 4, Hybrid Root Seal/Herofill; group 5, MM-Seal/Resilon; group 6, MM-Seal/Herofill; group 7 (control). Failure modes of root slices (1.00 +/- 0.05-mm thick) after push-out testing were examined with stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon combination had significantly greater bond strength than all the other groups (P < .001); RealSeal/Resilon combination proved to have the second highest bond strength (P < .001). Bond failure was mainly mixed failure in both adhesive and cohesive modes at the dentin/sealer interface. CONCLUSION: The push-out bond strengths of methacrylate-based sealers (Hybrid Root Seal and RealSeal) and thermoplastic synthetic-polymer-based core material (Resilon) combinations were higher than epoxy-resin-based sealer (MM-Seal) and gutta-percha (Herofill) combination.
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Emel Olga Onay, Mete Ungor, Saadet Unver, Hale Ari, Sema Belli (2009)  An in vitro evaluation of the apical sealing ability of new polymeric endodontic filling systems.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108: 2. e49-e54 Aug  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the short-term sealing abilities of recently introduced polymeric endodontic filling systems. STUDY DESIGN: Root canals of 120 extracted and decoronated human single-rooted teeth were instrumented using crown-down technique with HERO Shaper rotary instruments. The roots were divided randomly into 8 groups (6 experimental and 2 control groups of 15 roots each) and filled with different combinations of core and sealer as follows: group 1, RealSeal/Resilon; group 2, RealSeal/Herofill; group 3, Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon; group 4, Hybrid Root Seal/Herofill; group 5, MM-Seal/Resilon; group 6, MM-Seal/Herofill; group 7, positive controls (Herofill only); group 8, negative controls. Apical leakage quantity was evaluated after 1 week by using a fluid filtration model. For each sample, measurements of fluid movement were recorded at 2-minute intervals for a total of 8 minutes, and then averaged. The data were calculated and analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey test. Significance was set at P less than .05. RESULTS: Multiple paired comparisons (Tukey test) showed that, of all the groups, MM-Seal/Herofill combination exhibited the least microleakage, and RealSeal/Herofill combination ranked second in this regard. The mean leakage values for the RealSeal/Resilon and MM-Seal/Resilon combinations were both significantly higher than the means for the other 4 experimental groups (P < .01). Hybrid Root Seal combined with Resilon resulted in significantly less microleakage than Hybrid Root Seal combined with Herofill (P = .001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the sealing properties of epoxy-resin-based sealer (MM-Seal) combined with gutta-percha (Herofill) are superior to those of methacrylate-based sealers (Hybrid Root Seal and Realseal) combined with Resilon.
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Sevi Burcak Cehreli, Serdar Arikan, Kamran Gulsahi, Neslihan Arhun, Ayca Arman, Mustafa Sargon (2009)  Effect of LED curing on marginal integrity of an ormocer-based sealant.   J Dent Child (Chic) 76: 1. 53-57 Jan/Apr  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the microleakage of a light cured, ormocer-based fissure sealant when photopolymerized with 2 different light emitting diode (LED) curing units and a conventional quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH) light-curing unit. METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted, unerupted human third molars from 9 adolescent were randomly assigned into 3 groups (N=10/group). Pits and fissures were acid etched for 30 seconds, rinsed for 15 seconds with an air-water spray, and air-dried. An ormocer-based fissure sealant material (Admira Seal) was applied to all fissures. In group 1, the sealant was photopolymerized with a Smart Light LED curing unit (Dentsply) for 10 seconds. Another LED curing unit (Elipar II) and a conventional QTH curing unit (Hilux) were used in groups 2 and 3 for 10 and 30 seconds, respectively. Specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for marginal microleakage. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of microleakage scores revealed no significant difference among the groups tested (P>.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). CONCLUSION: The tested LED curing units may provide reduction in total application time without comprising marginal integrity of the ormocer-based sealant.
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Omur Polat-Ozsoy, Ayca Arman-Ozcirpici, Firdevs Veziroglu (2009)  Miniscrews for upper incisor intrusion.   Eur J Orthod 31: 4. 412-416 Aug  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate if true incisor intrusion can be achieved using miniscrews. Eleven patients (three males and eight females; mean age: 19.8 +/- 4.8 years) with normal vertical dimension showing a pre-treatment deep bite of 5.9 +/- 0.9 mm and a 'gummy' smile were enrolled in the study. After levelling of the maxillary central and lateral incisors with a segmental arch, an intrusive force of 80 g using closed coil springs was applied from two miniscrews placed between the roots of the lateral and canine teeth. The amount of incisor intrusion was evaluated on lateral cephalometric headfilms taken at the end of levelling (T1) and at the end of intrusion (T2). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using a paired t and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. A significance level of P < 0.05 was predetermined. The mean upper incisor intrusion was 1.92 mm and the mean overbite decrease 2.25 +/- 1.73 mm in 4.55 months. Upper incisor angulation resulted in a 1.81 +/- 3.84 degree change in U1-PP angle and a 1.22 +/- 3.64 degree change in U1-NA angle. However, these were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). True intrusion can be achieved by application of intrusive forces close to the centre of resistance using miniscrews. However, studies with a larger number of subjects and long-term follow-up are necessary.
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Sina Uckan, Firdevs Veziroglu, Sidika Sinem Soydan, Eren Uckan (2009)  Comparison of stability of resorbable and titanium fixation systems by finite element analysis after maxillary advancement surgery.   J Craniofac Surg 20: 3. 775-779 May  
Abstract: In this study, three-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis were used to evaluate and compare the stability of Le Fort I osteotomy fixed with titanium and resorbable fixation systems under molar and incisor bite forces. A three-dimensional model of 5-mm advanced hemimaxilla was generated. Contact analyses between the upper and lower segments were prescribed. Two L-plates were inserted on this model via simulation. Displacement, principal stresses, and principal elastic strains were evaluated under 44-N, 125-N incisor and, 250-N molar bite forces. These results suggest that Le Fort I osteotomies fixed with titanium miniplates and screws were stable under all tested forces. However, in resorbable group, under incisor bite forces greater than 44 N, there is a great risk of plate fracture, screw deformation, and/or failure.
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Bulem Yüzügüllü, Ayse Gulsahi, Pervin Imirzalioglu (2009)  Radiomorphometric indices and their relation to alveolar bone loss in completely edentulous Turkish patients: a retrospective study.   J Prosthet Dent 101: 3. 160-165 Mar  
Abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: In edentulous patients, alveolar bone loss is a critical factor that affects denture retention, stability, and masticatory function. In addition to their use for the assessment of bone quality, panoramic radiomorphometric indices have been used to observe signs of bone resorption. Currently, there is no published data on the possible relationships between bone loss, radiomorphometric indices, and edentulism. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of age and gender on the mandibular cortical index, panoramic mandibular index, and mandibular cortical width, as well as alveolar bone loss and bone height, using panoramic radiographs of patients having been edentulous for more than 2 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 94 edentulous patients (41.5% men and 58.5% women) were assessed. In addition to gender and age, the mandibular cortical index (normal cortex, mild or severe erosions on endosteal margin of the mandible), panoramic mandibular index, mandibular cortical width at the mental foramen region, alveolar bone loss, and bone heights of the premolar and molar regions of the mandible were recorded. Statistical comparisons were performed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and 2-way ANOVA tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Mild erosions on the endosteal margin of the mandible were more frequently seen in age groups of <or=60, and severe erosions on the endosteal margin of the mandible were more frequently observed in age groups of >60 in women (P<.001). While the mean values of the mandibular cortical width were stable as age increased in men, the mean mandibular cortical width values decreased significantly with age in women (P<.01). The panoramic mandibular index, alveolar bone loss, and bone heights were not affected by age or gender. CONCLUSIONS: Severe erosions on the endosteal margin of the mandible are seen more frequently in women over 60 years in age. While mean mandibular cortical width values are stable in men over 60 years, mean mandibular cortical width values decrease significantly in women of the same age group.
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Yonca Korkmaz, Emre Ozel, Nuray Attar, Ceren Ozge Bicer (2009)  Influence of different conditioning methods on the shear bond strength of novel light-curing nano-ionomer restorative to enamel and dentin.   Lasers Med Sci Aug  
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate shear bond strength (SBS) between a light-curing nano-ionomer restorative and enamel or dentin after acid etching, after erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser etching, or after combined treatment. Forty third molars were selected, the crowns were sectioned, and 80 tooth slabs were obtained. The specimens were assigned to two groups, which were divided into four subgroups(n = 10). Group 1 [enamel (e)], treated with 37% phosphoric acid (A) + Ketac nano-primer (K); group 2 [dentin (d)], (A) + (K); group 3(e), Er:YAG laser etching (L) + (A) + (K); group 4(d), (L) + (A) + (K); group 5(e), (L) + (K); group 6(d), (L) + (K); group 7(e), (K); group 8(d), (K). The SBS of the specimens was measured with a universal test machine (1 mm/min). Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post-hoc Duncan test (p < 0.05). No difference was determined between groups 3 and 5 (p > 0.05). Group 7 exhibited higher SBS values than those of groups 3 and 5 (p < 0.05). Group 1 showed higher SBSs than those of groups 3, 5 and 7 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups 4 and 6 (p > 0.05). No difference was observed between groups 2 and 4 (p > 0.05). However, group 2 presented higher SBSs than did group 6 (p < 0.05). Group 8 exhibited the highest SBS values when compared with groups 2, 4 and 6 (p < 0.05). Er:YAG laser adversely affected the adhesion of the light-curing nano-ionomer restorative to both enamel and dentin.
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Ciğdem Celik, Bulem Yüzügüllü, Selim Erkut, A Rüya Yazici (2009)  Effect of bleaching on staining susceptibility of resin composite restorative materials.   J Esthet Restor Dent 21: 6. 407-414  
Abstract: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Effect of bleaching procedures on staining susceptibility of resin restorative materials is still questionable. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the staining susceptibility of restorative materials bleached with 20% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent and subsequently immersed in coffee and tea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two disk-shaped specimens were fabricated for each of the resin composites (Filtek Supreme XT [3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA], Ceram-X Mono [Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany], and Aelite All Purpose Body [BISCO, Inc., Shaumburg, IL, USA]). The baseline color values were measured with a spectrophotometer. The specimens of each restorative material were randomly divided into two groups (N = 21). While the first group specimens were stored in distilled water (nonbleaching group-control), bleaching agent (Opalescence PF 20% [Ultradent Poducts, South Jordan, UT, USA]) was applied on the top surface of each specimen of the second group (bleaching group). After color change values were measured, the specimens were randomly divided into three subgroups (N = 7) according to the staining solutions. The color change values (DeltaE*ab) were calculated and the data were subjected to analysis of variance. Statistical significance was declared if the p value was 0.05 or less. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference within each restorative material's DeltaE*ab values after bleaching (p = 0.714). Also, the staining solutions did not cause a statistically significant difference between DeltaE*ab values of bleaching compared with nonbleaching groups (p = 0.146). Significant interaction was found only between restorative materials and staining solutions (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Bleaching of the tested resin composites did not increase their susceptibility to extrinsic staining in vitro. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bleaching did not affect staining susceptibility of the tested resin composite restorative materials. (J Esthet Restor Dent 21:407-415, 2009).
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Defne Keçik, Ayhan Enacar (2009)  Effects of nasoalveolar molding therapy on nasal and alveolar morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate.   J Craniofac Surg 20: 6. 2075-2080 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) therapy on nasal and alveolar tissues in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 23 days, having complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, were included in this prospective study. After the impressions were taken of the palatal and nasolabial regions separately, the maxillary and nasal plaster models were scanned for linear, angular, and area measurements before and after PNAM therapy. The distances between the identified landmarks were measured in the maxillary casts, and the distance and area measurements were performed for the nasal casts with the specified software called Image J developed by the National Institutes of Health. All subjects have undergone PNAM therapy for 6 months. The nasal and maxillary casts are scanned, and the images were evaluated using the software Image J. The alveolar segments should be approximated, and the cleft width and alar base of the affected side after PNAM should be reduced, and the nostril area of the cleft side should be increased. The columella deviation should be decreased. RESULTS: The decrease of the cleft width, arch length, and alar base width on the cleft side and the deviation of the columella were significant, in addition to the significant increase of the arch circumference and nostril area on the affected side (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy is a significantly helpful treatment for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The reduction in the alveolar cleft region and the nasal reshaping are favorable.
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Kivanç Yamanel, Alper Caglar, Kamran Gülsahi, Utku Ahmet Ozden (2009)  Effects of different ceramic and composite materials on stress distribution in inlay and onlay cavities: 3-D finite element analysis.   Dent Mater J 28: 6. 661-670 Nov  
Abstract: To reduce loss of tooth tissue and to improve esthetic results, inlay and onlay restorations are good treatment choices for extensive cavities in posterior teeth. The aim of this paper was to evaluate, by means of three-dimensional finite element analysis, the effects of restorative material and cavity design on stress distribution in the tooth structures and restorative materials. Two different nanofilled composites and two different all-ceramic materials were used in this study. A permanent molar tooth was modeled with enamel and dentin structures. 3-D inlay and onlay cavity designs were created. Von Mises, compressive, and tensile stresses on the restorative materials, core materials, enamel, and dentin were evaluated separately. On the effect of restorative material, results showed that in the case of materials with low elastic moduli, more stress was transferred to the tooth structures. Therefore, compared to the nanofilled composites, the all-ceramic inlay and onlay materials tested transferred less stress to the tooth structures. On the effect of cavity design, the onlay design was more efficacious in protecting the tooth structures than the inlay design.
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Bulem Yuzugullu, Cigdem Celik, Selim Erkut, Tuncer Burak Ozcelik (2009)  The effects of extraoral porcelain polishing sequences on surface roughness and color of feldspathic porcelain.   Int J Prosthodont 22: 5. 472-475 Sep/Oct  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and color of porcelain modified by extraoral polishing sequences. Six different surface treatment regimens (diamond burs, self-glaze, overglaze, reglaze, Pearl Surface polishing system, and Diamond Twist SCL) were applied to 60 porcelain disks (n = 10 per group). Profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for the determination of surface roughness (Ra); color changes (deltaE*) were investigated by spectrophotometry. Statistical comparisons were made using analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Surface treatments significantly affected Ra values (P < .001) but had no effect on color (P > .05). AFM findings were consistent with Ra values. Color did not appear to be correlated with surface roughness (P > .05). The findings concluded that the Pearl Surface system helps to decrease chairside time and may be used as an alternative to overglazing.
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Yener Oguz, Sina Uckan, Ahmet Utku Ozden, Eren Uckan, Atilim Eser (2009)  Stability of locking and conventional 2.0-mm miniplate/screw systems after sagittal split ramus osteotomy: finite element analysis.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108: 2. 174-177 Aug  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical stresses over the bone and hardware after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) fixed with standard titanium or locking plate/screws using finite element analysis. STUDY DESIGN: A 3-dimensional finite element model of the mandible was created, and SSRO and 5 mm advancement was simulated on a computer model. The model was fixed with either 2.0-mm titanium conventional miniplate/screw or 2.0-mm titanium locking miniplate/screw system, and oblique 200 N bite force was applied. RESULTS: The values of von Mises stresses in the cortical layer of the distal segment using the locking plate system was higher. However, in the cortical layer of the proximal segment the stresses were higher at conventional plate system. In the spongiosa layers of both segments, stresses were higher with the conventional plate system. CONCLUSION: The locking miniplate/screw system spreads the load over the plate and screws and diminishes the amount of force transfered to each unit.
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Ciğdem Celik, Gül Ozgünaltay (2009)  Effect of finishing and polishing procedures on surface roughness of tooth-colored materials.   Quintessence Int 40: 9. 783-789 Oct  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of 2 polishing systems on surface roughness of tooth-colored restorative materials. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The materials included 3 flowable resins (Admira Flow, Voco; Dyract Flow, Dentsply; Filtek Flow, 3M ESPE) and a micro?hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). Eighteen specimens of each material were prepared using a Plexiglas well covered by a Mylar strip (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth). The Ra (baseline) was measured with a Mitutoyo Surftest-402 Surface Roughness Tester (Mitutoyo) with a standard cut-off value of 0.8 mm. Five tracings at different locations on each specimen were made. The specimens were then randomly divided into two finishing and polishing groups (n = 9): (1) Sof-Lex Pop-on disks (3M ESPE), and (2) Astropol and Astrobrush system (Ivoclar Vivadent). After finishing and polishing, surface roughness of the specimens was remeasured. Data were analyzed using 1- and 2-way ANOVA, at P < .05. RESULTS: The Mylar strip produced the smoothest surface in all restorative materials, while 2-way ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference for the finishing and polishing procedures (P = .000). The smoothest surface was generated with Sof-Lex Pop-on disks for all the materials tested. In procedure 2 (diamond bur/Astropol and Astrobrush system), Admira Flow group received the highest average surface roughness value, and a significant difference was revealed between Admira Flow and the other resins (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Sof-Lex Pop-on disks produced a smoother surface than Astropol and Astrobrush silicone polishers for microhybrid and flowable composites.
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Hilal Uslu Toygar, Okan Toygar, Esra Guzeldemir, Ulkem Cilasun, Ahmet Nacar, Nebil Bal (2009)  Alport syndrome: significance of gingival biopsy in the initial diagnosis and periodontal evaluation after renal transplantation.   J Appl Oral Sci 17: 6. 623-629 Nov/Dec  
Abstract: Alport Syndrome (AS) is an important hereditary disorder affecting the glomerular basement membrane. Diagnosis of AS is based on the presence of hematuric nephropathy, renal failure, hearing loss, ocular abnormalities and changes in the glomerular basement membrane of the lamina densa. The aims of this case report were to show the changes in the gingival tissues in a patient with AS under therapy with cyclosporin-A after renal transplantation and to discuss the possible role of type IV collagen in gingival basal lamina as an alternative approach for the diagnosis of AS. A 20-year-old male patient with AS underwent periodontal therapy including a series of gingivectomy surgeries. Gingival samples obtained during the second surgery were examined histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy for further pathological examination. Gingivectomy procedures have been performed every 6 months over the last 4 years. The excessive and fibrous gingival enlargements resulted in migration of the anterior teeth, but no alveolar bone loss occurred. This is the first report to demonstrate the possible changes in the gingival tissues caused by AS. It is suggested that gingival biopsy can be an initial diagnostic tool instead of renal or skin biopsies. Proper dental and periodontal care and regular visits to the dentist could provide limited gingival hyperplasia to patients with AS.
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Alper Caglar, Kivanc Yamanel, Kamran Gulsahi, Bora Bagis, Mutlu Ozcan (2009)  Could digital imaging be an alternative for digital colorimeters?   Clin Oral Investig Aug  
Abstract: This study evaluated the colour parameters of composite and ceramic shade guides determined using a colorimeter and digital imaging method with illuminants at different colour temperatures. Two different resin composite shade guides, namely Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer) and Premise (Kerr Corporation), and two different ceramic shade guides, Vita Lumin Vacuum (VITA Zahnfabrik) and Noritake (Noritake Co.), were evaluated at three different colour temperatures (2,700 K, 2,700-6,500 K, and 6500 K) of illuminants. Ten shade tabs were selected (A1, A2, A3, A3,5, A4, B1, B2, B3, C2 and C3) from each shade guide. CIE Lab values were obtained using digital imaging and a colorimeter (ShadeEye NCC Dental Chroma Meter, Shofu Inc.). The data were analysed using two-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. While mean L* values of both composite and ceramic shade guides were not affected from the colour temperature, L* values obtained with the colorimeter showed significantly lower values than those of the digital imaging (p < 0.01). At combined 2,700-6500 K colour temperature, the means of a* values obtained from colorimeter and digital imaging did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). For both composite and ceramic shade guides, L* and b* values obtained from colorimeter and digital imaging method presented a high level of correlation. High-level correlations were also acquired for a* values in all shade guides except for the Charisma composite shade guide. Digital imaging method could be an alternative for the colorimeters unless the proper object-camera distance, digital camera settings and suitable illumination conditions could be supplied. However, variations in shade guides, especially for composites, may affect the correlation.
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E Guzeldemir (2009)  The role of oral hygiene in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.   Int J Dent Hyg 7: 4. 289-293 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired disease of children and adults defined as isolated thrombocytopenia with no clinically apparent associated conditions or other causes of thrombocytopenia. Oral manifestations are gingival bleeding, petechiae, mucocutaneous bleeding and haemorrhage into tissues. CASE DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS: An 11-year-old Turkish female was referred to the periodontology clinic by the paediatric haematologist for the treatment of spontaneous gingival bleeding, gingival oedematous enlargement and hyperaemia. She was diagnosed as chronic ITP 6 months ago and she was told not to brush her teeth. She was also complaining with dull pain and oral malodor. She was motivated for oral hygiene and after consulting with paediatric haematologist, under the proper circumstances, dental plaque and calculus were removed. Healing was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Oral hygiene motivation and dental plaque control is crucial in order to prevent gingival bleeding, inflammation and severe periodontal diseases in patients with haematologic disorders. Understanding of the oral findings is essential in the management of patients and close cooperation between patients' dentist and haematologist is needed. Dental consultation is essential for diagnosis and improvement of medical conditions. It is possible to obtain adequate oral hygiene with limited performance and haematologic disorders are not handicaps for dental/periodontal procedures under the proper circumstances.
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Pervin Imirzalioğlu, Sina Uçkan, Nurhan Güler, Ayşegül Haberal, Duygu Uçkan (2009)  Synovial apoptosis in temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108: 5. 693-698 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our hypothesis is that increased apoptosis in synovium might contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) degeneration. To investigate this, we measured soluble Fas (sFas) and nuclear matrix protein (NMP) levels in TMJ synovial fluid from patients with disc displacement without reduction as indicators of apoptosis in the synovium. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Synovial fluid was obtained from 17 joints in 17 patients (11 female, 6 male; mean age, 31.5 +/- 11.9 years; range, 19 to 55). Patients were referred to our clinic because of limited mouth opening, joint sounds, or TMJ pain. Synovial fluid obtained by arthrocentesis for therapeutic reasons was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for APO-1/Fas and cell death detection (NMP). RESULTS: We studied 12 left (71%) and 5 right (29%) joints with disc displacement without reduction. The chief complaint was pain on the affected side and limited mouth opening. Only 2 patients had a click in the affected joint, whereas 14 reported pain and 17 had the limited mouth opening. All patients experienced a significant (P < .01) increase in maximal mouth opening immediately after arthrocentesis. Mean sFas and NMP levels were 484.9 +/- 466.7 pg/mL (range, 17 to 1501) and 29.2 +/- 13.7 U/mL (range, 8 to 52.8) respectively. CONCLUSION: Considering reports that increased sFas blocks apoptosis by inhibiting binding of FasL to Fas on the cell membrane, low level of sFas in our patients' synovial fluid (compared with amounts reported in joint inflammation or degeneration) suggests vulnerability to apoptosis in patients with internal derangement.
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Esra Guzeldemir, Hilal Uslu Toygar, Bahar Tasdelen, Dilek Torun (2009)  Oral health-related quality of life and periodontal health status in patients undergoing hemodialysis.   J Am Dent Assoc 140: 10. 1283-1293 Oct  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional concept regarding quality of life (QOL) as it relates specifically to health and disease. The effect of ongoing hemodialysis on a person's oral health can be determined by clinical variables, but these do not reflect the person's perception of health versus illness. The authors conducted a study to determine the periodontal status, attitude toward oral health and self-perceived oral health in patients undergoing hemodialysis, as well as to evaluate the effect of oral health on QOL within this group. METHODS: Patients undergoing hemodialysis were evaluated for socio-demographic and periodontal variables. The authors evaluated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) by means of the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). They measured perceived oral health by asking a single question. RESULTS: The study involved 47 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Plaque index score, gingival index score, probing depth and bleeding-on-probing status were 2.21 +/- 0.66, 1.24 +/- 0.77, 2.17 millimeters +/- 0.53 mm and 33.51 percent +/- 24.58 percent, respectively. Participants reported being uncomfortable when eating or swallowing. Participants reported being sensitive to hot or cold (69.8 percent), having a worse sense of taste (90.8 percent) and having painful aching in the mouth (72.1 percent). The mean OHIP-14 and GOHAI scores were 19.40 +/- 7.74 and 15.72 +/- 8.68, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The self-perceived health of 72.7 percent of participants undergoing hemodialysis was fair or poor, and the impact of OHRQOL was moderate, which means that oral health was not a major concern. These results underscore the importance of using subjective and self-reported oral assessments to determine more convenient and satisfying treatment approaches for each patient. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should use oral health assessment tools to determine individual treatment and approaches to promote the oral health of patients undergoing hemodialysis and improve their QOL.
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2008
S Burcak Cehreli, Aylin O Gurpinar, Ali M Onur, Fugen Tasman Dagli (2008)  In vitro evaluation of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate as a potential tooth transport medium: viability and apoptosis in L929 fibroblasts.   Dent Traumatol 24: 3. 314-319 Jun  
Abstract: Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) are derived from casein, which accounts for 80% of the total protein in bovine milk . The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential use of a CPP-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) preparation as a transport medium for avulsed teeth. L929 fibroblastic cell line was plated in 24-well culture plates. Following incubation, the cells were treated with 10(-3), 10(-4), 10(-6), 10(-8), 10(-12) dilutions of a water-based CPP-ACP paste (Tooth Mousse, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Untreated cells served as controls. The L929 cells were counted at the 1st, 3rd and 7th days. Propidium iodide/acridine orange staining was used to assess apoptosis of treated cells and of the positive control. For each concentration (dilution), statistical analysis of cell survival within time was performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, P = 0.05). One way ANOVA and Tukey tests were applied to compare the effect of different concentrations on cell survival at each evaluation day (P = 0.05). Except for the 10(-3) and 10(-4) dilutions, all groups demonstrated an increase in cell numbers at days 1 and 3, followed by a decrease at day 7. Irrespective of the increase or decrease in cell viability, time-dependent changes for each dilution group were significantly different. Cells in the 10(-3) and 10(-4) dilution groups demonstrated a rapid apoptotic response. A relatively few number of apoptotic cells were observed in the 10(-6) and 10(-8) dilution groups, while no sign of apoptosis was evident in the 10(-12) dilution group and control. These results suggest that when highly diluted, the tested CPP-ACP preparation may help preserve L929 cell viability in the short term without inducing apoptosis.
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Yonca Korkmaz, Meserret Baseren (2008)  Effect of antibacterial varnishes applied to root dentin on shear bond strength of tooth-colored restorative materials.   Oper Dent 33: 1. 65-71 Jan/Feb  
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of certain varnishes on the bond strength of different tooth-colored restorative materials applied to root dentin. One-hundred and eighty tooth slabs, including mesial and distal surfaces, were attained through dividing the teeth, then embedding them in methylmethacrylate. The root surfaces were ground flat through cementum, exposing the dentin. The samples were then randomly divided into three main groups: Group 1: Cervitec; Group 2: Fluor Protector and Group 3: No applications (control). Cervitec and Fluor Protector were applied to the root dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions. All the samples were kept in artificial saliva for six months. Each main group was subdivided into five groups of 12 teeth each: Group A: Flowable Resin Composite (Grandio Flow); Group B: Microhybrid Resin Composite (Artemis); Group C: Polyacid Modified Resin Composite (Dyract Extra); Group D: Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (Vitremer) and Group E: Conventional Glass-Ionomer Cement (Ionofil Molar). Restorative materials were applied to the root dentin surfaces using a cylindrical mold. After thermocycling (1000 cycles, 5 degrees C/55 degrees C, dwell time 30 seconds), the shear bond strength of the restored samples was determined by a universal testing machine (Zwick Test Machine, Zwick GmbH & Co, Ulm, Germany) at a 5 mm/minute crosshead speed. Failure mode was determined under a stereomicroscope. The data were evaluated statistically by using one-way Analysis of Variance and Duncan tests (p< or =0.05). In the fluoride varnish group, all of the restorative materials except for Ionofil Molar, showed lower bond strengths when compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the Cervitec group, Artemis and Dyract Extra showed lower bond strengths; whereas, Ionofil Molar showed a higher bond strength than the control group (p<0.05). The highest percentage of cohesive fracture was observed in Artemis and Dyract Extra in the control group.
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Yonca Korkmaz, Emre Ozel, Nuray Attar, Gokhan Aksoy (2008)  The influence of one-step polishing systems on the surface roughness and microhardness of nanocomposites.   Oper Dent 33: 1. 44-50 Jan/Feb  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study evaluated the surface roughness and microhardness of nanocomposites that contain nanoparticles and a microhybrid composite finished and polished with two different one-step polishing systems and a conventional multi-step polishing system. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The materials evaluated were Filtek Supreme XT, Grandio, Ceram X, Aelite Aesthetic Enamel, Tetric EvoCeram and Filtek Z250. A total of 240 specimens (10-mm in diameter, 2 mm thick) were fabricated for both tests (n=120 each test) in a plexiglass mold covered with a Mylar strip. After polymerization, five specimens per group received no polishing treatment and served as the control for both tests. For each composite group (n=15), the specimens were randomly divided into three polishing systems: PoGo, OptraPol and Sof-Lex. All polishing systems were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions after being ground wet with 1200 grid silicon carbide paper. The surface roughness values were determined using a profilometer. The microhardness measurements were performed using a digital microhardness tester (load 500 g; dwell time 15 seconds). The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05 for both tests. Multiple comparison was performed with the Duncan Multiple Range test. RESULTS: The smoothest surfaces were achieved under Mylar strips in all composite groups (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between polishing systems in the Filtek Supreme XT, Ceram X, Aelite Aesthetic Enamel and Grandio groups for surface roughness (p>0.05). In the Tetric EvoCeram group, Sof-Lex exhibited the highest roughness values. No statistically significant differences were evaluated between polishing systems (p>0.05); whereas, the surfaces under Mylar Strip showed statistically significant lower values than the polished surfaces in terms of microhardness (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: One-step polishing systems may be successfully used for polishing nanocomposites.
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Zafer Ozgür Pektas, Beyza Hancioglu Kircelli, Burak Bayram, Cem Kircelli, Sina Uckan (2008)  Alveolar cleft closure by distraction osteogenesis with skeletal anchorage during consolidation.   Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 23: 1. 147-152 Jan/Feb  
Abstract: Intraoral distraction osteogenesis (DO) has been widely used for the reconstruction of various dentoalveolar defects. However, its use in the management of alveolar clefts is relatively new. This method allows the closure of the cleft via the regeneration of new alveolar bone and attached gingiva through the distraction of a dento-osseous segment. It eliminates the need for a donor site for autogenous bone grafting and possible graft failure. However, the relatively long consolidation period required for the use of intraoral DO devices may result in soft tissue irritation that would compromise patient cooperation, especially in children. In the case presented, the intraoral DO technique was used for the treatment of a unilateral residual alveolar cleft and an implant was subsequently placed in the regenerated bone. A miniplate was also placed to serve as a skeletal anchor to enable the early removal of the distractor device. The distractor was removed before the beginning of the consolidation phase.
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Selim Erkut, Kamran Gulsahi, Alper Caglar, Pervin Imirzalioglu, Vistasp M Karbhari, Ilknur Ozmen (2008)  Microleakage in overflared root canals restored with different fiber reinforced dowels.   Oper Dent 33: 1. 96-105 Jan/Feb  
Abstract: This study evaluated microleakage in overflared root canals restored with four different types of adhesively-luted fiber-reinforced dowels: DT Light Post (LP), Glassix (GL), Ribbond (RB) and StickTech Post (ST). Forty non-carious, single-rooted mandibular human premolars with straight root canals were prepared using a step-back technique and obturated with gutta-percha using lateral condensation. The restored roots were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). The root canals were overprepared, creating an overflared dowel space, and each dowel was adhesively luted using a total-etched adhesive (Single Bond) and dual-polymerizing luting agent (RelyX ARC). All specimens were thermal cycled 1000 times between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C and stored in 2% methylene-blue solution for one week. The teeth were cut horizontally into three consecutive sections: apical (A), middle (M) and coronal (C). Each section was digitally photographed from the occlusal direction under a stereomicroscope. The images were transferred to a PC and stored in TIFF format. For each image, dye penetration was estimated as the ratio of methylene-blue-infiltrated surface divided by total dentin surfaces. The data were compared and statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<.05). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compute multiple pairwise comparisons to determine differences between the experimental groups (p=.083). Dentin-luting agent fiber-reinforced dowel (FRD) interfaces were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed detachment of the luting resin from the dentin surface in varying degrees in all specimens evaluated. All groups showed considerable leakage at the sections evaluated. Significant differences were demonstrated between LP-RB for the apical and middle sections and between GL-RB, LP-RB and ST-RB for the coronal sections (p<.0083). Among the FRDs evaluated, the individually shaped polyethylene-reinforced dowel (Ribbond) showed the least overall leakage.
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Beyza Hancioglu Kircelli, Zafer Ozgür Pektas (2008)  Midfacial protraction with skeletally anchored face mask therapy: a novel approach and preliminary results.   Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 133: 3. 440-449 Mar  
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of facemask treatment with a rigid skeletal anchor. METHODS: Miniplates were placed on the lateral nasal wall of the maxilla in 6 subjects (mean age, 11.8 +/- 1.1 years). No dental tissue was incorporated into the anchorage system. Lateral cephalograms of each patient were evaluated at the beginning of treatment (T1), at the end of active treatment (T2), and at the end of follow-up (T3). RESULTS: In the horizontal plane, mean A-point movement was 4.8 +/- 2.0 mm in a mean of 10.8 +/- 2.4 months. The infraorbital region showed significant anterior movement (mean, 3.3 +/- 1.1 mm) at T2. At T3, advancement of the maxilla and the infraorbital region was well maintained (mean follow-up time, 15.2 +/- 0.9 months). Miniplate stability was excellent in all patients throughout treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Remarkable advancement in the middle face and consequent fullness in the soft-tissue profile can be achieved by using skeletal anchorage in conjunction with facemask therapy in the late mixed-dentition period.
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A Gulsahi, B Yüzügüllü, P Imirzalioglu, Y Genç (2008)  Assessment of panoramic radiomorphometric indices in Turkish patients of different age groups, gender and dental status.   Dentomaxillofac Radiol 37: 5. 288-292 Jul  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of the appearance of the inferior mandibular cortex (Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI)) in a large Turkish population group and to assess a range of values for cortical width at the mental foramen region (Mental Index (MI)) and the ratio of the thickness of the mandibular cortex to the distance between the inferior margin of the mental foramen and the inferior mandibular cortex (Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI)) according to the MCI. In addition, we assess how age, sex and dental status affected the MCI. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 1,863 patients, 698 (37.5%) men and 1,165 (62.5%) women over 20 years old, were assessed during 2005-2006 from the files of Baskent University. Gender, age and dental status were recorded for each patient. MCI classifications, MI and PMI values in the MCI groups were evaluated and comparisons were made using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with patients aged 20-49 years, the likelihood of MCI C3 category in patients over 70 years of age and in patients aged 50-69 years of age was 79.14 and 9.17 times higher. The likelihood of the C3 category in edentulous and partially dentate patients was 27.30 and 2.68 times higher than in fully dentate patients, respectively. The likelihood of C3 category in patients with MI <3 mm was 14.86 times higher than in patients with MI >or=3 mm; also, in patients with a PMI of <0.30 this likelihood was 9.78 times higher than in patients with a PMI of >or=0.30. CONCLUSION: Without respect to gender, edentulous patients with C3 category, MI <3 mm and PMI <0.30 may be seen as high-risk patients for osteoporosis and therefore should be referred for further osteoporosis investigation.
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Esra Guzeldemir, Meral Gunhan, Onur Ozcelik, Hakki Tastan (2008)  Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with localized aggressive periodontitis.   J Oral Sci 50: 2. 151-159 Jun  
Abstract: Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is a complex multifactorial periodontal disease to which genetic factors are thought to predispose individuals. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are potent immunomodulators and proinflammatory cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases and proposed to be risk factors for LAgP. Our aim was to investigate IL-1 alpha (+4845), IL-1 beta (+3954), and TNF-alpha (-308) gene polymorphisms in Turkish LAgP patients. We genotyped 31 LAgP patients and 31 healthy controls for IL-1alpha(+4845), IL-1beta(+3954), and TNF-alpha(-308) using standard PCR amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. Higher prevalence of heterozygosity for IL-1alpha(+4845) was found in cases (65%) when compared to controls (35%) (P < 0.05). While homozygous allele 1 of IL-1beta(+3954) was the most frequent genotype in cases (62%), no controls were homozygous for this allele (P < 0.001). Homozygous allele 1 was the most common TNF-alpha genotype in both groups, however no significant difference in TNF-alpha genotypes was found between groups. In conclusion, in this Turkish population, susceptibility to LAgP is increased by heterozygosity for allele 1 of IL-1alpha(+4845) or homozygosity for allele 1 of IL-1beta(R+3954). Moreover, IL-1 gene polymorphisms appear to have a role in susceptibility to LAgP, and the above-mentioned genotypes could be an important risk factor for LAgP in the Turkish population.
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Bulem Yüzügüllü, Omür Polat, Mete Ungör (2008)  Multidisciplinary approach to traumatized teeth: a case report.   Dent Traumatol 24: 5. e27-e30 Oct  
Abstract: Treatment of crown fractures often requires a multidisciplinary approach. In the anterior teeth, reestablishment of proper esthetics and function is quite important for the patient. However, crown-root fractures with fracture line below the gingival attachment or alveolar bone crest presents restorative difficulties. This case report presents a cervical tooth fracture that had been treated with minimal invasive approach with different disciplines. The tooth had endodontic treatment and a glass-fiber post, and a composite core was accomplished. Then, the tooth was extruded to the desired level with orthodontic forced eruption before definitive restoration.
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Bulem Yüzügüllü, Yalçin Ciftçi, Gülbin Saygili, Senay Canay (2008)  Diametral tensile and compressive strengths of several types of core materials.   J Prosthodont 17: 2. 102-107 Feb  
Abstract: PURPOSE: Compressive and diametral tensile strengths (DTSs) of core materials are thought to be important, because cores usually replace a large bulk of tooth structure and should provide sufficient strength to resist intraoral tensile and compressive forces. This study was undertaken to compare the mechanical properties of materials used for direct core foundations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The differences between the compressive and DTSs of six core materials, including Duralloy (high-copper amalgam), Grandio (visible light-cured nanohybrid resin composite), Admira (organically modified ceramic), Filtek P60 (packable composite resin), Rebilda DC (dual-cure adhesive core material), and Argion Molar (silver-reinforced glass ionomer cement), were tested. A total of 120 specimens, half for the compressive strength (CS) test (6 mm in height, 4 mm in diameter) and the other half for the DTS test (6 mm in diameter, 3 mm in thickness), were prepared. The specimens were stored at room temperature in distilled water for 7 days. The Lloyd testing machine was used to load the specimens at a crosshead speed 0.5 cm/min, and the strength values were determined in MPa. RESULTS: The compressive and DTS test values (in MPa), respectively, of the materials were: Admira (361, 44); Filtek P60 (331, 55); Grandio (294, 53); Rebilda DC (279, 42); Duralloy (184, 40); and Argion Molar (107, 9). Kruskal-Wallis test was computed, and multiple comparisons test discerned many differences among materials (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Packable composite resin (Filtek P60), visible light cured nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio), and organically-modified ceramic (Admira) had higher compressive and DTS values than the other materials.
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F Veziroglu, D Yilmaz (2008)  Biomechanical evaluation of the consolidation period of alveolar distraction osteogenesis with three-dimensional finite element analysis.   Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37: 5. 448-452 May  
Abstract: In this study, three-dimensional (3D) modeling and finite element analysis were used to determine the optimum consolidation period for implant loading under forces of different directions and amounts after alveolar distraction osteogenesis. A 3D model of an atrophic edentulous alveolar crest was prepared. Distraction osteogenesis with the required bone height was simulated. After a consolidation period of 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks, horizontal, vertical and oblique forces were applied to the conical endosseous implants embedded in the distracted bone. The effects of loading on the distracted cortical bone and the callus were evaluated in the 3D models by finite element analysis. To determine the appropriate consolidation period, displacement, Von Mises stress, principal maximum and minimum stress, and principal maximum and minimum elastic strain values were evaluated. After the 8th week of the study, the callus distributed the corresponding loads homogeneously, and displacement in the distracted cortical bone after distraction osteogenesis was minimal. This result suggests that the ideal timing for implantation is after 8 weeks, and earlier attempts at implantation may lead to unsuccessful results.
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Sevinc Karan, Mustafa Serdar Toroglu (2008)  Porcelain refinishing with two different polishing systems after orthodontic debonding.   Angle Orthod 78: 5. 947-953 Sep  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of two polishing systems on the surface roughness of three types of porcelain after orthodontic debonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 porcelain discs were fabricated from feldspathic (n = 30), leucite-based (n = 30) or lithia disilicate-based (n = 30) ceramics. Ten samples in each group served as the control and received no surface treatment. The remaining 60 samples in three of the porcelain groups were bonded with lower incisor brackets and debonded using a testing machine in shear mode at a rate of 1 mm/minute crosshead speed. After debonding, the remaining adhesive resin was removed with a tungsten carbide bur. Then, two experimental subgroups (10 each) in each porcelain group were treated as follows: in the first subgroup, porcelain polishing wheel and polishing paste were applied, whereas in the second, polishing was performed using a series of Sof-Lex discs. The average surface roughness (Ra) of the all samples was evaluated using SPM/AFM (surface probe microscope/atomic force microscope). Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance for each porcelain material and polishing method. RESULTS: The polishing techniques affected surface roughness significantly. There were significant differences between the groups; higher Ra values were obtained with the use of porcelain polishing wheel and polishing paste (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The application of Sof-Lex discs can produce smoother porcelain surfaces than porcelain polishing wheel and polishing paste.
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Yonca Korkmaz, Emel Olga Onay, Emre Ozel, Mete Ungor (2008)  Sealing capacity of a flowable composite, as a protective base, with different conditioning methods in nonvital bleaching.   Photomed Laser Surg 26: 4. 355-359 Aug  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the microleakage of a nano-flowable composite used as a protective base, applied with different conditioning methods in nonvital bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty root-filled teeth were divided into four treatment groups (n = 10 per group): group 1--Er:YAG laser etching + Adper Single Bond 2; group 2-37% phosphoric acid + Adper Single Bond 2; group 3--Adper Prompt L-Pop; and group 4--No treatment. A nano-flowable composite (Filtek Supreme Flow) base was used in each group. For a 24-h period, 40% hydrogen peroxide solution was applied to the pulp chambers, and they were subsequently subjected to a dye (silver nitrate) challenge for 4 h. After the dye was washed out with water, each tooth was cut in half and both halves were exposed to sunlight for 2 h to promote oxidation of the dye, turning it black. Finally the sections were examined under 4x magnification to determine the degree of leakage as assessed with a four-point scale. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups 1, 2, and 3 (p > 0.05), but the teeth in group 4 had significantly higher microleakage scores than the teeth in the other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Self-etching adhesive application, Er:YAG laser etching, and phosphoric acid etching combined with an adhesive system all showed similar microleakge scores when a nano-flowable composite was applied as a protective base in nonvital bleaching.
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Tuncer Burak Ozcelik, Zafer Ozgur Pektas (2008)  Management of chronic unilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation with a mandibular guidance prosthesis: a clinical report.   J Prosthet Dent 99: 2. 95-100 Feb  
Abstract: Recurrent or chronic dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is relatively rare and often results in facial asymmetry, impairment of function, and discomfort. Although manual reduction is the primary choice of treatment, patients presenting with recurrent or prolonged dislocations require conservative and surgical methods to limit forward movement of the mandibular condyle. This clinical report presents a 75-year-old woman with severe mandibular deviation and subsequent facial asymmetry caused by a chronic unilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation that was treated with a mandibular guidance prosthesis combined with physical therapy.
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Firdevs Veziroglu, Sina Uckan, Utku Ahmet Ozden, Ayca Arman (2008)  Stability of zygomatic plate-screw orthodontic anchorage system: a finite element analysis.   Angle Orthod 78: 5. 902-907 Sep  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of a standard and a newly designed plate-screw orthodontic anchorage system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-dimensional model of the posterior maxilla, including the zygomatic buttress region, was prepared. Insertion of standard and newly designed plates was simulated on the three-dimensional model. The effect of 200 g of orthodontic force on the plate, screws, and zygomatic bone was evaluated in three-dimensional models by finite element analysis. To determine the force distribution, Von Mises stress, principal maximum and minimum stress, and principal maximum and minimum elastic strain values were evaluated. RESULTS: In all plate models the highest stresses occurred on the threaded bone site where the force application unit was attached. CONCLUSION: Changing the plate configuration did not affect the stress distribution in the newly designed plates. To equalize the force distribution, new plate designs that change the location of the force application unit are required.
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Omür Polat-Ozsoy, Beyza Hancioğlu Kircelli, Ayça Arman-Ozçirpici, Z Ozgür Pektaş, Sina Uçkan (2008)  Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage.   Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 133: 3. 339.e9-339.e17 Mar  
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects obtained with 2 types of pendulum appliance with different anchorage designs: bone-anchored pendulum appliance (BAPA) and conventional pendulum appliance (CPA). METHODS: The sample consisted of 39 patients (25 girls, 14 boys) with Angle Class II molar relationships. Correction of the molar relationship was achieved with the BAPA with palatal intermaxillary fixation screws for anchorage in the first group (n = 22) and with the CPA in the second group (n = 17). Lateral cephalograms before treatment and at the end of distalization were measured, and changes in the groups and the differences between the groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The average distalization times were 6.8 months for the BAPA group and 5.1 months for the CPA group. The maxillary first molars were tipped 9.1 degrees in the BAPA group and 5.3 degrees in the CPA group; the molars moved distally 4.8 mm in the BAPA group and 2.7 mm in the CPA group. Despite mesialization of the premolars and proclination of the incisors with the CPA, both premolars were spontaneously distalized, and the incisors were retruded with the BAPA. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of distal molar movement was similar between the BAPA and the CPA. No anchorage loss or spontaneous distal premolar and incisor movement, which might decrease total treatment time, was seen with the BAPA.
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Tuncer Burak Ozcelik, Burak Yilmaz, Isil Ozcan, Cem Kircelli (2008)  Colorimetric analysis of opaque porcelain fired to different base metal alloys used in metal ceramic restorations.   J Prosthet Dent 99: 3. 193-202 Mar  
Abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The popularity of base metal alloys has considerably increased in recent years because of their superior mechanical properties as well as the high cost of noble alloys. However, there is disagreement about their effect on the opaque porcelain color and the color differences among base metal alloys. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine and compare the influence of various commercially available base metal alloys (excluding titanium-based systems) on the resulting color of opaque porcelain with the use of a colorimetric device. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen different types of Ni-Cr and 3 different types of Co-Cr porcelain bonding alloys were selected with a Au-Pd alloy (V-Delta SF) as the control group for colorimetric measurements and determination of color shift after opaque application. Shade B1 of an opaque porcelain (IPS d.SIGN Opaquer) was applied (0.1 mm) to all specimens (16 mm x 1 mm). The color coordinates of each specimen were measured with a chromameter. The data were displayed in L*, a*, and b* values according to the CIELAB system, and the color differences (DeltaE) between base metal alloys and the control group were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA (alpha=.05). The ANOVA was followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test for comparisons with the control group to determine specifically which groups were significantly different from the control group. RESULTS: The L* value of only 1 base metal alloy was significantly different from the control group (P<.001). All base metal alloy groups except 3 had a* values which were significantly different from the control group a* value (P=.001 for Rexillium III, P=.008 for Heracles N, and P<.001 for the remaining 12 alloys), whereas only 3 base metal alloys were not statistically significantly different from the control group in the means of b* values (P<.001). All base metal alloys to which opaque porcelain was applied had significantly different DeltaE values in comparison with the control group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The data of the study indicated that a 0.1-mm-thick layer of opaque porcelain applied on the Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloys did not reliably reproduce the color of opaque porcelain. However, within the limitations of this study, the color differences of base metal alloys measured according to the control group are within clinically acceptable limits (DeltaE<3.5).
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Defne Keçik, Sevi Burçak Cehreli, Cağla Sar, Bahtiyar Unver (2008)  Effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate application on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.   Angle Orthod 78: 1. 129-133 Jan  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a recently introduced prophylactic agent, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), on shear bond strength of brackets and compare it with the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight freshly extracted mandibular bovine incisors were used. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12) as follows: group 1 served as control, and no pretreatment was performed on the enamel; group 2, enamel was treated with 1.23% APF and CPP-ACP, respectively; group 3, enamel was treated with CPP-ACP; and group 4, enamel was treated with 1.23% APF for 4 minutes. In all groups, brackets were bonded using a conventional acid-etch and bond system (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Bonded specimens were first stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, subjected to thermal cycling for 1000 cycles, and further stored in distilled water for 6 weeks before debonding procedures. After debonding, teeth and brackets were examined under a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification for any adhesive remaining, in accordance with the modified adhesive remnant index. RESULTS: The shear bond strengths of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < .01). There was no significant difference between the shear bond strengths of the experimental groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The use of CPP-ACP either alone or combined with APF could be considered as an alternative prophylactic application in orthodontic practice since it did not compromise bracket bond strength.
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K Gulsahi, A Gulsahi, M Ungor, Y Genc (2008)  Frequency of root-filled teeth and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult Turkish population.   Int Endod J 41: 1. 78-85 Jan  
Abstract: AIM: To report the frequency and distribution of root-filled teeth as well as the prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult population in Turkey. SUMMARY: Digital panoramic radiographs of 1000 patients who were examined at the Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry between December 2004 and May 2005 were evaluated. Patients ageing <15 years and those with less than nine remaining teeth were excluded. The coronal and periapical status of all the teeth with the exception of third molars was examined according to the criteria proposed by De Moor et al. (2000). Statistical analysis was performed with the Rao and Scott adjusted chi-square test for the comparison of clustered binary data. In all, 24 433 teeth were examined. A total of 346 teeth (1.4%) had radiographic signs of apical periodontitis, and 812 were root filled (3.3%). Of the 812 root-filled teeth, 148 (18.2%) had apical periodontitis. Of the 23,621 nonroot-filled teeth, 198 (0.8%) had apical periodontitis. The number of root-filled teeth in male subjects was significantly less than that in female subjects (P < 0.001), but the presence of apical periodontitis in male subjects was significantly higher than that in female subjects (P < 0.05). KEY LEARNING POINTS: * The prevalence of apical periodontitis and the frequency of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis were lower than in comparable populations in other countries. * The number of root-filled teeth was comparable to that found in other epidemiologic studies.
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Omur Polat-Ozsoy, Aylin Gokcelik, Ahu Güngör-Acar, Beyza Hancioglu Kircelli (2008)  Soft tissue profile after distal molar movement with a pendulum K-loop appliance versus cervical headgear.   Angle Orthod 78: 2. 317-323 Mar  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the soft tissue changes associated with the pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally and to compare these treatment changes with a cervical headgear group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 30 patients having skeletal Class I, dental Class II malocclusions were divided to two groups. Group 1 consisted of 7 girls, 8 boys (mean age, 15.0 +/- 3.4 years), and Group 2 consisted of 10 girls, 5 boys (mean age 14.2 +/- 2.9 years). The first group was treated with a pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally, and the second group was treated with cervical headgear. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the beginning of treatment and at the end of distal molar movement. Treatment changes within the groups were analyzed using the paired t-test, and between group changes were analyzed with the independent t-test. RESULTS: The results showed that the pendulum/K-loop appliance had no significant effect on skeletal and dental variables and soft tissue A point, upper lip thickness, and sagittal upper lip position relative to the E plane. A significant difference for the change in Vp-Ls distance was found in patients in the pendulum/K-loop group (P < .05). Patients in the cervical headgear group showed significant retrusion in skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The pendulum/K-loop appliance produces distal molar movement without causing any significant changes in the sagittal or vertical positions of either the jaw or the soft tissue profile.
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Esra Guzeldemir, Hilal Uslu Toygar, Ulkem Cilasun (2008)  Pain perception and anxiety during scaling in periodontally healthy subjects.   J Periodontol 79: 12. 2247-2255 Dec  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental pain, anxiety, and fear may result in avoiding dental treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate patients' pain perception during scaling and its relationship with dental anxiety. METHODS: One hundred thirteen patients (72 women and 41 men; mean age, 35.59 +/- 9.28 years) participated. Pain levels after scaling were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and an anxiety questionnaire consisting of seven questions, each with five possible answers. RESULTS: The patients were asked to indicate their pain level on a 100-mm VAS, and the mean VAS score was 19.91 +/- 17.76 mm. No age and gender differences with regard to pain perception were found. VAS scores were significantly higher in non-smokers (P <0.001); there was a slightly significant relationship between smoking and pain (0.264; P <0.05). The anxiety score ranged from 7 to 35; the mean anxiety score was 14.00 +/- 5.30 (range, 7 to 29). The anxiety score was significantly higher in women (P <0.001). The only question correlated with pain during scaling in men was, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" (0.322; P = 0.040). Scores for patients aged 29 to 39 years were significantly higher than scores for those aged 51 to 61 years (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although most patients experienced limited pain during scaling, a significant relationship was found between pain and smoking. Women and patients aged 30 to 40 years are likely to be more anxious during scaling. The question, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" may not adequately cover all aspects of anxiety for patients' experience of pain during scaling. Clinicians should determine individual treatment approaches to reduce patients' fear, pain, and anxiety related to scaling.
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Omür Polat-Ozsoy, Kamran Gülsahi, Firdevs Veziroğlu (2008)  Treatment of horizontal root-fractured maxillary incisors--a case report.   Dent Traumatol 24: 6. e91-e95 Dec  
Abstract: Traumatic dental injuries often occur to the teeth and their supporting tissues and they are the main reasons for emergency visit to a dental clinic. Management of a fracture depends on its position and the extent of root involvement. Horizontal root fractures are not seen frequently and the treatment consists of reduction and long-term rigid fixation of the coronal segment. The present case demonstrates the successful management of two horizontally fractured maxillary central incisors with a follow-up period of 9 months.
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Omür Polat-Ozsoy (2008)  The use of intraosseous screw for upper molar distalization: a case report.   Eur J Dent 2: 2. 115-121 Apr  
Abstract: The use of implants has made a major change in orthodontic treatment mechanics. They have replaced conventional unaesthetic and compliance dependent extraoral appliances with well accepted intraoral mechanics. Implants can be used in molar and canine distalization, intrusion and in extraoral force applications. In the present case report, treatment of a case using an intermaxillary fixation screw (IMF) will be presented. The treatment results will be evaluated using pretreatment, post distalization and post treatment cephalometric radiographs and dental casts.
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Cigdem Celik, Bulem Yuzugullu, Selim Erkut, Kıvanc Yamanel (2008)  Effects of Mouth Rinses on Color Stability of Resin Composites.   Eur J Dent 2: 247-253 Oct  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 commercially available mouth rinses on the color stability of 4 different resin-based composite restorative materials. METHODS: Forty disc-shaped specimens (10x2 mm) were prepared from each of the following materials: A nanofill composite Filtek Supreme XT (3M/Espe, St. Paul, MN, USA); a packable low-shrinkage composite, AeliteLS Packable (BISCO, Inc, Shaumburg, IL, USA); nanoceramic composite resin Ceram-X (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); a microhybrid composite, and Aelite All-Purpose Body (BISCO). The specimens were then incubated in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured with a colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale. After baseline color measurements, 10 randomly selected specimens from each group were immersed in 1 of the 3 mouth rinses and distilled water as control. The specimens were stored in 20 mL of each mouth rinse (Oral B Alcohol-free, Listerine Tooth Defense Anti-cavity Fluoride Rinse and Klorhex) for 12 hours. After immersion, the color values of all specimens were remeasured, and the color change value DeltaE*ab was calculated. Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance at a significance level of .05. RESULTS: All specimens displayed color changes after immersion, and there was a statistically significant difference among restorative materials and mouth rinses (P<.05); however, the change was not visually perceptible (DeltaE*ab<3.3). The interaction between the effect of mouth rinses and type of restorative materials was not statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that although visually nonperceptible, all resin restorative materials tested showed a color difference after immersion in different mouth rinses.
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Yasemin Genc, Kamran Gulsahi, Ayse Gulsahi, Yalcin Yavuz, Aysun Cetinyurek, Mete Ungor, Meltem Col (2008)  Assessment of possible risk indicators for apical periodontitis in root-filled teeth in an adult Turkish population.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 106: 4. e72-e77 Oct  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine possible independent risk indicators of apical periodontitis (AP) in root-filled teeth in an adult Turkish population. STUDY DESIGN: This study included subjects older than 15 years who had 1 or more root-filled teeth examined at the Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry. A total of 812 root-filled teeth were evaluated in 425 individuals. AP was the dependent variable and age, gender, length and density of root fillings, presence of periodontal problems, posts, localization of tooth, and tooth type were identified as independent variables. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS: AP was detected on 148 teeth (18.2%) in 812 root-filled teeth. According to multiple GEE model, males were more likely to have AP than females. Of the dental variables, length of root fillings, periodontal problems and tooth type were significantly associated with AP. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that to be male and dental variables including length of root fillings, periodontal problems, and molar teeth were significantly associated with AP.
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Emre Ozel, Yonca Korkmaz, Nuray Attar, Erdem Karabulut (2008)  Effect of one-step polishing systems on surface roughness of different flowable restorative materials.   Dent Mater J 27: 6. 755-764 Nov  
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of one-step polishing systems on the surface roughness of different flowable composites and a microhybrid composite. A total of 120 disks were fabricated and divided into six groups according to the different composite restorative materials tested (n = 20). Each group was further divided into four subgroups according to the polishing system (n = 5). For the control group, samples were left undisturbed after removal of Mylar strip. For the other three subgroups, samples were polished with PoGo, OptraPol, or Sof-Lex disks. Surface roughness was determined using a profilometer and observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. For Tetric Flow, Grandio Flow, Filtek Supreme XT Flow, and Admira Flow, their lowest surface roughness values were obtained in Mylar Strip and PoGo groups. For Compoglass Flow, there were no significant differences between Mylar Strip, PoGo, and OptraPol. For Filtek Z250, the lowest surface roughness value was obtained with Mylar Strip. In light of the surface roughness results obtained, one-step polishing systems seemed to be a good choice for polishing flowable composites.
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Hilal Uslu Toygar, Beyza Hancioglu Kircelli, Sule Bulut, Nurzen Sezgin, Bahar Tasdelen (2008)  Osteoprotegerin in gingival crevicular fluid under long-term continuous orthodontic force application.   Angle Orthod 78: 6. 988-993 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients (13-17 years of age) requiring canine distalization participated in the study. GCF sampling was done at baseline, 1 hour, 24 hours, 168 hours, 1 month, and 3 months from the distal sites of the test and with control teeth after the application of mechanical stress. OPG concentration was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: OPG concentrations in distal sites of the test teeth were decreased in a time-dependent manner. Decreasing is significant when compared with the baseline measurements (P = .038). Variability was detected in the levels of OPG concentration in the distal sites of the control tooth throughout the experimental period. CONCLUSION: OPG is one of the key mediators responsible for alveolar bone remodeling during tooth movement.
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Kivanc Serefhanoglu, Yasar Bayindir, Yasemin Ersoy, Kubilay Isik, Suleyman Savas Hacievliyagil, Songul Serefhanoglu (2008)  Septic pulmonary embolism secondary to dental focus.   Quintessence Int 39: 9. 753-756 Oct  
Abstract: A 24-year-old female was admitted to an infectious diseases unit with complaints of dyspnea and fever. She had suffered from multiple episodes of fever for 1 year. The diagnostic workup revealed multiple pulmonary nodules on the chest CT scan, suggesting septic pulmonary embolism, and a periapical abscess around the maxillary right central incisor. Because no other infectious source was found and resolution of the fever and the pulmonary lesions occurred only after extraction of the affected tooth and antibiotic therapy, the condition was diagnosed as a periapical abscess complicated by septic pulmonary embolism.
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Sina Uckan, Firdevs Veziroglu, Emre Dayangac (2008)  Alveolar distraction osteogenesis versus autogenous onlay bone grafting for alveolar ridge augmentation: Technique, complications, and implant survival rates.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 106: 4. 511-515 Oct  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to define the techniques and compare the complications and implant survival rates in localized alveolar deficiencies reconstructed by alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO) or autogenous onlay bone grafting (ABG). Thirty-six patients were treated with ADO or ABG harvested from the mandibular ramus. Twenty-four distractions in 22 patients (ADO group) and 18 ramus grafts in 14 patients (ABG group) were performed. Complications and implant survival rates were evaluated. The overall complication rates were 66.8% and 38.8% in the ADO and the ABG groups, respectively. Implant survival rates were 91.4% and 93.7% in the ADO and the ABG groups, respectively. The complication rate was higher in the ADO group, but the complications were mainly minor, and management was easier in this group than in the ABG group. Although follow-up was shorter, the implant survival rate was slightly higher in the ABG group compared with ADO group.
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Neslihan Arhun, Ayca Arman (2008)  Fiber-reinforced technology in multidisciplinary chairside approaches.   Indian J Dent Res 19: 3. 272-277 Jul/Sep  
Abstract: There is an increasing demand to improve dentofacial esthetics in the adult population. This demand usually requires a close collaboration within the various disciplines of dentistry and the patient at every stage of the therapy. The materials and techniques used by these interdisciplinary clinicians must be conservative and minimally invasive. Fiber-reinforced composite technology offers such solutions for chairside applications. This case report presents two cases where fiber-reinforced ribbon and composite complex was used in a multidisciplinary approach to improve esthetics.
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Tahsin Demir, Ufuk Ates, Burcak Cehreli, Zafer C Cehreli (2008)  Autotransplantation of a supernumerary incisor as a replacement for fused tooth: 24-month follow-up.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 106: 4. e1-e6 Oct  
Abstract: This case report describes the technique and 24-month follow-up of autotransplantation of a well-shaped, healthy supernumerary maxillary central incisor as a replacement for a fused maxillary incisor. Because the alignment of the teeth neighboring the fused incisor was not suitable as an abutment for post-transplantation splinting, a custom palatal splint that took anchorage from permanent first molars was fabricated. Following extraction of both teeth, the supernumerary incisor was immediately autotransplanted into the extraction site of the fused incisor. The autotransplanted tooth was secured to the custom splint with acid-etch composite, and the splint was removed 2 weeks later. Closure of the apex was observed at 18 months. Both the esthetics and function were restored to an ideal level in the absence of postoperative complications, as evidenced by 24-month clinical and radiographic findings.
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2007
Servi Burcak Cengiz (2007)  The pregnant patient: considerations for dental management and drug use.   Quintessence Int 38: 3. e133-e142 Mar  
Abstract: The pregnant woman who presents for dental care requires special consideration. This article reviews physiologic changes associated with pregnancy and current considerations for the dental treatment of pregnant dental patients, as well as for pregnant dental professionals. The limitations and safety of commonly used drugs and anesthetics are discussed. Recommendations for prenatal oral counseling are presented.
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Yonca Korkmaz, Emre Ozel, Nuray Attar (2007)  Effect of flowable composite lining on microleakage and internal voids in Class II composite restorations.   J Adhes Dent 9: 2. 189-194 Apr  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of four flowable composite linings on marginal microleakage and internal voids in Class II composite restorations with the margins above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class II cavities were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10). Group 1: One Step Plus/Aelite LS Packable; group 2: One Step Plus/Aelite Flow/Aelite LS Packable; group 3: Comfort Bond/Solitaire 2; group 4: Comfort Bond/Flowline/Solitaire 2; group 5: Solobond M/Grandio; group 6: Solobond M/Grandio Flow/Grandio; group 7: Admira Bond/Admira; Group 8: Admira bond/Admira Flow/Admira. After restoration, all teeth were stored for 24 h, thermocycled (at 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C) 500 times, and soaked in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. After soaking, the teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope. Gingival marginal microleakage and internal voids (at the gingival wall interface and in the cervical and the occlusal parts) were recorded. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U- and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Statistical analyses indicated that the use of flowable resin composites provided a reduction in microleakage in groups 6 and 8. Groups 2 and 4 showed fewer voids in the cervical area than without flowable composites. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that none of the materials tested was able to eliminate the marginal microleakage on the cervical wall. Flowable resin composites under nanohybrid (group 6) and ormocer (group 8) composites provided a significantly different reduction in microleakage compared to restorations without flowable liners. Fewer cervia voids were observed in packable composites with flowable liner (groups 2 and 4) than without flowable liner (groups 1 and 3s).
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U Aydin, E Hastar, D Yildirim (2007)  Dacryolith: two case reports.   Dentomaxillofac Radiol 36: 4. 237-239 May  
Abstract: Dacryolith is a concretion within the nasolacrimal system. Dacryoliths may cause intermittent epiphora without inflammation, or recurrent dacryocystitis may develop. In this report, we present two patients with dacryoliths. The first patient had presented with a complaint of swelling and epiphora and had been told that she had lacrimal canal obstruction. This patient was unaware of the cause of obliteration and was asymptomatic. The second patient complained of headache, eye swelling and inflammation; dacryolith was diagnosed by clinical examination and dacryocystography. Dacryoliths were detected on the panoramic radiographs as small, rounded, radiopaque calcifications located in the inner aspect of the medial wall of the orbit. The image of dacryoliths must be differentiated from radiographic artefacts and foreign objects, and it is important to recognize dacryoliths on panoramic radiographs and to refer the patients for medical care, if necessary.
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Z O Pektas, B H Kircelli, U Cilasun, S Uckan (2007)  The accuracy of computer-assisted surgical planning in soft tissue prediction following orthognathic surgery.   Int J Med Robot 3: 64-71 Mar  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of a computer-assisted imaging system in predicting the soft tissue response following orthognathic surgery. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 11 adult patients with a mean age of 23.5 years. The preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms were obtained after orthodontic preparation and immediately before surgery and at least 1 year after surgery. The computer-generated soft tissue image and the actual surgical outcome were compared to evaluate the accuracy of the imaging system. RESULTS: In the sagittal plane, the tip of nose was the most accurate site and the largest difference was shown in the upper lip. The lower lip was noted to be the least accurate and the subnasale the most accurate region in the vertical plane. Predictions were found to be more accurate for the sagittal plane when compared with those for the vertical plane. CONCLUSIONS: Computer-assisted visual treatment objectives was proved to be satisfactory in predicting the soft tissue outcome following orthognathic surgery.
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Sina Uckan, Yener Oguz, Burak Bayram (2007)  Comparison of intraosseous and extraosseous alveolar distraction osteogenesis.   J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65: 4. 671-674 Apr  
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare intraosseous and extraosseous alveolar distraction osteogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three distractors (13 intraosseous; 10 extraosseous) were placed in 21 patients (9 males, 12 females; age range, 12 to 55 years; mean age, 37.9 years) with alveolar ridge deficiencies. Periodontal disease and alveolar resorption following tooth removal was the most common reason for alveolar distraction osteogenesis (n = 14). The length of the segments were less than 2 cm in 15 defects, 2 to 4 cm in 2 defects and more than 4 cm in 6 defects. At the end of consolidation period 25 implants were inserted to the intraosseous group and 17 implants to the extraosseous group. RESULTS: In 21 patients with 23 distracted sites, the mean alveolar distraction was 11.6 mm (range, 5 to 20 mm). The overall complication rates in the intraosseous and extraosseous groups were 61.5% and 50%, respectively. Complications of both groups were mostly minor (95.8%; tilting of the segment, rod interference), only 1 segment fracture in the intraosseous group (4.2%) was considered as a major complication. The most common minor complication in the intraosseous group was tilting of the distracted segment (38.3%). Rod interference with the opposing arch (30%) was the most common minor complication in the extraosseous group. The survival rates of the implants for intraosseous and extraosseous groups were 88% and 94%, respectively. Although complication rate was higher and implant success rate was lower in the intraosseous group, there was no statistical significance between the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Intraosseous and extraosseous alveolar distractors presented no statistically significant complication rates and implant success rates. The clinician must choose an ideal size and type of the distractor according to the defect size, shape, patient tolerance, and distance to the opposing arch.
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Emel Olga Onay, Mete Ungor, Binnaz Handan Ozdemir (2007)  In vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility of a new resin-based obturation system.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 104: 3. e60-e66 Sep  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of the new resin-based Epiphany-Resilon root canal filling system after implantation in rat connective tissue. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats, 9 months old, weighing 200 to 220 g, were used to evaluate the biocompatibility. Four subcutaneous pockets were created in the back of the rats, and each material (Resilon, gutta-percha, a Teflon tube containing Epiphany, and an empty Teflon tube) was implanted into a specific dorsal site. The empty Teflon tubes were used as control. After 1, 4, and 8 weeks, the implants were removed with the surrounding tissues. The inflammatory tissue reactions were graded after a histopathologic examination. RESULTS: At each time period, there was practically no difference in the reaction of all the implant materials (P > .05). The intensity of the reaction had diminished by the 4-week observation period, and this reduction continued through the 8-week observation period. CONCLUSION: All the tested materials showed an acceptable biocompatibility.
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Hilal Uslu Toygar, Esra Guzeldemir (2007)  Excessive gingival bleeding in two patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia.   J Periodontol 78: 6. 1154-1158 Jun  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is an exceedingly rare but well-defined inherited disorder of platelet function caused by a defect in the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. The association of GT with consanguinity has been noted, especially in geographic regions in which intermarriage is common. In most patients, GT is diagnosed during early infancy or before the age of 5 years. Common manifestations of this disorder are gingival hemorrhage, purpura, epistaxis, petechiae, and menorrhagia. Chronic, prolonged, untreated, or unsuccessfully treated bleeding may be life threatening. METHODS: We report two female patients with GT who were referred by our hematology clinic to our periodontology department for the treatment of excessive gingival bleeding. The first patient was treated with a platelet transfusion and underwent periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing and dental polishing). The second patient, whose GT was undiagnosed at the time of her referral to our department, applied to our emergency service because of uncontrolled gingival bleeding that developed after scaling and root planing was performed by her dentist. Both patients had been called for regular dental visits. RESULTS: All treated sites healed without complications. The first patient was monitored for 2 years, during which she practiced proper oral hygiene and experienced no periodontal complications. The other patient did not participate in follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival bleeding is usually the first sign of most hematologic disorders, and dentists must be alert for the signs of unusual gingival bleeding. In such cases, collaboration with a hematologist is essential. Under the proper circumstances, periodontal treatment can be performed with an acceptable outcome. With proper oral hygiene, we believe that there will be no complications and no gingival bleeding.
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Ayse Gulsahi, Kamran Gulsahi, Mete Ungor (2007)  Invasive cervical resorption: clinical and radiological diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103: 3. e65-e72 Mar  
Abstract: Invasive cervical resorption is a relatively uncommon form of external root resorption. Etiologic factors include trauma, orthodontic treatment, intracoronal bleaching, and inflammation, but invasive cervical resorption is often idiopathic. There may be no external signs of this disorder, and the resorptive lesion is often detected by routine radiographic examination. This article describes the clinical and radiological diagnoses and treatment modalities of invasive cervical resorption in 3 patients. Two of the 3 cases were incidental radiographic findings and the teeth concerned were symptom free. One case was symptomatic due to periodontal infection. Computed tomography (CT) evaluation was performed in the 2 symptom-free patients. Thus, exact size and localization of the resorptive lesions were obtained. In 2 cases, root canal treatment was performed, and in the other case the resorptive defect was sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate.
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H Uslu, N Bal, E Guzeldemir, Z O Pektas (2007)  Three siblings with juvenile hyaline fibromatosis.   J Oral Pathol Med 36: 2. 123-125 Feb  
Abstract: Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is an extremely rare hereditary genetic disease of autosomal recessive transmission that is characterized by large cutaneous tumors commonly involving the scalp, papulonodular skin lesions, flexural joint contractures, gingival hyperplasia, and osteolytic bone lesions. JHF is usually diagnosed in young infants and in children younger than 5 years, and the lesions characteristic of this disorder consist of fibrous tissue and homogenous amorphous eosinophilic hyaline material. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with severe gingival hyperplasia, nasal enlargement, mild osteoporosis, and multiple papulonodular skin lesions. Her two brothers (7 and 13 years of age, respectively) were also diagnosed as having JHF. In the patient described in this report, the maintenance of oral hygiene after gingivectomy enabled the continued resolution of gingival hyperplasia, although skin lesions recurred and nasal overgrowth persisted.
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Ayse Gulsahi, Candan S Paksoy, Nuri Yazicioglu, Nejat Arpak, N Ozlem Kucuk, Hakan Terzioglu (2007)  Assessment of bone density differences between conventional and bone-condensing techniques using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and radiography.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 104: 5. 692-698 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We used dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and periapical radiography to assess bone density differences after conventional and bone-condensing dental implant techniques. STUDY DESIGN: Single-tooth dental implants were placed by both conventional and bone-condensing techniques in 14 patients with bilateral missing teeth. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to calculate bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) before and 6 and 12 months after implant placement. Furthermore, photodensitometry of periapical radiographs was also assessed. RESULTS: The success rate was 92.9% for the conventional technique and 71.5% for the bone-condensing technique. The BMD was observed to be significantly higher 6 and 12 months after implant placement. The BMC and photodensitometry were significantly increased 6 months after implant placement but showed no further after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in BMD, BMC, and photodensitometry between the two implant placement techniques. However, success rate of the conventional technique was greater than the bone-condensing technique, which may be the result of trabecular fracture associated with the bone-condensing.
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Z O Pektas, M Sener, B Bayram, T Eroglu, N Bozdogan, A Donmez, G Arslan, S Uckan (2007)  A comparison of pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of diflunisal and lornoxicam for postoperative pain management: a prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover study.   Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36: 2. 123-127 Feb  
Abstract: Diflunisal and lornoxicam are currently available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have been shown to be effective to various degrees in pain relief when administered either pre-emptively or postoperatively. The pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of diflunisal 1000 mg was compared with that of lornoxicam 16 mg in 40 ASA I patients undergoing surgical removal of bilateral impacted third molars. The impacted third molar teeth on one side were removed at the first surgical appointment using one of the two drug regimens being assessed and the teeth on the contralateral side were removed at a second appointment using the alternate drug regimen; all operations were performed by the same surgeon. Acetaminophen up to 2000 mg daily was provided as rescue medication. The postoperative rescue analgesic consumption was recorded and pain scores were evaluated with a visual analogue scale at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24h postoperatively. No statistically significant differences were found between groups with respect to rescue analgesic consumption and postoperative pain scores. Pre-emptive administration of both NSAIDs proved to be effective in the management of pain following the surgical removal of impacted third molar teeth.
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Pervin Imirzalioglu, Emel Olga Onay, Erhan Agca, Ersin Ogus (2007)  Dental erosion in chronic renal failure.   Clin Oral Investig 11: 2. 175-180 Jun  
Abstract: Dental erosion is a common oral finding in chronic renal failure and may develop due to extrinsic and/or intrinsic causes. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary calcium and phosphorus levels, salivary flow rate, salivary buffer capacity, salivary pH, serum calcium and phosphorus levels and parathyroid hormone levels in chronic renal failure patients with and without dental erosion. Twenty-four men and 19 women who had had chronic renal failure for at least 2 years were studied. Twenty-two subjects displayed erosion-like patterns on their teeth and the other 21 patients showed no signs of erosion. Two closely age- and sex-matched control groups (control groups 1 and 2) were enrolled in this study because of the age disparity between the erosion and non-erosion groups. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Student t test, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation tests. None of the comparisons were statistically different between the erosion and non-erosion groups. There were statistically significant differences in salivary calcium (P < 0.01) and phosphorus (P < 0.01) levels, serum phosphorus level (P < 0.01) and serum PTH level (P < 0.01) for the erosion group and control group 1 and also for the non-erosion group and control group 2. There was also a significant difference in salivary flow rate (P < 0.05) for the erosion group and control group 1. There was a positive significant correlation between saliva buffer capacity and salivary phosphorus level (r = 0.454, P < 0.05) in the erosion group.
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Defne Kecik, Ilken Kocadereli, Isil Saatci (2007)  Evaluation of the treatment changes of functional posterior crossbite in the mixed dentition.   Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 131: 2. 202-215 Feb  
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Functional posterior crossbite (FPXB) malocclusion is frequently seen in the deciduous or mixed dentition. It is often accompanied by lateral mandibular shift and mandibular midline deviation because of the reduction in the width of the maxillary dental arch. The aims of this prospective study were to examine in detail the morphologic, skeletal, dental, and functional effects of FPXB, and the effects of maxillary expansion treatment with quad-helix appliance. METHODS: The experimental group consisted of 35 FPXB patients (20 girls, 15 boys) having a mean age of 10.6 +/- 1.4 years; the control group consisted of 31 normocclusive subjects (18 girls, 13 boys) with a mean age of 9.8 +/- 1.6 years. Lateral, posteroanterior, and submentovertex cephalograms, transcranial temporomandibular joint radiographs, joint vibration analysis, and electromyographic recordings were obtained from every patient before and after maxillary expansion. Magnetic resonance images were taken before treatment for diagnostic purposes. These data were collected at 1 time point in the controls. RESULTS: The pretreatment posteroanterior, submentovertex, and transcranial temporomandibular joint radiographs showed mandibular asymmetry relative to the cranial base and condylar malpositioning in the glenoid fossa. Joint vibration analysis findings showed different vibrations between the crossbite and noncrossbite sides, and imbalanced electromyographic findings in the experimental group. After treatment, the asymmetric morphology and position of the mandible and condyles were eliminated, and the stomatognathic system functions were normalized. CONCLUSIONS: Early orthodontic treatment of FPXB creates optimum conditions for normal growth of the craniofacial skeleton and normal function of the stomatognathic system.
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Selim Erkut, Ayca Arman, Ayse Gulsahi, Sina Uckan, Kamran Gulsahi (2007)  Forced eruption and implant treatment in posterior maxilla: a clinical report.   J Prosthet Dent 97: 2. 70-74 Feb  
Abstract: Periodontal disease can result in bone defects that surround periodontally compromised teeth. After the loss of those teeth, remaining defects may compromise successful treatment with dental implants. Forced eruption, induced by applying light orthodontic forces in the coronal direction, provides enhancement of the implant recipient site by enabling the extraction of the periodontally hopeless teeth. This report describes the use of forced eruption to promote the formation of new bone and soft tissue in the resorbed maxillary posterior region, followed by placement of an implant-supported fixed partial denture.
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K Gulsahi, Z C Cehreli, T Kuraner, F T Dagli (2007)  Sealer area associated with cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha and warm coated carrier filling systems in canals prepared with various rotary NiTi systems.   Int Endod J 40: 4. 275-281 Apr  
Abstract: AIM: To compare the area of sealer surrounding root fillings completed by two coated carrier systems (Thermafil Obturator and System GT Obturator) and the cold lateral compaction technique, following root canal preparation with two different NiTi rotary systems (Profile ISO and System GT). METHODOLOGY: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were instrumented with ProFile ISO 0.06 taper and System GT instruments (n = 30 each). The teeth were divided into four subgroups (n = 15) for filling as following: group 1: ProFile + Thermafil Obturator, group 2: ProFile + Cold Lateral Compaction, group 3: System GT + GT Obturator, and group 4: System GT + Cold Lateral Compaction. In all groups the canals were prepared to a final size of 40, 0.06 taper in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Topseal was used as a sealer. Horizontal sections were obtained every 1 mm up to 12 mm from the apical foramen. Sections were digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope and the images were transferred to an IBM-compatible PC for image analysis. The cross-sectional area of the root canal and the area filled by sealer were calculated for each section and compared statistically both at all levels and by grouping the data as apical, middle and coronal segments; using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction and chi-square tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS: In the apical third (1-4 mm), the GT Obturator (group 3) had significantly less area of sealer (P < 0.05), while the difference between groups 1 and 2 was not significant (P > 0.05). For the middle and coronal thirds, both coated-carrier systems had significantly less area of sealer compared with their laterally compacted counterparts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: With the combined use of ProFile + Thermafil Obturator and System GT + GT Obturator, significantly less area of sealer occurred than that achieved with both NiTi preparation systems followed by cold lateral compaction.
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Selim Erkut, Hakki Cenker Küçükesmen, Neslihan Eminkahyagil, Pervin Imirzalioglu, Erdem Karabulut (2007)  Influence of previous provisional cementation on the bond strength between two definitive resin-based luting and dentin bonding agents and human dentin.   Oper Dent 32: 1. 84-93 Jan/Feb  
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of two different types of provisional luting agents (RelyX Temp E, eugenol-based; RelyX Temp NE, eugenol-free) on the shear bond strengths between human dentin and two different resin-based luting systems (RelyXARC-Single Bond and Duo Link-One Step) after cementation with two different techniques (dual bonding and conventional technique). One hundred human molars were trimmed parallel to the original long axis, to expose flat dentin surfaces, and were divided into three groups. After related surface treatments for each specimen, the resin-based luting agent was applied in a silicone cylindrical mold (3.5 x 4 mm), placed on the bonding-agent-treated dentin surfaces and polymerized. In the control group (n = 20), the specimens were further divided into two groups (n = 10), and two different resin-based luting systems were immediately applied following the manufacturer's protocols: RelyX ARC-Single Bond (Group I C) and Duo Link-One Step (Group II C). In the provisionalization group (n = 40), the specimens were further divided into four subgroups of 10 specimens each (Group I N, I E and Group II N, II E). In Groups I N and II N, eugenol-free (RelyX NE), and in groups I E and II E, eugenol-based (RelyX E) provisional luting agents (PLA), were applied on the dentin surface. The dentin surfaces were cleaned with a flour-free pumice, and the resin-based luting systems RelyX ARC (Group I N and E) and Duo Link (Group II N and E) were applied. In the Dual bonding groups (n = 40), the specimens were divided into four subgroups of 10 specimens each (Group I ND, ED and Group II ND, ED). The specimens were treated with Single Bond (Groups I ND and ED) or One Step (Groups II ND and ED). After the dentin bonding agent treatment, RelyX Temp NE was applied to Groups I ND and II ND, and RelyX Temp E was applied to Groups I ED and II ED. The dentin surfaces were then cleaned as described in the provisionalization group, and the resin-based luting systems were applied: RelyX ARC-Single Bond (Group I ND and ED) and Duo Link-One Step (Group II ND and ED). After 1,000 thermal cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, shear bond testing was conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minutes. One-way ANOVA, followed by a post hoc Tukey test (alpha = 0.05) was done. The dentin-resin-based luting system interfaces were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. There was a significant reduction in the mean shear bond strength values of groups subjected to the provisionalization compared to the control and dual bonding technique groups (p < 0.05). The composition of provisional luting did not create a significant difference with regard to reducing shear bond strength values (p > 0.05). With regard to resin based luting systems, the shear bond strength values of the double-bond technique groups were not significantly different from the controls (p > 0.05).
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TuncerBurak Ozçelik, Ahmet Ersan Ersoy (2007)  An investigation of tooth/implant-supported fixed prosthesis designs with two different stress analysis methods: an in vitro study.   J Prosthodont 16: 2. 107-116 Mar/Apr  
Abstract: PURPOSE: Tooth/implant-supported fixed prostheses (TIFPs) present biomechanical design problems, because the implant is rigidly anchored within the alveolus, and the tooth is attached by the periodontal ligament that allows movement. While TIFP designs with rigid connectors (RCs) are preferred by many clinicians, the designs containing non-rigid connectors (NRCs) are suggested as a method to compensate for these mobility differences. However, studies have failed to show the advantage of one design over the other. This study examined stresses formed around the implant and natural tooth abutments under occlusal forces, using two dimensional finite element (2D-FEM) and photoelastic stress analysis methods (PSAM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Connection of TIFP designs were investigated in distal extension situations using stress analysis interpreted with the 2D-FEM and PSAM. Three TIFP (screw type implant, 3.75 mm x 13 mm) models with various connection designs (i.e., rigidly connected to an abutment tooth, connected to an abutment tooth with an NRC, connected to an abutment implant with an NRC) were studied. The stress values of the three models loaded with vertical forces (250 N) were analyzed. RESULTS: The highest level of stresses around the implant abutment was noted on the TIFPs with the RC. On the other hand, NRCs incorporated into prostheses at the site of the implant abutment reduced the level of stresses in bone. CONCLUSION: It could be suggested that if tooth and implant abutments are to be used together as fixed prostheses supports, NRCs should be placed on the implant abutment-supported site.
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Cigdem Celik, Gül Ozgünaltay, Nuray Attar (2007)  Clinical evaluation of flowable resins in non-carious cervical lesions: two-year results.   Oper Dent 32: 4. 313-321 Jul/Aug  
Abstract: This study evaluated the two-year clinical performance of one microhybrid composite and three different types of flowable resin materials in non-carious cervical lesions. A total of 252 noncarious cervical lesions were restored in 37 patients (12 male, 25 female) with Admira Flow, Dyract Flow, Filtek Flow and Filtek Z250, according to manufacturers' instructions. All the restorations were placed by one operator, and two other examiners evaluated the restorations clinically within one week after placement and after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, using modified USPHS criteria. At the end of 24 months, 172 restorations were evaluated in 26 patients, with a recall rate of 68%. Statistical analysis was completed using the Pearson Chi-square and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests (p < 0.05). Additionally, survival rates were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Log-Rank test (p < 0.05). The Log-Rank test indicated statistically significant differences between the survival rates of Dyract Flow/Admira Flow and Dyract Flow/Filtek Z250 (p < 0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference between Dyract Flow and the other materials for color match at 12 and 18 months, no significant difference was observed among all of the materials tested at 24 months. Significant differences were revealed between Filtek Z250 and the other materials for marginal adaptation at 18 and 24 months (p < 0.05). With respect to marginal discoloration, secondary caries, surface texture and anatomic form, no significant differences were found between the resin materials (p > 0.05). It was concluded that different types of resin materials demonstrated acceptable clinical performance in non-carious cervical lesions, except for the retention rates of the Dyract Flow restorations.
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Sule Bulut, B Handan Ozdemir (2007)  Apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 in cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth.   J Periodontol 78: 12. 2364-2368 Dec  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of epithelial thickening in gingival overgrowth remains obscure. Apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining tissue hemostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate apoptosis via immunohistochemical analyses in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth tissue samples to determine whether these processes play a role in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth. METHODS: Gingival biopsies (one per person) were harvested from 22 renal transplant recipients (eight men and 14 women; mean age, 36.4 +/- 13.3 years) who had been diagnosed with cyclosporin A-induced gingival enlargement and from 12 systemically healthy persons (seven men and five women; mean age, 27.0 +/- 16.0 years) with plaque-induced gingivitis. Distributions of caspase-3 and apoptosis were determined immunologically. RESULTS: Significant differences were found with regard to caspase-3 levels and the extent of apoptosis between the cyclosporin A group and the control group. Plaque index, gingival index, and probing depths were significantly lower in the control group. CONCLUSION: The extent of keratinocyte apoptosis and decreased levels of caspase-3 may be an important factor affecting the gingiva of kidney transplant recipients with cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth.
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O O Polat, B Kaya (2007)  Changes in cranial base morphology in different malocclusions.   Orthod Craniofac Res 10: 4. 216-221 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the differences in cranial base flexure between skeletal and dental Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions. DESIGN: Lateral cephalometric radiographs, matched for age, of skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III patients with an average vertical growth pattern were analyzed and compared. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: A total of 75 patients having skeletal Class I (n = 25), Class II (n = 25) and Class III (n = 25) malocclusions of Baskent University. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Anterior (SN) and posterior (SBa) cranial base lengths, cranial base angle (N-S-Ba, N-S-Ar) and both anterior (SN-FH) and posterior (SBa-FH) cranial base inclinations were measured on the pretreatment lateral cephalograms. OUTCOME MEASURE: Size and shape differences in cranial base between different malocclusions. RESULTS: Anterior and posterior cranial base lengths, and cranial base angles did not show statistically significant differences between the three groups studied. Both anterior and posterior cranial base inclinations were increased significantly in the Class III group compared with Class I and Class II groups. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were observed in anterior and posterior cranial base lengths, and cranial base angles between the three malocclusions. However, cranial base inclinations were increased in Class III malocclusions.
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Aylin Gokcelik, Yonca Ozel, Emre Ozel, Neslihan Arhun, Nuray Attar, Sonmez Firatli, Erhan Firatli (2007)  The influence of Er:YAG laser conditioning versus self-etching adhesives with acid etching on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.   Photomed Laser Surg 25: 6. 508-512 Dec  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after acid etching, laser ablation, self-etching primer application, and combined treatments. METHODS: One hundred defect-free premolars were randomly assigned to five groups. The teeth received the following treatments: group 1: phosphoric acid + Transbond XT primer; group 2: Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (TPSEP); group 3: Er:YAG laser ablation + Transbond XT primer; group 4: Er:YAG laser ablation + phosphoric acid + Transbond XT primer; and group 5: Er:YAG laser ablation + TPSEP. Transbond XT Adhesive Paste was used in all groups for bracket bonding. Samples were stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The shear debonding test was performed at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Failed brackets were examined by a stereomicroscope at 16 x magnification to determine the bond failure interface using a modified adhesive remnant index (ARI). SBS values were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for ARI scores and pairwise comparisons were done using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Mean SBS values (MPa) and standard deviations for the groups were: group 1, 13.18 +/- 3.45; group 2, 13.52 +/- 4.38; group 3, 10.33 +/- 4.74; group 4, 13.00 +/- 3.47; and group 5, 12.46 +/- 6.31. No significant differences were observed in the SBS of all the groups evaluated, but there was a significant difference in ARI scores, with group 3 showing higher ARI scores than groups 1 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: Er:YAG laser ablation and self-etching primer application showed similar SBS values as conventional acidetching for bonding brackets.
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Idil Teoman, Nurdan Ozmeriç, Gönen Ozcan, Emine Alaaddinoğlu, Sükrü Dumlu, Yakut Akyön, Köksal Baloş (2007)  Comparison of different methods to detect Helicobacter pylori in the dental plaque of dyspeptic patients.   Clin Oral Investig 11: 3. 201-205 Sep  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare different methods of detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the dental plaque of dyspeptic patients. After recording the clinical indices, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were performed on plaque samples, while rapid urease test in addition to these tests was carried on gastric samples from 67 dyspeptic patients who attended for an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Forty-seven of 67 patients were H. pylori-positive in gastric biopsy material whereas the microbial dental plaque from 19 patients demonstrated H. pylori positivity detected by PCR. Among the patients, 25.4% harbored H. pylori both in the stomach and in microbial dental plaque. No significant correlations were found among the presence of H. pylori in the stomach, in plaque, and clinical variables (P > 0.05). Although oral hygiene was observed optimal and the mean of pocket depth was not found to be higher, the prevalence of H. pylori was observed to be higher in dental plaque. According to our results, PCR technique gave the highest detection rate both in gastric biopsy and in dental plaque compared to the other methods used.
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S Burcak Cehreli, Burak Bayram (2007)  Self-inflicted orodental injury in a severely burned child.   J Dent Child (Chic) 74: 2. 133-135 May/Aug  
Abstract: The purpose of this report was to describe the case of a self-inflicted oral injury in a 1 1/2-year-old child that may be related to chronic pain caused by a severely burned body. In the present case, the patient lost his mandibular primary incisors due to continuous teeth clenching. He further traumatized the socket, resulting in severe ulceration. Extraction of the maxillary central and lateral incisors under local anaesthesia was performed to prevent further injury and additional medical problems.
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H Uslu Toygar, G Seydaoglu, S Kurklu, E Guzeldemir, N Arpak (2007)  Periodontal health and adverse pregnancy outcome in 3,576 Turkish women.   J Periodontol 78: 11. 2081-2094 Nov  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm low birth weight (PLBW) is a problem encountered worldwide. The many causes of low birth weight (LBW) and premature or preterm birth (PTB) vary among developing/industrialized countries. Few studies have been published, in part because of the paucity of subjects and the ethnic heterogeneity of the populations. Our goals were to correlate maternal periodontal disease with birth outcomes in a Turkish population and evaluate maternal periodontal health. METHODS: This study consisted of 3,576 Turkish women who gave birth within 24 hours of the onset of labor. The adjusted odds ratio was generated from various logistic regression models. RESULTS: Codes from the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) were evaluated according to treatment need (TN). The TN-I rate was 24.2% (N=866), the TN-II rate was 73.5% (N=2,628), and the TN-III rate was 2.3% (N=82). There were 566 (15.8%) adverse birth outcomes; the PTB with LBW rate was 4.2%; the PTB with normal birth weight (NBW) rate was 8.3%; the in term birth with LBW rate was 3.3%, and the in term birth with NBW rate was 84.2%. The overall PTB rate was 12.5% (N=447), and the LBW rate was 7.5% (N=269). The mean birth weight and weeks of gestation decreased as the CPITN level increased (P<0.001 for both). The LBW rate was 4.6% in the TN-I group, 8.3% in the TN-II group, and 14.6% in the TN-III group. TPTB rates were 10.5%, 12.7%, and 26.8%, respectively, whereas adverse birth outcome rates were 12.0%, 16.6%, and 30.5%, respectively (P<0.01 for all). TN-II and TN-III were independent risk factors for LBW, PTB, and abnormal births in regression analyses. CONCLUSION: Maternal periodontal disease may be a risk factor for an adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Aydan Açikgöz, Oya Kademoglu, Selma Elekdag-Türk, Filiz Karagöz (2007)  Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with true anodontia of the primary dentition.   Quintessence Int 38: 10. 853-858 Nov/Dec  
Abstract: Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare congenital hereditary entity. The most commonly observed forms of ectodermal dysplasia are the hidrotic and hypohidrotic types; discrimination is based on the absence or presence of sweat glands. In this report, a child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia having true anodontia of the primary dentition is presented. Physical, mental, and intraoral examinations were performed. Photographs and occlusal and panoramic radiographs were taken. A medical consultation and biopsies were requested. Mentally, the patient was normal. His hair and eyebrows were light colored and sparse. He had frontal bossing, a saddle nose, reduced vertical facial dimension, and prominent supraorbital ridges and chin. Radiographs revealed absence of all primary and permanent teeth except the bilaterally unerupted maxillary permanent canines. An armpit biopsy specimen revealed the absence of eccrine and apocrine glands. A removable prosthesis was made to satisfy the patient's esthetic and functional needs. The absence of primary teeth (true anodontia) is a rare phenomenon. It is claimed that primary teeth must be present for the development of their permanent successors. In the present case, however, the permanent canines existed despite the absence of their predecessors. Dental clinicians can be the first to diagnose ectodermal dysplasia. The dental team should be aware of its signs and symptoms in order to provide the correct therapies for the functional and psychologic needs of these patients.
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Kamran Gulsahi, Zafer C Cehreli, Emel O Onay, Fugen Tasman-Dagli, Mete Ungor (2007)  Comparison of the area of resin-based sealer and voids in roots obturated with Resilon and gutta-percha.   J Endod 33: 11. 1338-1341 Nov  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the cross-sectional area of sealer plus voids of Epiphany sealer surrounding root fillings completed with Resilon cones and laterally compacted gutta-percha. The root canals of extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared to a final size of 40 (0.06 taper). The teeth were then randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 12/group) for the filling procedures in conjunction with Epiphany sealer: group 1, Resilon cones, and group 2, gutta-percha. Horizontal sections were obtained every 1 mm up to 5 mm from the apical foramen. The sections were digitally photographed under magnification, and the cross-sectional area of the root canal and the area occupied by the sealer and voids were calculated, after which statistical comparisons were made. No differences were found between the sealer plus void or void area of Resilon or gutta-percha groups at any level of sectioning (P > .05). Comparisons within each obturation group showed that there was no significant difference between any level of sectioning with regard to the ratio of sealer plus void area or void area to that of the root canal (P > .05). Within the experimental conditions of the present study, both obturating techniques with the Epiphany sealer exhibited similar amounts of sealer and void area, regardless of the apical level of sectioning compared.
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Neslihan Arhun, Mete Ungor (2007)  Re-attachment of a fractured tooth: a case report.   Dent Traumatol 23: 5. 322-326 Oct  
Abstract: A 16-year-old patient who fractured her maxillary central incisors is presented. One of the original tooth fragments was available. The fracture was clean and there was no pulpal exposure. Juxtaposition of the fragment to the tooth showed that the margins of each fitted well against each other and no interfragmentary space was present. The fragment was re-attached with an adhesive bonding agent and the other tooth was restored with a resin composite. The esthetic result achieved in a single appointment was excellent. The tooth was vital and there was no change in the color of the tooth in 1-year recall.
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Hilal Uslu Toygar, Cem Kircelli, Ezgi Firat, Esra Guzeldemir (2007)  Combined therapy in a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: a 13-year follow-up.   J Periodontol 78: 9. 1819-1824 Sep  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles combined with premature loss of the primary and permanent dentition. Several treatment regimens have been recommended in the literature; however, a definitive treatment protocol has not been established. This case report evaluates the success of combined therapy in managing a patient with PLS. METHODS: A 6-year-old girl diagnosed with PLS presented with aggressive periodontal destruction of her primary and permanent dentitions. After extraction of periodontally affected teeth, the edentate region was rehabilitated with different temporary dentures until her skeletal growth was complete. At the same time, her orthodontic treatment was performed. The early loss of her incisors resulted in inadequate alveolar bone height and width for esthetic-advanced prosthetic rehabilitation. Alveolar bone augmentation was performed, and 6 months later, two intraosseous dental implants were placed into the central incisor zone. RESULTS: After 13 years of treatment and follow-up, the patient had periodontally healthy permanent dentition. She had practiced meticulous oral hygiene, and the orthodontic treatment was successful and without incident. Alveolar ridge augmentation and placement of an intraosseous implant with guided bone regeneration were performed successfully. CONCLUSIONS: This case report demonstrates that individually developed treatment protocols can provide long-term dental/periodontal success in patients with PLS. A multidisciplinary approach with advanced periodontal surgery, orthodontic and prosthetic treatment, and implant therapy may be an appropriate treatment modality for dental rehabilitation in patients with PLS.
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Simin Ada, Deniz Seckin, Erkan Tarhan, Fuat Buyuklu, Ozcan Cakmak, Unser Arikan (2007)  Eosinophilic ulcer of the tongue.   Australas J Dermatol 48: 4. 248-250 Nov  
Abstract: A 76-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of a rapidly expanding painful ulcerated nodule on her tongue following tooth extraction. Triamcinolone acetonide ointment was applied twice daily for 1 month without any benefit. The histopathology of the excision specimen was consistent with an eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa. There has been no recurrence 12 months later.
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2006
Sina Uckan, Nurhan Guler, Ayca Arman, Necip Mutlu (2006)  Mandibular midline distraction using a simple device.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 101: 6. 711-717 Jun  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis represents a new option for creation of intra-arch space in the mandibular arch. The aim of this paper is to introduce a simple device (hyrax expander) and method for mandibular midline distraction. STUDY DESIGN: The sample consisted of 24 patients (mean age: 18.07 years) treated with mandibular midline distraction. Hyrax expanders were used as symphyseal distractors, and distraction procedure was carried out with a rate of 1 mm and rhythm of twice daily. RESULTS: Mandibular midline distraction was completed successfully in all patients and the distraction amount was 7.01 mm. No major complication other than mild mucosal irritation and gingival recession was observed. CONCLUSION: The presented method is a viable option for mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis.
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Sule Bulut, Hilal Uslu, B Handan Ozdemir, Omer Engin Bulut (2006)  Analysis of proliferative activity in oral gingival epithelium in immunosuppressive medication induced gingival overgrowth.   Head Face Med 2: 05  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a frequent adverse effect associated principally with administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A and also certain antiepileptic and antihypertensive drugs. It is characterized by a marked increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer and accumulation of excessive amounts of connective tissue. The mechanism by which the drugs cause gingival overgrowth is not yet understood. The purpose of this study was to compare proliferative activity of normal human gingiva and in cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS: Gingival samples were collected from 12 generally healthy individuals and 22 Cyclosporin A-medicated renal transplant recipients. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gingival samples using an immunoperoxidase technique and a monoclonal antibody for this antigen. RESULTS: There were differences between the Cyclosporin A group and control group in regard to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epithelial thickness. In addition, the degree of stromal inflammation was higher in the Cyclosporin A group when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the increased epithelial thickness observed in Cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth is associated with increased proliferative activity in keratinocytes.
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Ayça Arman, T Ufuk Toygar, Eyas Abuhijleh (2006)  Evaluation of maxillary protraction and fixed appliance therapy in Class III patients.   Eur J Orthod 28: 4. 383-392 Aug  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the dentofacial changes in Class III patients treated with fixed appliances subsequent to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask therapy. The material consisted of the cephalograms and hand-wrist films of 14 (9 girls, 5 boys) skeletal Class III and 15 (10 girls, 5 boys) untreated subjects obtained at the beginning of treatment/observation T1, immediately after orthopaedic therapy T2, and at the end of the observation period T3. The mean pre-treatment/control ages were approximately 11.5 years and the observation period was 3 years T2-T1: 1 year, T3-T2: 2 years). The cephalometric films were analysed according to the structural superimposition method of Björk. All tracings were double-digitized and the measurements were calculated by a computer program. Intragroup changes and intergroup differences were statistically analysed. Forward movement of the maxilla (P < 0.01), backward movement and rotation of the mandible, an increase in the ANB angle (P < 0.001), lower face height and overjet (P < 0.001), a decrease of overbite, and an improvement in the sagittal lip relationship (P < 0.01) presented significant intergroup differences between T2 and T1. During the second phase of treatment T3-T2, although not statistically significant, forward movement of the maxilla was less than in the control subjects. Overall changes during the observation period T3-T1 revealed that correction was mainly due to favourable changes in the mandibular and dentoalveolar components of the discrepancy, while these in maxillary position were not different from the control group. The soft tissue profile improved significantly (P < 0.001) in the treatment group. Comparison with the Class I controls at the end of the observation period confirmed that some Class III characteristics still remained in the treated patients.
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B Bayram, S Uckan, A Acikgoz, H Müderrisoglu, A Aydinalp (2006)  Digital panoramic radiography: a reliable method to diagnose carotid artery atheromas?   Dentomaxillofac Radiol 35: 4. 266-270 Jul  
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the panoramic radiographs of 4106 patients for carotid artery atheromas (CAAs) and to correlate our findings with the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The digital panoramic radiographs of 4106 dental patients (2428 female, 1678 male) were evaluated. Radiographs of patients 40 years of age or older were randomly chosen from a computer database. CAA findings were defined as radiopaque masses adjacent to the cervical vertebrae at or below the intervertebral space between C3 and C4 on the panoramic radiograph. The patients who had CAA findings were contacted by telephone, and some of them agreed to further evaluation. Evaluation included carotid ultrasound, ECG, echocardiography and treadmill exercise testing at the Department of Cardiology. RESULTS: Of 4106 patients, 88 patients (2.1%; 70 female, 18 male) had one or more radiopaque mass detected on digital images. All 88 patients with CAA findings were contacted by telephone and 23 agreed to further evaluation at the university hospital. Of these 23 patients, 8 (34.7%) had CAAs on carotid ultrasound and 15 (65.3%) had normal carotid arteries. From these eight patients with CAAs on Doppler ultrasound, 7 (30.4%) had plaques that were not haemodynamically significant and only one (4.3%) had significant plaque. The patient with severe carotid artery stenosis consequently underwent endarterectomy operation. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female in CAAs (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Digital panoramic images may have some diagnostic value for detecting CAAs and this early diagnosis could potentially increase the length and quality of life for people with CAAs.
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Ayca Arman, S Burcak Cehreli, Emre Ozel, Neslihan Arhun, Alev Cetinşahin, Mubin Soyman (2006)  Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of enamel after various stripping methods.   Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 130: 2. 131.e7-131.14 Aug  
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this study, we investigated ultramorphology, surface roughness, and microhardness of permanent and deciduous tooth enamel after various stripping methods. METHODS: One hundred twenty deciduous and permanent teeth (n = 60 each) were used. Qualitative (scanning electron microscopy) and quantitative (surface roughness and microhardness tests) experiments were carried out in the following experimental groups: group 1, stripping disk; group 2, diamond-coated metal strip; group 3, stripping disk and Sof-Lex discs (3M-ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); group 4, diamond-coated metal strip and Sof-Lex discs; group 5 (chemical stripping), 37% orthophosphoric acid in conjunction with diamond-coated metal strip; group 6 (control), no stripping. Surface roughness values (Ra) for permanent and deciduous enamel were evaluated with Welch analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tamhane tests, and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. Microhardness values were evaluated statistically with Kruskal-Wallis, 1-way ANOVA, and Duncan tests. RESULTS: Deciduous and permanent teeth showed similar results in terms of surface roughness and surface morphology. Groups 3 and 4 had the smoothest deciduous and permanent enamel surfaces, whereas chemical stripping (group 5) produced the roughest surfaces in both enamel types. Stripping did not lead to a significant change in the microhardness of permanent enamel. CONCLUSIONS: All stripping methods significantly roughened the enamel surfaces. Polishing the stripped surface with Sof-Lex discs decreased the roughness.
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M Ungor, E O Onay, H Orucoglu (2006)  Push-out bond strengths: the Epiphany-Resilon endodontic obturation system compared with different pairings of Epiphany, Resilon, AH Plus and gutta-percha.   Int Endod J 39: 8. 643-647 Aug  
Abstract: AIM: To assess the bond strength of the new resin-based Epiphany-Resilon root canal filling system, and to compare this with bond strengths of different pairings of AH Plus, gutta-percha, Epiphany and Resilon. METHODOLOGY: A total of 65 extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. All teeth were instrumented using a set of ProTaper rotary instruments. Irrigation was performed with 15 mL of 1.25% NaOCl between each instrument and the smear layer was removed during and after instrumentation with 5 mL of 17% EDTA. The canal spaces were filled with different combinations of core and sealer using lateral condensation, as follows: group 1, AH Plus + gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + Resilon; group 3, Epiphany + Resilon; group 4, Epiphany + gutta-percha; group 5 (control), gutta-percha only. Cylinders of root dentine 1.13 (0.06)-mm long were prepared from the coronal sections of the 65 teeth. The test specimens were subjected to the push-out test method. After adhesion testing, the remaining sections were examined under a stereomicroscope at x 25 magnification to determine the nature of bond failure. The values of bond strength were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Tukey's test, with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The respective mean push-out test values for groups 1-5 were: 2.000 +/- 0.369, 1.380 +/- 0.154, 1.706 +/- 0.340, 2.857 +/- 0.523 and 0.078 +/- 0.027 MPa. Significant difference (P < 0.001) occurred between the groups. Multiple paired comparisons (Tukey's test) revealed that group 4 (Epiphany + gutta-percha) had significantly (P < 0.001) greater bonding strength than all the other groups; group 1 (AH Plus + gutta-percha) had significantly (P < 0.05) greater bonding strength than group 2 (AH Plus + Resilon); and group 5 (control) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower bonding strength than all the other groups. Inspection of the surfaces revealed the bond failure to be mainly adhesive to dentine for all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The Epiphany-Resilon combination (group 3) was not superior to that of the AH Plus-gutta percha combination (group 1).
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Beyza Hancioğlu Kircelli, Zafer Ozgür Pektaş, Cem Kircelli (2006)  Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance.   Angle Orthod 76: 4. 650-659 Jul  
Abstract: To obtain an effective and compliance-free molar distalization without an anchorage loss, we designed the bone-anchored pendulum appliance (BAPA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the anchoring screw, distalization of the maxillary molars, and the movement of teeth anterior to maxillary first molars. The study group comprised 10 patients (mean age 13.5 +/- 1.8 years) with Class II molar relationship. A conventional pendulum appliance was modified to obtain anchorage from an intraosseous screw instead of the premolars. The screw was placed in the anterior paramedian region of the median palatal suture. Skeletal and dental changes were measured on cephalograms, and dental casts were obtained before and after distalization. A super Class I molar relationship was achieved in a mean period of 7.0 +/- 1.8 months. The maxillary first molars distalized an average of 6.4 +/- 1.3 mm in the region of the dental crown by tipping distally an average of 10.9 degrees +/- 2.8 degrees . Also, the maxillary second premolar and first premolar moved distally an average of 5.4 +/- 1.3 mm and 3.8 +/- 1.1 mm, respectively. The premolars tipped significantly distally. No anterior incisor movement was detected. The BAPA was found to be an effective, minimally invasive, and compliance-free intraoral distalization appliance for achieving both molar and premolar distalization without any anchorage loss.
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Selim Erkut, Sina Uckan (2006)  Alveolar distraction osteogenesis and implant placement in a severely resorbed maxilla: a clinical report.   J Prosthet Dent 95: 5. 340-343 May  
Abstract: Atrophy of maxillary alveolar bone can result in severe defects of the alveolar ridge. Such defects can make it difficult to achieve esthetic and functional restorations. This clinical report describes the use of alveolar distraction osteogenesis to promote the formation of new bone and soft tissue in a large, severely resorbed segment of maxillary alveolus.
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Sule Bulut, Hilal Uslu, B Handan Ozdemir, Omer Engin Bulut (2006)  Expression of caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 in generalized aggressive periodontitis.   Head Face Med 2: 06  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death is a form of physiological cell death. It is increased or decreased in the presence of infection, inflammation or tissue remodelling. Previous studies suggest that apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features and known indicators of apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2, Caspase-3) in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) METHODS: Eight patients with GAP, who had sites with probing depths (PD) > 5 mm, and 10 periodontally-healthy persons were included in the study. Clinical examinations and PD were performed, and the plaque index and gingival index were recorded. Gingival tissues biopsies were obtained from active site of each patient and from healthy individuals. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and p53 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry RESULTS: There were no significant differences between GAP and control group with respect to levels of caspase-3 and p53 expression (P > 0.05). Contrary, the frequency of grade 3 expression of Bcl-2 was higher in GAP group than the control group. CONCLUSION: The higher frequency of Bcl-2 expression in GAP group indicates and delayed apoptosis can lead to increasing resident inflammatory cells in periodontal tissues and resulting in progressive periodontal destruction.
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Ulkem Cilasun, Sina Uckan, Dogan Dolanmaz, Haci Saglam (2006)  Immediate mechanical stability of sagittal split ramus osteotomy fixed with resorbable compared with titanium bicortical screws in mandibles of sheep.   Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44: 6. 534-537 Dec  
Abstract: Ten fresh mandibles from adult sheep were stripped of all soft tissues and sectioned in the midline. We did sagittal split osteotomies and 5 mm advancement on all the 20 hemimandibles. Ten hemimandibles were fixed with three 2.0 mm x 13 mm titanium bicortical screws, and the other 10 were fixed with three 2.0 mm x 13 mm poly-l-lactic acid/polyglycolic acid (PLLA/PGA) bicortical screws in an inverted L pattern. All the hemimandibles were then mounted in a servohydraulic testing unit and tested to permanent deformation. Maximum forces that the mandibles resisted before breaking, maximum displacements, and the displacement values under 20, 60, 120, and 150 N were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. There were no significant differences in stability between the bones fixed with titanium and those fixed with resorbable screws.
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Neslihan Eminkahyagil, Ayca Arman, Alev Cetinşahin, Erdem Karabulut (2006)  Effect of resin-removal methods on enamel and shear bond strength of rebonded brackets.   Angle Orthod 76: 2. 314-321 Mar  
Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine (1) the effect of different resin-removal methods on shear bond strength (SBS) of rebonded brackets, (2) condition of the enamel surface, (3) time spent to remove resin remnants, and (4) the location of the bond failure. A total of 80 premolars were included in the study. Fifty of them were divided into five groups and bonded using Light Bondtrade mark sealant and Quick Curetrade mark adhesive. Ten of the samples were debonded, and the SBS of the first debonding was calculated. Forty brackets were debonded using pliers and examined by an optical microscope (16x) to determine the location of the bond failure interface, using a modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). The remnant adhesives were cleaned with four methods: (1) low-speed tungsten-carbide bur (TCB), (2) high-speed TCB, (3) Sof-Lex finishing disks, and (4) microetcher. The brackets were rebonded, and a second set of SBS and ARI values were calculated and statistically evaluated. Thirty of the premolars were divided into five groups receiving the same resin-removal methods and examined by scanning electron microscope. Rebonded teeth had a greater SBS than the initial bonding, except in group 4. The rebonded SBS values were similar in groups 1-3, and only group 4 showed a statistical difference. Sof-lex discs were the most time-consuming procedures and left much adhesive remnant. The high-speed TCB was found to be the most hazardous to the enamel. The scarring of enamel after the debonding is inevitable but can be reduced.
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Neslihan Arhun, Ayça Arman, Cagla Sesen, Erdem Karabulut, Yonca Korkmaz, Saadet Gokalp (2006)  Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with 3 self-etch adhesives.   Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 129: 4. 547-550 Apr  
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength and mode of failure of brackets bonded with 3 self-etching products. METHODS: The products tested were (1) a recently developed, modified self-etching, 1-step adhesive system (Adper Prompt L-Pop Self Etch Adhesive, 3M, St Paul, Minn); (2) a new fluoride-releasing, antibacterial, self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil Protect Bond, Kuraray, Osaka, Japan); and (3) a fluoride-releasing, self-etching adhesive system (Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer, 3M). Thirty-six defect-free premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12 each), and metal brackets were bonded according to the manufacturer's instructions. Brackets were debonded in shear on a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm per minute. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant (P < .001) difference between groups. Group 2 had the highest shear bond strength. The difference between groups 1 and 3 was not statistically significant. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences in the ARI scores (P = .595; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The fluoride-releasing, antibacterial, self-etching adhesive system, Clearfil Protect Bond, produced greater shear bond strength than the other 2 products tested and could be considered for clinical use.
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Sevi Burcak Cengiz, Deniz Korasli, Fatmagul Ziraman, Kaan Orhan (2006)  Non-surgical root canal treatment of Dens invaginatus: reports of three cases.   Int Dent J 56: 1. 17-21 Feb  
Abstract: Dens invaginatus is a rare developmental malformation of teeth showing a deep infolding of enamel and dentine which may extend deep into the root. To date, conventional root canal therapy, endodontic surgery and extraction have been reported as treatment modalities, when the pulpo-dentinal complex of such teeth is affected. In the present report, non-surgical endodontic treatment of three maxillary lateral incisors with invaginatus (DI) is discussed. The Tri Auto ZX rotary system was used for shaping the root canals of two affected teeth and the Profile system was used in the third. Teeth with periradicular lesions received calcium hydroxide as an interim therapy. Two teeth were obturated with gutta percha points and AH Plus sealer using cold lateral compaction. In the third case, obturation was accomplished using a coated carrier system (Thermafil) due to the specific shape of the root canal system. Twelve months postoperatively all teeth were asymptomatic with resolution of the periapical radiolucency on two affected teeth, as confirmed radiographically. Healing was achieved without any need for further surgical intervention.
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A Açikgöz (2006)  Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: a case report.   J Oral Rehabil 33: 10. 784-787 Oct  
Abstract: Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle is a rarely seen malformation. The aetiology of bifid condyle is not completely understood, although developmental anomaly, traumas, condylar fracture, teratogenic embryopathy and surgical condylectomy may all be causative factors. Although a few studies on human dried skulls tried to shed light on this entity it remains obscure. As most bifid condyle subjects have no complaint related to temporamandibular joint(TMJ), the cases are generally diagnosed through incidental radiographic findings. The case of a 54-year-old female is presented. In a panoramic radiograph obtained after a clinical examination, bilateral bifid mandibular condyle was observed. The open-closed lateral radiograph of the TMJ (obtained using the TMJ-specific program of the panoramic device) demonstrated duplication of the right and left condyles. In order to better evaluate the TMJ morphology and to eliminate pathologies such as fractures that might be missed with conventional radiographs, a computed tomography scan was also obtained. The joint head orientation was observed in the mediolateral direction. The case is discussed in the context of the relevant literature. Until large population-based studies are undertaken and further experimental studies are performed, bifid condyle will remain an incidental finding of anatomic variation rather than a clinically informative observation.
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Sevi Burcak Cengiz, Atilla Stephan Atac, Zafer C Cehreli (2006)  Biomechanical effects of splint types on traumatized tooth: a photoelastic stress analysis.   Dent Traumatol 22: 3. 133-138 Jun  
Abstract: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of splint type on stresses occurring around traumatized tooth by photoelastic stress analysis. Three semi-rigid splint types--a wire-composite splint, fiberglass splint and titanium trauma splint--were utilized for comparisons. Extracted left upper central and lateral incisors and the canine tooth of an otherwise healthy patient were embedded equidistantly in photoelastic resin. For all cases studied, a static axial and 20 degrees oblique force of 100 N was applied on the lateral incisor in separate sessions. The experiments were undertaken without any splint application (unsplinted, control) after which the splints, adhesively bonded to the labial aspects of teeth, were consecutively tested. During each loading sequence, generation of isochromatic fringes was observed in the field of a polariscope, and photographed by a digital camera. Quantification of fringes was performed on magnified images, transferred to a PC. Under vertical loading, the highest stresses in the apical regions were observed for the unsplinted and ribbond-splint groups, whereas the lowest fringes occurred with the use of orthodontic wire as a splinting medium. Titanium trauma splint had absolutely no effect on reduction of stresses, as the fringe orders were slightly higher than the unsplinted lateral tooth. The use of orthodontic wire resulted in lowest fringe orders around the traumatized tooth.
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Adnan Torgay, Erdinc Aydin, Ulkem Cilasun, Lale Durmaz, Gulnaz Arslan (2006)  Subcutaneous emphysema after dental treatment: a case report.   Paediatr Anaesth 16: 3. 314-317 Mar  
Abstract: Subcutaneous emphysema is the condition in which air or other gases penetrate the skin and submucosa causing soft-tissue distention. This type of emphysema may be traumatic, iatrogenic or may occur spontaneously. This report describes the youngest case of subcutaneous emphysema related to dental treatment that has been documented to date. In addition to the patient's age, the case is of interest because subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of dental therapy.
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Beyza Hancioğlu Kircelli, Zafer Ozgür Pektaş, Sina Uçkan (2006)  Orthopedic protraction with skeletal anchorage in a patient with maxillary hypoplasia and hypodontia.   Angle Orthod 76: 1. 156-163 Jan  
Abstract: Multipurpose titanium miniplates were placed on the lateral nasal wall of the maxilla as anchorage for face mask protraction in an 11-year-old girl presenting with severe maxillary hypoplasia and hypodontia. Applying orthopedic forces directly to the maxilla resulted in an eight mm maxillary advancement. Intraosseous titanium screws were also placed on the palatal bone, near the alveolar crests, to provide anchorage for the expansion appliance. The maxilla was expanded from the median palatal suture, and seven mm of expansion was achieved across the buccal segments. No other tooth support was used for the expansion or the protraction of the maxilla.
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I Turkyilmaz, T F Tözüm, C Tumer, E N Ozbek (2006)  Assessment of correlation between computerized tomography values of the bone, and maximum torque and resonance frequency values at dental implant placement.   J Oral Rehabil 33: 12. 881-888 Dec  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the bone density in the designated implant sites using computerized tomography (CT), the fastening torque values of dental implants, and the implant stability values using resonance frequency analysis. Further aim was to evaluate a possible correlation between bone density, fastening torque and implant stability. Eighty-five patients were treated with 158 Brånemark System implants. CT machine was used for preoperative evaluation of the jawbone for each patient, and bone densities were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). The fastening torque values of all implants were recorded with the OsseoCare equipment. Implant stability measurements were performed with the Osstell machine. The average bone density and fastening torque values were 751.4 +/- 256 HU and 39.7 +/- 7 Ncm for 158 implants. The average primary implant stability was 73.2 +/- 6 ISQ for seventy implants. Strong correlations were observed between the bone density, fastening torque and implant stability values of Brånemark System TiUnite MKIII implants at implant placement (P < 0.001). These results strengthen the hypothesis that it may be possible to predict and quantify initial implant stability and bone quality from pre-surgical CT diagnosis.
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Sina Uckan, Firdevs Veziroglu, Ayca Arman (2006)  Unexpected breakage of mandibular midline distraction device: case report.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102: 6. e21-e25 Dec  
Abstract: Management of the transverse mandibular deficiency and anterior crowding by mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis (MMDO) is an efficient and stable alternative to orthodontic mechanics with minor complications. Although the only major complication reported previously during MMDO is the nonunion of the segments, in the present case report an unexpected breakage of the distractor in MMDO during the consolidation period as a new major complication was presented.
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Sina Uckan, Emre Dayangac, Kenan Araz (2006)  Is permanent maxillary tooth removal without palatal injection possible?   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102: 6. 733-735 Dec  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate if articaine HCl could provide palatal anesthesia in maxillary tooth removal without the need for a second palatal injection. STUDY DESIGN: Of 53 patients, 23 had bilateral and 30 had unilateral extractions. In the study group 2 mL of 4% articaine/HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected into the buccal vestibule of the tooth. After 5 min the extraction was performed. 27 subjects were controls and subjected to the same protocol with palatal injection. All patients completed a Faces Pain Scale (FPS) and a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after extraction. RESULTS: According to VAS and FPS scores, when permanent maxillary tooth removal with palatal injection (97.5%) and without palatal injection (96.8%) were compared the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05) [corrected]. CONCLUSION: Permanent removal of maxillary teeth without palatal injection is possible by depositing 2 mL articaine/HCl to the buccal vestibule of the tooth.
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Sevi Burcak Cehreli, Neslihan Eminkahyagil (2006)  Effect of active pretreatment of self-etching primers on the ultramorphology of intact primary and permanent tooth enamel.   J Dent Child (Chic) 73: 2. 86-90 May/Aug  
Abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultramorphological changes after agitated and nonagitated application of self-etching primer systems on unground primary and permanent enamel. METHODS: Five self-etching primer systems were used: (1) Clearfil SE Bond; (2) Clearfil Protect Bond; (3) Adper Prompt; (4) Xeno III; and (5) nonrinse conditioner (NRC). Noncarious human primary and permanent incisors were collected and stored frozen until used. Intact labial surfaces were divided into 2 halves, applying the self-etching primers with (active application) and without (inactive agitation) using a microbrush within the times recommended by the manufacturers. Treated surfaces were further processed for ultramorphological evaluation under scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS: All tested self-etching systems produced weaker etch patterns and less dissolution of enamel surface compared with acid-etched samples in both primary and permanent teeth. Except for NRC and Adper Prompt, agitation of the surface did not increase the etching efficacy. Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil Protect Bond resulted in similar morphological features following application in either mode. CONCLUSION: While agitation of self-etching primers may improve etching efficacy, this effect appears to be dependent on the material used. Phosphoric acid produces well-defined etching patterns on intact primary and permanent enamel.
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Esra Guzeldemir, Hilal Uslu Toygar (2006)  From alveolar diffuse atrophy to aggressive periodontitis: a brief history.   J Hist Dent 54: 3. 96-99  
Abstract: Technologic advances in mechanics, electronics, physics, chemistry, and computer science have contributed to advances in dental medicine. Periodontology is not only a clinical science but is also directly related to the basic sciences. Research is conducted in laboratories rather than in clinics now. During the last century, aggressive periodontitis has received attention from numerous researchers because of its multifactorial features. This paper explores the long scientific journey of aggressive periodontitis, beginning with its first definition as alveolar diffuse atrophy. Perhaps in the future, "alveolar diffuse atrophy" will be referred to by another name or term. However, this journey will never end.
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Defne Kecik, Ayhan Enacar (2006)  Repositioning of premaxilla in bilateral cleft lip and palate using a "J-hook headgear".   J Craniofac Surg 17: 6. 1198-1207 Nov  
Abstract: The purpose of this clinical approach is to present the successful treatment of the severely protruded and extruded premaxilla with high-pull J-hook headgear. Two patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate deformity and a protruding and extruding premaxilla causing a deep bite were treated with high-pull J-hook headgear and fixed orthodontic appliances. The lateral cephalometric measurements before and after orthodontic treatment were evaluated with Ricketts analysis. The premaxillae of the two patients were repositioned, correcting the deep overbite and overjet and a well-functioning occlusion was attained. The repositioning of an inferiorly positioned and protruded premaxilla with J-hook headgear is an alternative treatment approach compared to other treatment modalities.
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S Burcak Cehreli, H Cem Gungor, Erdem Karabulut (2006)  Er,Cr:YSGG laser pretreatment of primary teeth for bonded fissure sealant application: a quantitative microleakage study.   J Adhes Dent 8: 6. 381-386 Dec  
Abstract: PURPOSE: Laser pretreatment of dental hard tissues prior to preventive or restorative procedures has been a subject of research. Unground primary enamel bears a prismless superficial layer which is known to be acid resistant. This in vitro study was conducted in order to evaluate the potential use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in the pretreatment of occlusal surfaces of primary teeth prior to bonded fissure sealant application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Occlusal surfaces of human primary mandibular molars were used (n =140). After pretreatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser (group A) or not (group B), occlusal fissures were treated with one of the following in each of 7 subgroups (n = 10): 1. phosphoric acid-etch only; 2. Clearfil SE Bond; 3. FL Bond; 4. Adper Prompt L-Pop; 5. NRC+Prime & Bond NT; 6. One-Up Bond F; 7. Xeno III. All teeth were sealed with Fissurit F. The specimens were thermocycled (1000 times) and stored thereafter in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 8 months. Following immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution, three bucco-lingual sections were made from each tooth. They were digitally photographed and the extent of dye penetration along the enamel-sealant interface was measured (in mm) with image analysis software. RESULTS: There was no difference between the Er,Cr:YSGG laser pretreated group (group A) and the nonlased grou (group B) (p > 0.05). The lowest microleakage values were observed in subgroups A1 and B1. Within the laser pretreated group, subgroups A1, A4, and A5 showed lower microleakage scores when compared to subgroups A2, A3, A6, and A7 (p < 0.05). As for the nonlased group, subgroups B1, B3, B4, and B5 demonstrated significantly lower microleakage scores than subgroups B2, B6, and B7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Er,Cr:YSGG laser pretreatment was not found to influence the resistance to microleakage of bonded fissure sealant application in primary teeth.
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Neslihan Arhun, Ayca Arman, Sevi Burçak Cehreli, Serdar Arikan, Erdem Karabulut, Kamran Gülşahi (2006)  Microleakage beneath ceramic and metal brackets bonded with a conventional and an antibacterial adhesive system.   Angle Orthod 76: 6. 1028-1034 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess microleakage of a tooth-adhesive-bracket complex when metal or ceramic brackets were bonded with a conventional and an antibacterial self-etching adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty freshly extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four equal groups and received the following treatments: group 1 = Transbond XT + metal bracket, group 2 = Transbond XT + ceramic bracket, group 3 = Clearfil Protect Bond + ceramic bracket, and group 4 = Clearfil Protect Bond + metal bracket. After photopolymerization, the teeth were kept in distilled water for 1 month and thereafter subjected to thermal cycling (500 cycles). Specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for marginal microleakage for the adhesive-tooth and bracket-adhesive interfaces from incisal and gingival margins. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: All groups demonstrated microleakage between the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces. A significant difference was observed among all groups (P < .05) for the microleakage between the bracket-adhesive interface. Metal brackets exhibited significantly more microleakage than did ceramic brackets between the bracket-adhesive interface with either of the adhesives. Clearfil Protect Bond exhibited results similar to Transbond XT. Clearfil Protect Bond may be a choice of adhesive in bracket bonding because of its antibacterial activity and similar microleakage results with the orthodontic adhesive. CONCLUSIONS: Metal brackets cause more leakage between an adhesive-bracket interface, which may lead to lower clinical shear bond strength and white-spot lesions.
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Emel Olga Onay, Mete Ungor, Hasan Orucoglu (2006)  An in vitro evaluation of the apical sealing ability of a new resin-based root canal obturation system.   J Endod 32: 10. 976-978 Oct  
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the apical sealing ability of the new resin-based Epiphany-Resilon root canal filling system, and to compare this with the sealing abilities of different pairings of AH plus, gutta-percha, Epiphany, and Resilon. Seventy extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. All teeth were instrumented using a set of ProTaper rotary instruments. The canal spaces were filled with different combinations of core and sealer using lateral condensation, as follows: group 1, AH Plus + gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + Resilon; group 3, Epiphany + Resilon; group 4, Epiphany + gutta-percha. Apical leakage quantity was measured with the computerized fluid filtration meter. Statistical analysis indicated that Epiphany gutta-percha combination had the least amount of microleakage than all the other groups; AH Plus gutta-percha combination proved to have second least amount of microleakage among the groups. AH Plus-Resilon combination demonstrated the greatest amount of microleakage. There were a significant difference between Epiphany gutta-percha and AH Plus-Resilon combinations (p < 0.05). It was found that there were no significant differences between Epiphany-Resilon combination and all the other groups (p > 0.05).
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Neslihan Eminkahyagil, Selim Erkut (2006)  An innovative approach to chairside provisional replacement of an extracted anterior tooth: use of fiber-reinforced ribbon-composites and a natural tooth.   J Prosthodont 15: 5. 316-320 Sep/Oct  
Abstract: Immediate chairside replacement of an extracted anterior tooth may contribute to a patient's comfort, treatment acceptance, and expectations of treatment; however, fabrication of a custom restoration in the anterior region of the mouth may result in an esthetic compromise for patients during the fabrication period. Chairside tooth replacement is an excellent application of fiber-reinforced composite resin technology. This article presents an innovative, affordable chairside procedure in which Ribbond Multi-Purpose Bondable Reinforcement Ribbon is used to replace a single extracted anterior tooth using the patient's own tooth.
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N Arhun, A Arman, M Ungor, S Erkut (2006)  A conservative multidisciplinary approach for improved aesthetic results with traumatised anterior teeth.   Br Dent J 201: 8. 509-512 Oct  
Abstract: A subgingival crown-root fracture presents a restorative problem to the clinician because restoration is complicated by the need to maintain the health of the periodontal tissues. If the remaining portion of the root is thought to be enough to support a definitive restoration, the root may be extruded by orthodontic forced eruption after root canal treatment. Extrusion enables the remaining root portion to be elevated above the epithelial attachment. Endodontic posts may be useful in exerting vertical forces to the root for extrusion without buccal tipping. The following case shows multidisciplinary management of a case of dental trauma. Orthodontic forced eruption is incorporated using endodontic posts and restoration with porcelain fused to metal crowns--leading to successful restoration of the traumatised teeth.
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Sina Uckan, Ayca Arman, Burak Bayram, Erkan Celik (2006)  Vector alignment in maxillary distraction osteogenesis.   J Craniofac Surg 17: 5. 992-997 Sep  
Abstract: Maxillary distraction osteogenesis is an alternative treatment of cleft patients with severe maxillary hypoplasia. The aim of this paper is to present the combined surgical/orthodontic treatment of a cleft lip and palate patient and to evaluate the maxillary distraction procedure and the distraction vector in high Le Fort I osteotomy.
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2005
N Eminkahyagil, S Gokalp, Y Korkmaz, M Baseren, E Karabulut (2005)  Sealant and composite bond strength to enamel with antibacterial/self-etching adhesives.   Int J Paediatr Dent 15: 4. 274-281 Jul  
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The enamel in pits and fissures undergoing preventive or ultraconservative resin restorations may be affected by secondary caries. An antibacterial adhesive bond may be a useful choice to prevent and reduce demineralization. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of an experimental antibacterial bond, a self-etch bond, and an ormocer-based adhesive bond using an ormocer-based fissure sealant and a composite resin on intact enamel. METHODS: Twenty-four extracted human molars were sectioned bucco-lingually to obtain two flat and sound enamel surfaces. Forty-eight specimens were randomly assigned into four groups. The groups were prepared to receive the following treatments: (1) Admira Bond + Admira Seal (n = 10); (2) ABF Bond + Admira Seal (n = 11); (3) Clearfil SE Bond + Clearfil AP-X (n = 12); and (4) ABF Bond + Clearfil AP-X (n = 11). A cylindrical mould was placed over the bonded surface, and both materials were applied according to the instructions. The teeth were thermocycled 500 cycles between 5 and 55 degrees with a dwell time of 30 s. For shear bond strength testing, the load was applied vertically to the base of the mould. The cross-head speed was 5 mm min(-1). RESULTS: The maximum load that a specimen can withstand until failure was determined and shear bond strength was calculated by dividing the load at failure by the surface area of the mould. The results (median, minimum and maximum, respectively) for the four groups were: (1) 7.9, 4.2 and 13.6 MPa; (2) 8.6, 2.6 and 15.9 MPa; (3) 5.9, 5.3 and 8.2 MPa; and (4) 8.8, 3.0 and 19.2 MPa. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed for the statistical analysis. Groups 3 and 4 were statistically significantly different (P = 0.005; P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the sealant and composite groups for ABF (P = 0.375). Fracture sites were viewed by microscope under x 16 magnification to determine if the mode of failure was adhesive or cohesive. The results (number of adhesive failed specimens and number of cohesive failed specimens, respectively) for the four groups were: (1) 7 and 3; (2) 3 and 8; (3) 2 and 9; and (4) 8 and 3. CONCLUSION: The ABF bond has sufficiently physical qualities to be used under fissure sealant and composite resin on uncut enamel, its antibacterial efficiency notwithstanding.
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Aydan Açikgöz, Feyza Otan Ozden, Tunç Fisgin, Gokhan Açikgöz, Feride Duru, Nese Yarali, Davut Albayrak (2005)  Oral and dental findings in Fanconi's anemia.   Pediatr Hematol Oncol 22: 6. 531-539 Sep  
Abstract: Fanconi's anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia and congenital malformation of the skeleton. This study investigated the oral health status of 15 children with Fanconi's anemia, including oral lesions, gingival and periodontal status, and dental abnormalities. All children in the group were found to have a tendency to develop tooth decay and were in need of dental treatment. Two had aggressive periodontitis. In one patient supernumerary teeth were found, while in another teeth were congenitally missing. The increased tendency toward periodontal disease in patients with Fanconi's anemia may be due not only to the anemia, leukopenia, and defective detoxification of oxygen radicals that are characteristic of the disease itself, but also to medications applied during intense immunosuppressive treatment, such as prednisolone.
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Sina Uckan, Nurhan Guler, Ayca Arman, Necip Mutlu (2005)  Mandibular midline distraction using a simple device.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 100: 5. e85-e91 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis represents a new option for creation of intra-arch space in the mandibular arch. The aim of this paper is to introduce a simple device (hyrax expander) and method for mandibular midline distraction. STUDY DESIGN: The sample consisted of 24 patients (mean age: 18.07 years) treated with mandibular midline distraction. Hyrax expanders were used as symphyseal distractors, and distraction procedure was carried out with a rate of 1 mm and rhythm of twice daily. RESULTS: Mandibular midline distraction was completed successfully in all patients and the distraction amount was 7.01 mm. No major complication other than mild mucosal irritation and gingival recession was observed. CONCLUSION: The presented method is a viable option for mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis.
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Seda Gürsoy, Ahu Güngör Acar, Cağla Seşen (2005)  Comparison of metal release from new and recycled bracket-archwire combinations.   Angle Orthod 75: 1. 92-94 Jan  
Abstract: Most orthodontic brackets and archwires made from stainless steel or nickel (Ni)-titanium (Ti) alloys can release metal ions into the saliva. This study measures the amounts of metal released from simulated fixed orthodontic appliances. Sixty simulated fixed orthodontic appliances were manufactured in different ways and divided into four equal groups as follows: new brackets and new archwires (group 1 controls), new brackets and recycled archwires (group 2), recycled brackets and new archwires (group 3), and recycled brackets and recycled archwires (group 4). The bracket bases coated with adhesives were heated at 350 degrees C for 30 minutes. Recycled archwires were sterilized by autoclaving. Each appliance was soaked in artificial saliva of pH 7 at 37 degrees C for 45 days. At the end of this period, a sample of the artificial saliva was collected for analysis. Concentrations of Ni, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese, copper (Cu), and Ti ions were measured by atomic absorption and recorded in micrograms per liter. Analysis of variance and the Duncan multiple-range test indicated significant differences among the groups (P < .001). The study revealed the following: (1) group 4 released higher amounts of Cr, Fe, and Ti than any of the other three combinations; (2) Ni release was similar in groups 1 and 2 and in groups 2, 3, and 4; (3) the amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ti ions released from groups 3 and 4 were significantly greater than the amounts released from the other two combinations.
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Sevi Burcak Cengiz, Ilken Kocadereli, H Cem Gungor, Nil Altay (2005)  Adhesive fragment reattachment after orthodontic extrusion: a case report.   Dent Traumatol 21: 1. 60-64 Feb  
Abstract: In the treatment of crown fractures, adhesive fragment reattachment provides a good alternative to other restorative techniques, offering several advantages. The present paper reports a case in which the treatment of a cervical crown fracture was accomplished by reattaching the tooth fragment with a flowable resin composite. Orthodontic root extrusion was performed with a modified Hawley appliance prior to fragment reattachment. The clinical and radiographic results after 2.5 years were successful.
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Omur Polat, Ali Ihya Karaman (2005)  Pain control during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.   Angle Orthod 75: 2. 214-219 Mar  
Abstract: The control of pain during orthodontic treatment is of great interest to both clinicians and patients. However, there has been limited research into the control of this pain, and there is no standard of care for controlling this discomfort. This prospective study determines the pain sequelae in fixed orthodontic treatment and evaluates comparatively the analgesic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the control of this pain. One hundred and fifty orthodontic patients who were to have teeth bonded in at least one arch were randomly assigned to one of six groups: (1) placebo/placebo, (2) ibuprofen/ibuprofen, (3) flurbiprofen/flurbiprofen, (4) acetaminophen/acetaminophen, (5) naproxen sodium/naproxen sodium, and (6) aspirin/aspirin. The pain evaluations were made during chewing, biting, fitting the front teeth, and fitting the back teeth using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) for seven days. All the analgesics succeeded in decreasing the pain levels compared with the placebo group. However, naproxen sodium and aspirin groups showed the lowest pain values, and the acetaminophen group showed VAS results similar to those of the two analgesics.
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P Imirzalioglu, N Biler, A M Agildere (2005)  Clinical and radiological follow-up results of patients with untreated TMJ closed lock.   J Oral Rehabil 32: 5. 326-331 May  
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological findings of untreated closed lock patients at least 22 months after initial diagnosis. Ten patients with closed lock in at least one joint who had received no treatment were included in the study. Clinically maximum mouth opening, joint pain and joint sounds were recorded. Radiologically position of the disc, disc morphology, bone degeneration and presence of fluid were determined on magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and radiological examinations were repeated 2-5 years after initial examinations. Results were statistically compared using either the non-parametric McNemar test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. There were significant improvements in both mouth opening capacity and prevalence of joint pain, while no significant change in radiological examination. The results of this study suggested that closed lock patients undergo active adaptation in clinical symptoms.
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Sina Uckan, Yener Oguz, Yavuz Uyar, Atilla Ozyesil (2005)  Reconstruction of a total maxillectomy defect with a zygomatic implant-retained obturator.   J Craniofac Surg 16: 3. 485-489 May  
Abstract: Treatment options of maxillary fibrous dysplasia are surgical recontouring or total or partial maxillectomy depending on the site and behavior of the lesion. Among the reconstruction procedures, which include many surgical options, reconstruction using a maxillary obturator is the least invasive one. This report describes a case of aggressive maxillary fibrous dysplasia that was treated with a total maxillectomy and reconstructed with a malar implant-retained maxillary obturator.
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Omur Polat, Ali Ihya Karaman, Ercan Durmus (2005)  Effects of preoperative ibuprofen and naproxen sodium on orthodontic pain.   Angle Orthod 75: 5. 791-796 Sep  
Abstract: Three experimental groups of 20 patients each, all of whom were to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment, were enrolled in this prospective study. Group 1 was given a placebo, group 2 was given 400 mg ibuprofen, and group 3 was given 550 mg naproxen sodium. All the patients received only one dose that was given one hour before archwire placement. All patients were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning the pain perceived after archwire placement. The questionnaire was in the form of a seven-page booklet that contained 100-mm horizontal Visual Analogue Scale on which the patient marked the degree of discomfort at the indicated time periods. The patients were instructed to make a check on the scale at each time interval to represent the perceived severity of pain during each of four activities, ie, chewing, biting, fitting back teeth together, and fitting front teeth together. Incidence and severity of pain were recorded by the patient at two hours, six hours, nighttime on the day of appointment, 24 hours after the appointment, and two days, three days, and seven days after bonding. The results revealed that patients taking 550 mg naproxen sodium one hour before archwire placement had significantly lower levels of pain at two hours, six hours, and nighttime after adjustment than patients taking placebo or ibuprofen. However, the use of additional postoperative doses was recommended to control orthodontic pain completely.
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Sule Bulut, B Handan Ozdemir, Emine Elif Alaaddinoĝlu, Füsun Bahar Oduncuoĝlu, Omer Engin Bulut, Beyhan Demirhan (2005)  Effect of cyclosporin A on apoptosis and expression of p53 and bcl-2 proteins in the gingiva of renal transplant patients.   J Periodontol 76: 5. 691-695 May  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy, but the exact mechanism for this is unknown. Apoptosis plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and mediators of this process may be involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced GO. This study compared p53 expression, bcl-2 expression, and apoptosis in gingival samples from CsA-treated renal transplant recipients to findings in controls with gingivitis. METHODS: Twenty-two kidney recipients with CsA-induced GO and 15 systemically healthy subjects with gingivitis were included in the study. The 15 systemically and periodontally healthy volunteer control group were immunohistochemically analyzed for grades of p53 and bcl-2 expression, and were processed using terminal TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique to identify and grade levels of apoptosis. RESULTS: There were no differences between the CsA group and the control group with respect to grades of p53 and bcl-2 expression (P >0.05 for both). However, the CsA group showed a lower apoptosis grade than the control group (P <0.05). None of the clinical parameters was significantly correlated with any of the immunohistochemical findings for p53 or bcl-2 (P >0.05 for all). Similarly, grade of apoptosis was not correlated with any of the clinical parameters (P >0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between serum CsA level and level of bcl-2 expression, but serum CsA was not significantly correlated with level of apoptosis or level of p53 expression. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the pathogenesis of CsA-induced GO might involve inhibition of apoptosis, and overexpression of bcl-2 in the setting of high serum CsA.
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Neslihan Eminkahyagil, Yonca Korkmaz, Saadet Gokalp, Meserret Baseren (2005)  Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with newly developed antibacterial self-etch adhesive.   Angle Orthod 75: 5. 843-848 Sep  
Abstract: Because the enamel adjacent to brackets may be affected by microorganisms, an antibacterial adhesive may be a useful choice to prevent and reduce demineralization. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the (1) shear bond strength of a self-etch and an antibacterial self-etch adhesive for orthodontic metal brackets and (2) bond failure interface of a self-etch and an antibacterial self-etch adhesive using a modified adhesive remnant index (ARI). Twenty-four defect-free premolars were randomly assigned into two groups. The teeth received the following treatments-group 1: Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer + Transbond XT; group 2: antibacterial dentin bonding system (ABF) + Transbond XT. All samples were stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Shear debonding tests were performed at a crosshead speed of five mm/min. The results in megapascals were (median, minimum, maximum) group 1: 8.53, 4.59, 12.63; group 2: 9.79, 4.01, 22.10, respectively. Mann-Whitney test revealed that the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P = .2, P > .05). Failed brackets were examined by an optical microscope at 16x magnification to determine the bond failure interface using a modified ARI. The predominant mode of failure for both groups was at the bracket-adhesive interface. ABF may have sufficient mechanical properties and also an antibacterial effect that makes it a good choice for orthodontic bonding.
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Emine Elif Alaaddinoglu, Gülten Karabay, Sule Bulut, Füsun Bahar Oduncuoglu, Handan Ozdemir, Omer Engin Bulut, Turan Colak (2005)  Apoptosis in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth: a histological study.   J Periodontol 76: 2. 166-170 Feb  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is known to induce gingival overgrowth. Apoptosis plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammation and the host immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate apoptosis in CsA-induced gingival enlargement using electron microscopy examination of keratinocytes. METHODS: Gingiva specimens were collected from 12 CsA-treated renal transplant patients with gingival overgrowth and eight healthy controls with gingivitis. Clinical findings (probing depth, gingival index, and plaque index) were compared in the two groups. Histological and ultrastructural features of the specimens were also compared, and extent of keratinocyte apoptosis was scored on a three-tier scale: 0 = no apoptotic cells; 1 = one or two apoptotic cells; 2 = more than two cells. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups with respect to gingiva-related clinical findings or extent of keratinocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the extent of keratinocyte apoptosis in the gingiva of kidney recipients with CsA-induced gingival overgrowth is similar to that observed in inflamed gingiva of healthy individuals. Further studies on apoptosis of different cell types in the presence of CsA should clarify this agent's role in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival enlargement.
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P Imirzalioĝlu, S Uckan, E E Alaaddinoĝlu, A Haberal, D Uckan (2005)  Cigarette smoking and apoptosis.   J Periodontol 76: 5. 737-739 May  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial cell hyperplasia and significant increase in thickness of the overlying orthokeratin layer are characteristic findings noted in the oral cavity of subjects who smoke. Increased proliferation of epithelial cells or defective apoptosis may play a role in the development of epithelial hyperplasia. Thus we analyzed soluble Fas and nuclear matrix protein (NMP) levels in the saliva of smokers (N = 13) and non-smokers (N = 14) to assess apoptosis. METHODS: Ten ml of unstimulated saliva samples was obtained from 14 non-smoker and 13 smoker subjects with the spitting method. These samples were analyzed by using an immunoassay kit to detect soluble human APO-1/Fas and cell death detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit based on nuclear matrix protein 41/7 qualification. RESULTS: The mean soluble Fas levels were 153.8 +/- 290 pg/ml and 315.4 +/- 490 pg/ml and NMP levels were 21.81 +/- 10.70 U/ml and 30.31 +/- 19.86 U/ml, respectively, in smokers and nonsmokers. The difference between NMP levels of smoker and non-smoker groups was statistically significant (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that smoking may induce anti-apoptotic mechanism in the oral cavity.
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Omür Polat, Tancan Uysal, Ali Ihya Karaman (2005)  Effects of a chlorhexidine varnish on shear bond strength in indirect bonding.   Angle Orthod 75: 6. 1036-1040 Nov  
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an antimicrobial varnish on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded with an indirect bonding resin. For this purpose, 60 noncarious human premolars were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was an indirect bonding control group and, after acid etching of the enamel, the brackets were indirectly bonded to the teeth with an indirect bonding resin. In group 2, before bonding, an antimicrobial varnish was painted on the etched enamel and indirect bonding was carried out as in group 1. In group 3, Transbond MIP primer and the antimicrobial varnish were thoroughly mixed in a 1:2 proportion, applied to the enamel surface, light cured for 20 seconds, and the brackets were direct bonded. A universal testing machine was used to determine the maximum load necessary to debond the brackets, the SBS values recorded, and the adhesive remnant index scores determined. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD, and chi-square tests. Results of ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the SBS among the various groups tested (P < .05). Indirect bonding of brackets with Sondhi Rapid Set after the application of the antimicrobial varnish showed significantly lower SBS when compared with both the group 2, indirect bonding control group, and the group 3, direct bonded-antimicrobial varnish group.
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2004
Ayça Arman, T Ufuk Toygar, Eyas Abuhijleh (2004)  Profile changes associated with different orthopedic treatment approaches in Class III malocclusions.   Angle Orthod 74: 6. 733-740 Dec  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the soft tissue effects of chincup (CC), chincup plus bite plate (CC+P), and reverse headgear (RHg) therapies with each other and with an untreated control group (C). The material consisted of lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist films of 59 Class III cases and 20 nontreated control subjects. Thirty-one cases were treated with CC, 14 with CC+P, and 14 with RHg, and Class I relation was achieved. The mean pretreatment ages were approximately 11 years and the observation period was one year. The cephalometric films were analyzed according to the structural superimposition method of Björk. All tracings were double digitized, and the measurements were calculated by a computer program (PORDIOS). Treatment and control changes within the groups and the differences between the groups were analyzed statistically. Forward positioning of the maxilla was significant in the RHg group, whereas the mandible was positioned backward significantly in all the treatment groups. Posterior rotation of the mandible was significant in the CC+P and RHg groups. The overjet increased and the overbite decreased significantly in all the treatment groups. Forward movement of soft tissue A and upper lip was significant in all groups, whereas more pronounced in the CC+P group. The soft tissue changes in the mandibular region were significant in the CC and CC+P groups, whereas in the maxillary region more significant and similar improvements were obtained by CC+P and RHg treatments. Longterm studies are required to confirm the stability of these changes.
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Selim Erkut, Neslihan Eminkahyagil, Pervin Imirzalioglu, Umut Tunga (2004)  A technique for restoring an overflared root canal in an anterior tooth.   J Prosthet Dent 92: 6. 581-583 Dec  
Abstract: This article describes a technique for fabricating a dowel and core for a tooth with an overflared root canal. The technique involves supporting a glass fiber-reinforced prefabricated dowel with chopped silanated glass fibers.
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2003
S Uckan, D Buchbinder (2003)  Sinus lift approach for the retrieval of root fragments from the maxillary sinus.   Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32: 1. 87-90 Feb  
Abstract: A new application of a well-known technique; lateral wall sinus approach, to remove a root fragment from the maxillary sinus with minimal damage to the epithelial lining and anterior face of maxilla is described. The technique presented in this article helps eliminate some of the complications associated with Caldwell Luc procedure while preserving the epithelial lining of the maxillary sinus and bony face of maxilla.
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Seda Gursoy Haydar, Aylin Tercan, Sina Uckan, Berkan Gurakan (2003)  Congenital gum synechiae as an isolated anomaly: a case report.   J Clin Pediatr Dent 28: 1. 81-83  
Abstract: Congenital adhesions between different parts of the oral cavity rarely occur. These adhesions usually present difficulty in feeding and even respiration soon after birth. In the case presented here the mild form of gum synechia without associated congenital anomaly was treated by excision of the anterior and posterior alveolar bands. Potential jaw and temporomandibular joint development was not compromised and functional problems were eliminated with such a noninvasive procedure.
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2002
Sina Uckan, Seda Gursoy Haydar, Dogan Dolanmaz (2002)  Alveolar distraction: analysis of 10 cases.   Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 94: 5. 561-565 Nov  
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications of alveolar distraction and outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Ten patients with alveolar ridge deficiencies were treated with alveolar distraction osteogenesis by means of intraosseous distractors (Lead system, Stryker Leibenger, Kalamazoo, Mich). The deficiencies were caused by atrophy after periodontal disease or atrophy after tooth extraction (n = 6), benign tumor resection (n = 2), trauma (n = l), or oligodontia in a case of ectodermal dysplasia (n = l). The location of the defects was the anterior mandible (7), posterior mandible (1), and anterior maxilla (2). The mean follow-up was 1.8 years, with a range of 10 months to 3 years. RESULTS: The mean alveolar distraction achieved in 10 cases was 8.7 mm (5-15 mm). The intraoperative and postoperative problems encountered were lingual (n = 3) and palatal (n = 2) displacement of the distracted segment, fracture of the distracted segment in a very thin alveolar bone (n = 1), and intraoperative bleeding (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Overall complication rate was 70%. However, most of the complications were minor and eliminated easily. Implant success rate was 85%.
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S Uckan, D Dolanmaz, A Kalayci, U Cilasun (2002)  Distraction osteogenesis of basal mandibular bone for reconstruction of the alveolar ridge.   Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40: 5. 393-396 Oct  
Abstract: Alveolar distraction is being used increasingly for alveolar bone reconstruction in patients with severe mandibular defects. When there has been total loss of alveolar bone, distraction of the mandibular basal bone is necessary. Distraction osteogenesis is considerably more challenging in mandibular basal bone than in alveolar bone. The low level of the cut increases the technical difficulty and may result in a poor outcome. We describe three cases in which more than 10 mm of distraction of mandibular basal bone was required. Semirigid distraction devices were used to reconstruct the alveolar structures in each case.
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Pervin Imirzalioglu, Sina Uckan, Seda Gürsoy Haydar (2002)  Surgical and prosthodontic treatment alternatives for children and adolescents with ectodermal dysplasia: a clinical report.   J Prosthet Dent 88: 6. 569-572 Dec  
Abstract: Ectodermal dysplasia with oligodontia and anodontia is characterized by absence or deficiency of the alveolar ridges. The optimal surgical and prosthetic approach varies in relation to patient age and the amount of bone that is present. This clinical report presents rehabilitation alternatives for ectodermal dysplasia in children and adolescents.
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Ayça Arman Akgül, T Ufuk Toygar (2002)  Natural craniofacial changes in the third decade of life: a longitudinal study.   Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 122: 5. 512-522 Nov  
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the natural craniofacial and dentoalveolar changes that occur in the third decade of life. Natural head position lateral cephalometric films and dental casts of 30 people (14 women and 16 men) were evaluated. The mean age at the beginning of the observation period was 22.35 years for the women and 22.19 years for the men, and the observation period was approximately 10 years. Cephalometric films were superimposed by the structural method, and the measurements of the dental casts were made with a digital caliper. All tracings were digitized, and changes in the 65 cephalometric and 10 dental cast measurements were evaluated statistically. In this early adult period, small changes were found in the craniofacial and craniocervical parameters; the changes were more significant in the women. The most significant changes were found in the vertical dimension. The total anterior face height increased in both genders, while the lower anterior face height increased significantly in the female group. Soft tissue measurements reflected the vertical skeletal changes. The retrusion of the upper lip was significant in the women, and the upper lip thickness decreased in both genders. In the dentoalveolar region, the main movement was eruption of the teeth. The overbite amount increased significantly only in the female group. All dental arch measurements decreased in both sexes. The decrease in the mandibular arch length discrepancy was significant in the men. These findings have important clinical implications regarding the long-term stability and retention of orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment results.
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Sule Bulut, Emine E Alaaddinoglu, Banu Bilezikçi, Beyhan Demirhan, Gokhan Moray (2002)  Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth.   J Periodontol 73: 8. 892-899 Aug  
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent that is known to induce gingival overgrowth (GO). Pharmacological, genetic, immunologic, and inflammatory factors seem to be involved in the complex pathogenesis of drug-induced GO. Lymphocyte subpopulations in human gingival connective tissue have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. One purpose of this study was to quantify CD4, CD8-, CD57-, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)-positive cells in the gingiva of renal transplant recipients treated with CsA, and compare them to findings in healthy controls. A second aim was to correlate cell numbers with clinical findings. METHODS: The study included 19 kidney recipients who were taking CsA and had significant GO (CsAGO+), 13 recipients who were taking CsA but showed no GO (CsAGO-), and 14 systemically healthy individuals with gingivitis (C). Sections from gingival biopsies were incubated with monoclonal antibodies for CD4, CD8, EMA, and CD57, and then analyzed using the avidin-biotin complex method. In each specimen, the mononuclear cell types were quantified and their distribution was evaluated in 3 separate tissue zones: S = subepithelial connective tissue beneath the sulcular epithelium; O = subepithelial connective tissue beneath the oral epithelium; and M = middle connective tissue. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in each of the 3 zones (P >0.05). In zone S, the CsAGO+ group had significantly more EMA-positive cells than either the C or CsAGO- groups (P <0.05). There were significant differences among the groups regarding numbers of CD57+ (natural killer) cells in zone M, with the lowest cell numbers in the CsAGO+ patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that low numbers of natural killer cells are important in the expression of plaque-induced inflammatory changes in CsA-associated GO. It appears that these cells may influence the drug's ability to induce proliferative activity.
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2001
U Bulut, H Develioglu, I L Taner, E Berker (2001)  Interleukin-1 beta levels in gingival crevicular fluid in type 2 diabetes mellitus and adult periodontitis.   J Oral Sci 43: 3. 171-177 Sep  
Abstract: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) is a potent bone-resorptive cytokine that also mediates soft-tissue destruction by stimulating prostaglandin production and inducing collagenase and other protease activity. The literature suggests that this substance may be an important mediator of attachment loss in human periodontitis, and indicates that IL-1beta may be useful for locating sites of periodontal disease activity. There is some evidence that IL-1beta is produced by cells of the periodontium, and that it can be detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Many factors are known to contribute to the destruction of periodontal tissue. One of the most important is immune deficiency in diabetes. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the concentration of IL-1beta in the GCF of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), otherwise healthy adults with periodontitis, and individuals with no periodontal disease in order to assess whether diabetes alters IL-1beta levels. We also examined relationships between GCF levels and the clinical parameters of pocket depth, plaque index, and bleeding index in each group. Seventeen patients with Type 2 DM, 17 adult periodontitis patients (AP), and 17 healthy controls were selected. The levels of IL-1beta in the GCF were quantified by ELISA. The mean IL-1beta concentrations in the Type 2 DM, AP, and control groups were 200.1 +/- 65.34 pg/microl, 131.35 +/- 67.66 pg/microl, and 80.0 +/- 36.08 pg/microl, respectively. The levels in the diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in the AP and control subjects. There were no significant correlations between IL-1beta level and any of the clinical data parameters for each group. We believe that the macrophages may over produce IL-beta in Type 2 DM and increased IL-1beta levels in diabetic patients could be linked to altered immune function.
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2000
G Ikinci, Y Capan, S Senel, E Alaaddinoğlu, T Dalkara, A A Hincal (2000)  In vitro/in vivo studies on a buccal bioadhesive tablet formulation of carbamazepine.   Pharmazie 55: 10. 762-765 Oct  
Abstract: A buccoadhesive controlled-release system for delivery of carbamazepine (CBZ) was prepared by compression of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbomer, incorporating a penetration enhancer, sodium glycodeoxycholate (GDC). The release behaviour of systems containing CBZ and various amounts of the two polymers with and without GDC was found to be non-Fickian. Formation of an interpolymer complex between HPMC and carbomer was confirmed in acidic medium by turbidity, viscosity and FT-IR measurements. Addition of the drug to the buccoadhesive formulation reduced the adhesion force significantly (p < 0.1). GDC did not have any effect on bioadhesion. Permeability of bovine buccal mucosa to CBZ was determined using Ussing diffusion chambers [1]. In vivo interaction between the tablet and tissue was examined histologically as well as by scoring mucosal irritation. Histological changes observed in the buccal epithelium after 4 h contact with the tablets containing GDC recovered completely within 24 h after removal. No measurable plasma level of CBZ was obtained either in the absence or presence of GDC.
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N Ozmeriç, G Ozcan, C M Haytaç, E E Alaaddinoğlu, M F Sargon, S Senel (2000)  Chitosan film enriched with an antioxidant agent, taurine, in fenestration defects.   J Biomed Mater Res 51: 3. 500-503 Sep  
Abstract: A natural polysaccharide, chitosan (poly-N-acetyl glucosaminoglycan), which is a nontoxic and bioabsorbable polymer, has been shown to have hemostatic and antibacterial effects. An amino acid, taurine, is considered to be beneficial for regulating the inflammation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of taurine and chitosan in the experimental defects at the vestibular bone of maxillary canine teeth in six dogs. Chitosan films were prepared as delivery system with or without taurine and placed in the randomly chosen defects. Biopsies were performed on the postoperative seventh day and routine histological procedures were performed for light and electron microscopic evaluations. For each group, 30 different microscopic areas were examined and the numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in these areas were counted. The mean numbers of both macrophages and neutrophils were found statistically different between the chitosan film incorporated with taurine and free chitosan groups (p < 0.0001 p > 0.05). In addition to the increase in cell counts in both groups, the cytological alterations were more obvious in the chitosan film group incorporated with taurine. Accordingly, taurine appears to enhance the acceleration effect of chitosan on wound healing at early periods. This effect could be considered beneficial in tissue repair in destructive diseases like periodontitis.
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