Gizella Jahnke

Abstract: Based on our former experiences 7 Pinot gris, 4 Pinot noir clones and Pinot blanc were analysed in 16 (VVS2, VMC5E9, VMC3D12, VVIM10, VMC5G8, VMCNG1E1, VMC1F10, VMC2H4, VMC8A7, VMC7G3, VVMD28, VrZag21, VrZag79, VMC1C10, VrZag25, Scu06vv) microsatellite loci. A dendogramm was constructed using the shared allele method for the estimates of genetic similarity between pairs, and the neighbour joining method for clustering. Based on our results, it can be established, that the Pinot clones all showed high similarity. The Pinot gris clones bred in Badacsony, Hungary (B. 10, B. 10/5, B. 10/10) formed a group and showed the highest similarity with Pinot gris 34 from Romania. The other Pinot gris clones formed another group with Pinot noir C-162. These clones all originated from Western Europe (Germany, France). These genetic differences could be traced back to the different geographical origin of the different clones. Highlights � This study is about SSR analysis of clones of the Pinots grown in Hungary. � 12 Pinot cultivars and clones were distinguished. � Genetic differences could be traced back to the geographical origin of the clones.

Abstract: The aim of our work was to investigate the genetic diversity of grapevine with biochemical and molecular markers (isoenzyme and SSR). The isoenzyme patterns of 4 enzyme systems (catechol-oxidase, glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase) and the microsatellite profile in 6 loci (VVS2, VVS16, VVMD7, VMC4A1, VMC4G6, VrZag79) of 48 grapevine varieties were analysed. The results with CO, GOT, AcP and PER enzymes were reproducible and the zymograms obtained from the woody stems were independent from the time of sampling during the dormant period of the grape. Based on the isoenzyme patterns of these 4 enzymes most of the investigated varieties (40/48) were identified. A correlation was found between the isoenzyme patterns and the classification to convarietas of the varieties. It was established, that while the varieties of the convarietas pontica differed from those of the convarietas orientalis and occidentalis, the two latter groups could have not been differentiated from each other. Based on the SSR (simple sequence repeat) analyses 46 of the 48 investigated varieties were identified. Even �Pinot blanc� and �Pinot gris� cultivars belonging to the same conculta (Pinot) could be differentiated in their VMC4A1 locus.

Abstract: The range of grapevine cultivars traditionally grown in Hungary differs from these that are growing in western Europe, as they mostly belong to the pontican cultivars. Most of these cultivars are more resistant for abiotic stress factors, specially they have higher drought tolerance. Our aim was to find an isoenzyme marker, what is characteristic for most of the traditional Hungarian grapevine cultivars, to help our breeding work as well. First 20 grapevine cultivars were investigated by isoenzyme analyses. We used a 3-parted vertical poliacrylamide gel system for the separation of the soluble isoenzymes of acid phosphatase (AcP), peroxidase (PER), glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase (GOT) and cathecol-oxidase (CO). Comparing the banding patterns we noticed a special banding pattern of the acid phosphatase (AcP) of the woody stems (in the case of 4 cultivars) that we don�t find in the literature. In the investigation of leaf extracts, we find that these 4 cultivars have one additional band in their zymogram as well. It perhaps means, that this additional form of acid phosphatase in these cultivars is controlled by an additional locus. As all this 4 cultivars has pontican origin, we extended the range of cultivars to 60 to clarify if this phenotype appears only in the range of the pontican cultivars, or can be encountered in other groups of Vitis vinifera. On the basis of this result it can be established, that more than 2/3 of the cultivars, which morphologically belongs to the subconvarietas pontica gives this zymogram, as from the other groups (subconvar. occidentalis and orientalis) only one cultivar gave this phenotype.

Abstract: n 1997, in one-year old plantations at the FVM Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology, Badacsony, a serious increase in phylloxera leaf-galling was observed. In 2001, leaf-galling was estimated in one- and two-year old plantations of Vitis vinifera L. �Kéknyelű�, �Budai� and �Badacsony 36� and �Rózsak��. In the fall of 2006 leaf-galling was examined on V. vinifera �Sauvignon Blanc�. From the European varieties, the leaf galls were more frequently observed on the Muscat-like varieties, the most sensitive being �Cserszegi Fűszeres�. On V. vinifera �Sauvignon Blanc� leaf galling was observed on 96% of the foliage. On the upper leaves of randomly selected shoots 73% were infected. Our observations, results and experiences confirm the necessity for an in-depth investigation of leaf galling phylloxera, in preparedness for new infestations on European varieties.

Abstract: The real origin (crossing partners) of rootstocks and their clones derived from Teleki�s seedlings are still unknown. Therefore, as a first step, we aimed at determining the genetic similarities or differences among these rootstocks by molecular tools. We have analysed 38 different rootstocks at seven microsatellite loci (VVMD5, VVMD6, VVMD7, VVMD28, VVMD31, VVS2, and VVS29). The genetic relatedness among the analysed clones can be inferred from the results presented in this paper.

Abstract: The name of the grapevine cultivar �Kéknyelű� has become inseparable from the name of the Badacsony vine region, whose fame is well known beyond our frontier as well. In the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (http://www.genres.de/idb/vitis/) �Kéknyelű� is reported, as the synonym of the Italian grapevine cultivar �Picolit�. Vertical poliacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was used for the investigation isoenzymes of catechol-oxidase (CO) and acid phosphatase (AcP). Microsatellite analyses were carried out at 6 loci (VVS2, VVS16, VrZag79, VVMD7, VMC4A1, VMC4G6). The results of the isoenzymatic and microsatellite analyses confirmed, that this two cultivars are different.

Abstract: The name of the grapevine cultivar �Kéknyelű� has become inseparable from the name of the Badacsony vine region, it�s fame is well known beyond our frontier as well. �Kéknyelű has a functional female flower, and because of it, the pollen is sterile. In the Internet, we find on the Vitis International Variety Catalogue site (http://www.genres.de/idb/vitis/), the �Kéknyelű�, as the synonym of the Italian grapevine cultivar �Picolit�. In the morphological description, we find that this cultivar has � as the �Kéknyelű� � functional female flowers, but the shape of the mature leaves of the two cultivars differs. Vertical poliacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was used for the investigation of catechol-oxidase (CO) and acid phosphatase (AcP). The results of the isoenzymatic analyses confirmed, that this two cultivars are different.

Abstract: The frost hardiness of 102 traditional and newly bred Hungarian Vitis vinifera and interspecific cultivars were tested using artificial frost treatments in climatic chambers. The sugar content of treated buds was analysed for sucrose, glucose, fructose and raffinose by over pressure layer chromatography. The traditional Hungarian cultivars belonging to convar. Pontica, are regarded as tender cultivars, but some of these varieties which can only be found in gene banks showed fairly good frost tolerance. In the new V. vinifera varieties, �Cserszegi fűszeres� and �Generosa� were the most hardy. Among the interspecific cultivars �2426� (Franco-American origin), �Amadeus�, �Orpheus�, �Odysseus� and �Pannon frankos� (V. amurensis origin) showed excellent frost resistance.

Abstract: Isoenzyme analysis was used for the investigation of genetic variability of 20 grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. Vertical poliacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was employed to investigate the soluble isoenzymes of catechol-oxidase (CO), peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (AcP), Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), Glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), Glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI) or Phosphoglucomutase (PGM). We have established that the isoenzymatic characterisation of grapevine cultivars, with the combination of different enzyme systems, is suitable for the identification the cultivars.

Abstract: We used isoenzymatic analysis for the characterisation of grapevine cultivars bred in Badacsony. Vertical poliacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was employed to investigate 20 Vitis vinifera cultivars. Nine of them are in Badacsony bred hybrids (4 before state registration, 5 state registered), eight of them are the parents of one of the 9 hybrids, and the other 3 are known, in Hungary quite important cultivars for the basis of comparison. We used 3 gel-buffer systems to separate the soluble isoenzymes of catechol-oxidase (CO), peroxidase (PER), acid phosphatase (AcP), and esterase (EST). We can established, that the isoenzymatic characterisation of grapevine cultivars, with the combination of different enzyme systems, can be suitable for cultivar identification as well.

Abstract: The name of the grapevine cultivar �Kéknyelű� has become inseparable from the name of the Badacsony vine region, its fame is well known beyond our borders. During the history of the vine region it was known as a cultivar, which provided a poor yield, but top quality. Considering the professional experiences, we set up experiments for the exploration of the cultivation value and fertilisation relations of the cultivar �Kéknyelű�. In the experimental plots we examined the effect of the following treatments: � training-systems � pollinator cultivars, � plantation combinations, � bunch isolation. Summarising our results it can be established, that the fertilisation, and through that the crop of the �Kéknyelű� is significantly effected by the training-system, the pollinator cultivar, and the presence of the strange pollen. Besides it can be established, that the �Badacsony 36� candidate cultivar often effected the crop more favourably than the �Budai�. At the same time, the investigated treatments did not effect significantly the must degree and the titratable acidity of the must. Summarising our results it can be established, that the applied treatments can considerably improve the fertilisation of the �Kéknyelű�, thereby they positively effect the quantity of the crop, so the cultivar �Kéknyelű� can provide a competitive accomplishment in today�s changed marketplace.

Abstract: Vertical polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was employed for the investigation of polymorphism in traditional Hungarian apricot cultivars. We used three gel-buffer systems for the separation of soluble isoenzymes of EST, PER, GOT, LAP, ACP, SKDH, MDH and IDH. A comparison was made between the results obtained by PAGE and by starch gel electrophoresis.

Abstract: The success of plant breeding is basically determined by the genetic polymorphism of the stock material, in the case of all species. During the cross breeding of plants, the highest the genetic variability of the offspring population is, the highest the genetic distance between the crossed parents is. My aims were to investigate the isoenzyme patterns in 8 enzyme systems (CO, GOT, AcP, PER, EST, LAP, GPI, PGM), and to determine the microsatellite profile in 7 loci of 48 grapevine varieties. In the case of the CO, GOT, AcP and PER enzymes the results were reproducible and the patterns of the woody stems were independent from the time of sampling in the resting period of the grape. Based on the isoenzyme patterns of these 4 enzymes the most of the investigated 48 varieties (40 varieties) were identifiable. I find correlation between the isoenzyme patterns and the pertain to convarietas of the varieties. It was established, that while the varieties of the convarietas pontica differentiate from the varieties of the convarietas orientalis and occidentalis, the last two groups don�t differentiate strongly from each other. I identified a special acid phosphatase isoenzyme banding pattern, which is characteristic for the pontican cultivars, but it seldom appears in other two groups. It was possible to evidence the otherness of the grapevine cultivars �Kéknyelű� and �Picolit� with both isoenzyme and microsatellite markers. Based on my microsatellite analyses I was able to identify 46 varieties from the 48 investigated ones. Based on the results of the misrosatellite analyses with the VMC4A1 primers it was possible to differenciate 2 cultivars of the Pinot conculta, the �Pinot blanc� and the �Szürkebarát�.