Delimaris A Ioannis

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Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Even though it is known that antioxidants can be obtained from food (mainly fruits and vegetables) the consumption of antioxidant supplements in the general population is broad in extent. The results of epidemiological studies where people were treated with antioxidant supplements are inconclusive and contradictory; however, they are numerous and comprise an intensive field of research. Less is known about the supplementation of antioxidant enzymes because randomized clinical trials are limited, and the potential harmful effects of their overconsumption have only recently started to be investigated. The aim of this brief review is to investigate the potential dangers of antioxidant enzymes overuse (high doses obtained from artificial oral supplements or intravenous infusion ) on people's health status. METHODS: Original articles were searched via the online databases PubMed and Google Scholar published between 1990 and 2012. RESULTS: Data indicate that high doses of supplementary antioxidant enzymes could act as double-edged swords in cellular redox state as they present health beneficial effects at physiologic doses versus deleterious effects at high doses. Since randomized clinical trials with regard to antioxidant enzymes are scarce there is no official recommended dosage, and if the dose is set too high, safety problems are likely to result. Excessive antioxidant action could adversely affect key physiological processes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of antioxidant enzymes is not an alternative to regular consumption of fruits and vegetables. Antioxidant compounds within fruits and vegetables may be considered as being more safe and healthy compared to isolated, high doses, such as present in nutritional supplements. Further evidence-based research should focus on the need to answer the questions regarding what effects dose and environment have on pro-oxidant/antioxidant mechanisms before recommending nutritional supplement interventions with antioxidant enzymes.

Abstract: The electronic learning (e-learning) on biology and nutrition offers many educational opportunities for effective teaching, as it enhances the self-motivation and feedback of the student, while it represents a constantly evolving source of knowledge for the teacher. Research is important for evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of the use of educational websites, although there are significant difficulties due to the interaction of the subject with information by social media. In this paper we attempt to summarize all the available �to date- information on these issues.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Greek Orthodox Christian (GOC) diet is periodically interchanging to a vegetarian-type diet and shares all the features of the Mediterranean diet. Several studies have described its dietary regulations, however, its possible involvement in health has only recently started to be investigated. The aim of this present study is to clarify the effects of GOC fasting on people's health. METHODS: Original articles were searched via the online databases PubMed and Google Scholar published between 2000 and 2012. RESULTS: Data indicate that adult and child fasters enjoy better dietary quality in comparison with non-fasters. In particular, GOC fasting appears to decrease body mass. The consumption of fat (total and saturated) is reduced, cholesterol (total and LDL) levels are lessened, while fiber intake is increased during fasting periods. The intake of most antioxidant vitamins and minerals does not appear to alter during fasting. CONCLUSIONS: Existing data are still limited but very encouraging and underline the importance of initiating the design and performance of future dietary intervention studies focused on the potential health benefits of GOC fasting.

Abstract: �utritional antioxidants are considered to play a key role in maintaining the physiological functions of the human body. In recent years, the effectiveness of antioxidants contained in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles as blocking agents against LDL oxidation has been intensively investigated. However, despite the positive results of studies carried out in cell cultures and animals, the theoretically expected beneficial effect on humans has not been established, since randomized population studies showed a less encouraging clinical picture. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of nutritional antioxidants in the inhibition of LDL oxidation, with emphasis on antioxidants naturally found in the LDL particles.

Abstract: The fundamental role of copper and the recognition of its complexes as important bio- active compounds in vitro and in vivo aroused an ever-increasing interest on these agents as potential drugs for therapeutic intervention in various diseases. The vast array of information available for their bio-inorganic properties and mode of action in several biological systems, combined with the new opportunities offered by the flourishing technologies of medicinal chemistry, are creating an exciting scenario for the development of a novel generation of highly active drugs with minimized side-effects which could add significantly to the current clinical research and practice. In the present review we attempt to summarize all the available to date information on these issues.

Abstract: Objectives: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the extent of oxidative stress in patients with aneurysmal and arterial occlusive disease (AAOD) by analyzing the magnitude of serum oxidizability, total antioxidant status and serum antioxidants and to evaluate their potential clinical significance. Design and methods: The study was conducted on 47 patients with AAOD and 49 healthy individuals. Oxidative stress was assessed by: a) copper-induced lipid oxidation described in terms of �lag-time� (tLAG) and �maximal rate of accumulation of absorbing products� (RA) and b) the measurement of serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and hydrophilic serum antioxidants (albumin, uric acid, transferrin, bilirubin). LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were also estimated. Results: A decrease of tLAG and albumin levels in patients as compared to controls was observed. tLAG was negatively correlated with RA in both patients and controls. RA and LDL-cholesterol did not differ between the two groups. HDL-cholesterol was decreased in patients in comparison to controls. There is statistically significant evidence that low albumin serum levels are associated with increased risk of AAOD. Conclusions: The results support the involvement of oxidative stress in AAOD. Significant alterations in serum oxidizability were found in patients with AAOD and low albumin serum levels were correlated with the disease. Clinical evaluation of both findings needs further investigation.

Abstract: Objective In obese postmenopausal women with normal glucose metabolism (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) we assessed serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in order to investigate their response to acute changes in glucose and insulin in the abnormal glucose metabolism, as it is early detected by IGT. Methods Thirty in total, overweight/obese postmenopausal women, were included in the study: 15with NGT and 15 with IGT as it was diagnosed by OGTT. Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured at 30min intervals, leptin, sOB-R, adiponectin and resistin at 60min intervals during the 120min OGTT. Results In fasting state, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and sOB-R levels did not differ between the two groups. In women with NGT, leptin was positively correlated with BMI, insulin and HOMA, and negatively correlated with QUICKI and with sOB-R; adiponectin was negatively correlated with insulin and HOMA and positively correlated with QUICKI. In women with IGT, resistin was positively correlated with BMI and waist circumference. In both groups, sOB-R was negatively correlated with insulin. During OGTT, in both groups, leptin concentration increased significantly and fasting glucose predicts significantly serum leptin change; there was no change in adiponectin, resistin and sOB-R concentrations. Conclusion In overweight/obese postmenopausal women fat distribution does not affect leptin and adiponectin production. Abnormal glucose metabolism is not accompanied by disturbance in adipokines production. Leptin secretion is acutely regulated by glucose levels in insulin presence.

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Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of oxidative stress in patients with breast or ovarian cancer by analyzing the magnitude of serum oxidizability and the involvement of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 32 patients diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer but who had not undergone any kind of treatment and 30 healthy individuals of similar age. The evaluation of oxidative stress was assessed by: (a) the ex-vivo susceptibility of serum lipids to oxidation and (b) the detection of oxLDL and anti-oxLDL autoantibodies. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were co-estimated. RESULTS: The results indicated that the levels of oxLDL were increased among both breast and ovarian cancer patients as compared to the control subjects. Additionally in patients with breast cancer, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, anti-oxLDL antibodies and the maximal rate of diene formation (RA), the index of oxidizable components load, were increased in comparison to controls. There is statistically significant evidence that serum oxLDL levels are associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The findings exhibit a correlation between oxLDL and malignancy, supporting the contribution of oxidative stress to carcinogenesis and the possible involvement of oxLDL in the process of malignancy. The clinical evaluation of the oxLDL measurement is under investigation

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Abstract: �ι�αγ�γή: To διαδίκ��ο α�ο�ελεί �ηγή �λη�ο���η�η� για ια��οβιολογικά θέμα�α �ε ένα ε��� �ά�μα ηλικι�ν, γεγον�� �ο� εκ��� α�� �λεονεκ�ήμα�α εγκ�μονεί και κινδ�νο�� (Kandri et.al., 2010). Πολλοί είναι οι ενήλικε� οι ο�οίοι βα�ιζ�μενοι �ε γν��ει� α�� �ο διαδίκ��ο �α�ι��άνο�ν �ο�� για��ο�� (�ο�ηγο�ν ��α �αιδιά �ο�� �ά�μακα με δική �ο�� ����οβο�λία ���ί� ��μβο�λή �αιδιά��ο�, έ�ο�ν �άν�α ��ο �α�μακείο �ο� ��ι�ιο� �ο�� αν�ιβιο�ικά κ.α.) και �ο�� βιολ�γο�� (εκ�ελο�ν κα�α��η��ικ�� βιο�ημικέ� εξε�ά�ει� αίμα�ο� με ���κε�έ� α��οδιάγν��η�). Σκο��� �η� ��γα�ία� : �ίναι η διε�ε�νη�η �η� ε�ίδ�α�η� �ο� διαδικ��ο� και οι �ιθανοί κίνδ�νοι �η� ενδο-οικογενειακή� οικειο�οίη�η� �ο� ��λο� �ο� για��ο� ή �ο� ε�γα��η�ιακο� ε�ι��ήμονα α�� ενήλικε� (γονεί� και μη). Υλικ� : Ω� �λικ� ��η�ιμο�οιήθηκε η βά�η δεδομέν�ν Google Scholar. �έθοδο� : Ω� μέθοδο� ��η�ιμο�οιήθηκε η ����ημα�ική ανα�κ��η�η ��ν διαθέ�ιμ�ν ε�ε�νη�ικ�ν ε�γα�ι�ν. ��ο�ελέ�μα�α: Σ�ην αι�ιο�αθογένεια �ο� �αινομένο� εμ�λέκον�αι οικονομικοί, κοιν�νικοί και ���ολογικοί �α�άγον�ε�, εν� �α ά�ομα -λ�γ� έλλει�η� κα�ά��ι�η�- θέ�ο�ν άμε�α �ε κίνδ�νο �ην �γεία �η δική �ο�� ή και ��ν �αιδι�ν �ο��. ��ί�η�, η κα�ά��η�η ��ν εξε�ά�ε�ν και ο α��ο��εδια�μ�� «διαγν��ε�ν» α�� �η�ιακέ� εγκ�κλο�αίδειε� �γεία� για �ην ε�μηνεία βιο�ημικ�ν εξε�ά�ε�ν μ�ο�εί να οδηγή�ει �ε ���αναγκα�μ� και �ανικ�. Σ�μ�ε�ά�μα�α: � διαδικ��ακή ενημέ���η για �ην �γεία καθ�� και η ��ή�η �ο�η��ν αναλ��ικ�ν ���κε��ν �ε ειδικέ� �ε�ι����ει� (��. με��η�έ� γλ�κ�ζη� αίμα�ο� για �ο γλ�καιμικ� έλεγ�ο �ε διαβη�ικο��) έ�ο�ν ιδιαί�ε�η �ημα�ία, �����ο �ο διαδίκ��ο και οι �ο�η�έ� ���κε�έ� ανάλ��η� αίμα�ο� δεν ��έ�ει να αν�ικαθι��ο�ν �ο για���! ��ι����θε�ε� μελέ�ε� μ�ο�ο�ν να οδηγή�ο�ν �ε α�ο�ελε�μα�ικά ��ογ�άμμα�α ενημέ���η� και �α�έμβα�η�. �ιβλιογ�α�ία: N Kandri, I Delimaris, M Zafiropoulou (2010) Biological and psychological approach to problematic use of technology In: Proceedings of the 3rd National Counseling Psychology Conference, 6-9 May, Rethymnon.

Abstract: �ι�αγ�γή: Το ��νδ�ομο «κα�ανάλ��η� �αγη�ο� κα�ά �η ν���α» (Σ�Φ�Τ, night eating syndrome ) είναι μια δια��ο�ική δια�α�α�ή �ο� �ε�ιλαμβάνει �� κ�ι�ή�ια �ην �α�άλει�η �ο� ���ινο� γε�μα�ο�, �ην κα�ανάλ��η �αγη�ο� κα�ά �ι� ν���ε�ινέ� ��ε�, καθ�� και δ��κολίε� ��ον ��νο (Striegel-Moore RH, et.al.) . �ε��εί�αι ��ι ��ε�ίζε�αι με δια�α�α�έ� �η� διάθε�η�, ιδιαί�ε�α με �ην κα�άθλι�η, και μ�ο�εί να ��μβάλει ��ην ανά���ξη �η� �α���α�κία�, αν και �ο βιολογικ� �ο� ���βαθ�ο δεν είναι ξεκάθα�ο. Σκο��� �η� ��γα�ία� : � βιολογική θε��η�η �ο� Σ�Φ�Τ καθ�� και η διε�ε�νη�η �η� ��έ�η� �ο� με �ην κα�άθλι�η. Υλικ� & �έθοδο� : Ω� �λικ� ��η�ιμο�οιήθηκαν οι διαδικ��ακέ� βά�ει� δεδομέν�ν PUBMED και �R�C, εν� �� μέθοδο� η ����ημα�ική ανα�κ��η�η (ομαδο�οίη�η και ανάλ��η) ��ν διαθέ�ιμ�ν ε�ε�νη�ικ�ν ε�γα�ι�ν. ��ο�ελέ�μα�α: �ι μελέ�ε� έ�ο�ν δείξει ��ι �ο Σ�Φ�Τ ��ε�ίζε�αι με μεί��η -κα�ά �η διά�κεια �η� ν���α�- ��ν ε�ι�έδ�ν ��ν δ�ο ο�μον�ν �ο� ��ε�ίζον�αι με �ον ��νο και �ην ��εξη, �η� μελα�ονίνη� και �η� λε��ίνη� και με α�ξη�η �η� κο��ιζ�λη�, �η� ο�μ�νη� �ο� ���ε�. Τα ����ιμα �ο� ε�ιλέγον�αι ��νηθέ��ε�α είναι ��ηλή� �ε�ιεκ�ικ��η�α� �ε �δα�άνθ�ακε�, ί��� ε�ειδή ενε�γο�οιο�ν �ον εγκέ�αλο να �α�άγει ενδογενεί� ε��ο�ικέ� νε��ο�ημικέ� ο��ίε�. �ιδικ��ε�α, η κα�ανάλ��η �δα�ανθ�άκ�ν - �ο� ενε�γο�ν μέ�� �η� έκκ�ι�η� ιν�ο�λίνη� και �η� α�ξη�η� �η� �����ο�άνη� ��ο αίμα - α�ξάνει �ην α�ελε�θέ���η �η� �ε�ο�ονίνη�. Ω� εκ �ο��ο�, �ολλά ά�ομα με �ο Σ�Φ�Τ ��ε�κα�αναλ�νο�ν �δα�άνθ�ακε� για να νι��ο�ν καλ��ε�α. Σ�μ�ε�ά�μα�α: �ι ε�αγγελμα�ίε� �γεία� (���ία��οι, δια��ο�ολ�γοι κ.α.) θα ��έ�ει να γν��ίζο�ν �α �α�ακ�η�ι��ικά �ο� Σ�Φ�Τ για �ην καλ��ε�η διάγν��η και �η θε�α�εία ��ν α��μ�ν �ο� αναζη�ο�ν βοήθεια. �ιβλιογ�α�ία: Striegel-Moore RH, Franko DL, May A, Ach E, Thompson D, Hook JM. Should night eating syndrome be included in the DSM? Int J Eat Disord. 2006 Nov;39(7):544-9.

Abstract: �ι�αγ�γή: � μ�ική δ��μο��ο�οβία [α�αν�ά�αι ��η διεθνή βιβλιογ�α�ία �� : muscle dysmorphia (MD), bigorexia, reverse anorexia] είναι μια κα�ά��α�η �ο� ε�η�εάζει κ��ί�� ά��ενε� μ�ον�ι-μ�ίλν�ε�� (bodybuilders), κα�ά �ην ο�οία �α ά�ομα, αν και εξαι�ε�ικά μ��δη, έ�ο�ν �ην �αθολογική �ε�οίθη�η ��ι διαθέ�ο�ν �ολ� μικ�� μ��κ� �γκο. � δια�α�α�ή �ε�ιλαμβάνει ��α�άλη ��ε�βολικο� ���νο� ��ο γ�μνα��ή�ιο ή ��ημά��ν για αγο�ά ��μ�λη��μά��ν δια��ο�ή� αμ�ίβολη� αξία� και α��άλεια�, ια��ικ�� �α�ακινδ�νε�μένα διαι�η�ικά ��ήμα�α ή ακ�μη και εθι�μ� �ε αναβολικέ� ο��ίε� και κοιν�νική α�ομ�ν��η [1]. Πα�ά �ην εξαι�ε�ική �ημα�ία �ο�, �ο �αιν�μενο μ�λι� �����α�α έ�ει α��ί�ει να εξε�άζε�αι διεθν��. Σκο��� �η� ��γα�ία� : � βιολογική α�ο�ίμη�η �ο� �αινομένο� �η� (MD), καθ�� και η διε�ε�νη�η �η� ��έ�η� �ο� με �ην ��έ�με��η ά�κη�η. Υλικ� & �έθοδο� : Ω� �λικ� ��η�ιμο�οιήθηκαν οι διαδικ��ακέ� βά�ει� δεδομέν�ν PUBMED και �R�C, εν� �� μέθοδο� η ����ημα�ική ανα�κ��η�η (ομαδο�οίη�η και ανάλ��η) ��ν διαθέ�ιμ�ν ε�ε�νη�ικ�ν ε�γα�ι�ν. ��ο�ελέ�μα�α: Τα ά�ομα με (MD) εκδηλ�νο�ν μεγάλη δ��α�έ�κεια για �η ��νολική �ο�� εμ�άνι�η, �ο μ��κ� ��νο και �ο βά�ο�, εμ�ανίζο�ν δια��ο�ικέ� δια�α�α�έ� και έ�ο�ν εμμονή με �ην ��έ�με��η ά�κη�η, η ο�οία μ�ο�εί να ��νε�άγε�αι κακ��ει� ��ι� α�θ���ει� και κα�διακά εμ��άγμα�α. E�ί�η�, είναι ��νηθι�μένη η ��ακ�ική να ��ο�λαμβάνο�ν �ολ� ��ηλέ� δ��ει� βι�αμιν�ν και με�άλλ�ν α�� διά�ο�α �κε�ά�μα�α αγνο�ν�α� �ον κίνδ�νο εμ�άνι�η� �οξικ�ν εκδηλ��ε�ν. Σ�μ�ε�ά�μα�α: �ι ε�αγγελμα�ίε� �ο� ���ο� �η� άθλη�η� και �η� δια��ο�ή� θα ��έ�ει να γν��ίζο�ν �α �α�ακ�η�ι��ικά �η� (MD) με ����ο �ην ��ο �ο δ�να�� �ιο έγκαι�η �α�ακίνη�η για αναζή�η�η ���ολογική�/���ια��ική� ��ο��ή�ιξη� ��α ά�ομα �ο� �ην έ�ο�ν ανάγκη. �ιβλιογ�α�ία: 1. Olivardia R. Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the largest of them all? The features and phenomenology of muscle dysmorphia. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2001;9:254�259

Abstract: �ι�αγ�γή: � ��ο� «νε��ική ο�θο�εξία» (��, Orthorexia Nervosa) έ�ει ��ο�αθεί για να �ε�ιγ�ά�ει �ην εμμονή για ��ε�κα�ανάλ��η ��μ�λη��μά��ν δια��ο�ή� καθ�� και για α�οκλει��ική κα�ανάλ��η ��ο��ν �ο� αξιολογο�ν�αι ��οκειμενικά και ��νήθ�� λανθα�μένα α�� �ο ά�ομο �� «��ε�-�γιεινέ�» και «βιολογικά αγνέ�» (Donini L, et.al.). �ι βιολογικοί �α�άγον�ε� �ο� εμ�λέκον�αι ��ο �αιν�μενο δεν έ�ο�ν εξακ�ιβ�θεί �λή���. Σκο��� �η� ��γα�ία� : � �α�ο��α ε�γα�ία έ�ει �� �κο�� �η βιολογική α�ο�ίμη�η �η� �� καθ�� και �η διε�ε�νη�η �η� ��έ�η� �η� με ��ναι�θημα�ικέ� δια�α�α�έ�. Υλικ� & �έθοδο� : Ω� �λικ� ��η�ιμο�οιήθηκαν οι διαδικ��ακέ� βά�ει� δεδομέν�ν PUBMED και �R�C, εν� �� μέθοδο� η ����ημα�ική ανα�κ��η�η (ομαδο�οίη�η και ανάλ��η) ��ν διαθέ�ιμ�ν ε�ε�νη�ικ�ν ε�γα�ι�ν. ��ο�ελέ�μα�α: � ��ο�ήλ��η ��ι� δήθεν «�γιεινέ� ε�ιλογέ�» (���ί� �ην ε�ίβλε�η �ο� ια��ο� ή διαι�ολ�γο�) �αίνε�αι ��ι �α�ο��ιάζει νε��οβιολογικά και ���ολογικά �α�ακ�η�ι��ικά μια� ιδεο���αναγκα��ική� δια�α�α�ή�. Π��κει�αι, ��νήθ��, για μια εμμονή �ή�η�η� εν�� ��ε�βολικά α���η�ο� δια��ο�ικο� ��ογ�άμμα�ο� �ο� �ημαν�ικο�οιεί�αι και εξιδανικε�ε�αι ��οβαθμίζον�α� �ην �οι��η�α ζ�ή� (��ε�κα�ανάλ��η ��μ�λη��μά��ν δια��ο�ή�, μεί��η κοιν�νικ�ν ε�α��ν, ����θε�η οικονομική ε�ιβά��ν�η, ��ε�βολικ�� ��βο� για εμ�άνι�η α�θένεια�), �ε βαθμ� �ο� �ε ακ�αίε� �ε�ι����ει� μ�ο�εί να ��οκαλέ�ει βιολογικέ� δια�α�α�έ�, ���� �οβα�ή ��οθ�ε�ία, κα�εξία και θάνα�ο. Σ�μ�ε�ά�μα�α: �ι ια��οί και διαι�ολ�γοι θα ��έ�ει έ�ο�ν �α�ή γν��η ��ν γν��ι�μά��ν �η� �� για �η βέλ�ι��η �α�έμβα�η, εν� ����θε�η έ�ε�να ��ον �ομέα α��� μ�ο�εί να οδηγή�ει �ε ακ�μη �ιο α�ο�ελε�μα�ικά ��ογ�άμμα�α ���λη�η�. �ιβλιογ�α�ία: Donini L, et.al., "Orthorexia nervosa: a preliminary study with a proposal for diagnosis and an attempt to measure the dimension of the phenomenon". Eat Weight Disord 2004;9 (2): 151�7.

Abstract: Introduction: The breakdown and absorption of nutrients in humans are extremely important for maintaining the homeostasis of the organism and this is why this subject is included in the Analytical Curriculum of the Greek high schools. However, several studies have recorded specific difficult areas in nutrition education in terms of teaching practices, mainly because of the complexity of the process, the large volume of prerequisite knowledge and alternative ideas or misconceptions by students. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to approach the theoretical-methodological to nutrition education via the Biology lesson in combination with the investigation of issues for effective teaching practice for the students of High School. Moreover, practical ways for interdisciplinary teaching will be investigated. Materials and methods: As tools of the present study were used the online bibliographic databases ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) and Google Scholar. The methodology was the systematic review (grouping and analysis) of the available published research studies. Results: Effective teaching practices are target based and include experiential, teamwork and active teaching methods, innovative methodological tools, the use of new technologies and modern theoretical- methodological approaches. Conclusions: The functional way to overcome the difficulties of the curriculum must take into account the different learning needs of the students. The different social and cultural representations associated with the biological and social phenomenon of nutrition seem to play a pivotal role.

Abstract: �ι�αγ�γή: � ��ο� «οξειδ��ικ� ���ε�» (�Σ) ανα�έ�ε�αι ��ην ��ε��α�αγ�γή ελε�θέ��ν �ιζ�ν και ��η μεί��η �η� αν�ιοξειδ��ική� άμ�να� �ο� ο�γανι�μο� (Delimaris I, et.al.). Υ�ο��η�ίζε�αι ��ι �ο ��ναι�θημα�ικ� ���ε� (emotional stress, ΣΣ) μ�ο�εί να ��ε�ίζε�αι με �ο �Σ, �����ο οι βιολογικοί ��ο�διο�ι��έ� �ο� ενέ�ον�αι ��η ��έ�η δεν έ�ο�ν διαλε�κανθεί. Σκο��� �η� ��γα�ία� : � �α�ο��α ε�γα�ία έ�ει �� �κο�� �η βιολογική διε�ε�νη�η �η� ��έ�η� �ο� ΣΣ με �ο �Σ. Υλικ� & �έθοδο� : Ω� �λικ� ��η�ιμο�οιήθηκαν οι βά�ει� δεδομέν�ν PUBMED και �R�C, εν� �� μέθοδο� η ����ημα�ική ανα�κ��η�η ��ν διαθέ�ιμ�ν ε�ε�νη�ικ�ν ε�γα�ι�ν. ��ο�ελέ�μα�α: ��ει β�εθεί ��ι �ο ΣΣ ��ον άνθ���ο ��ε�ίζε�αι με ��ηλά ε�ί�εδα ε�γα��η�ιακ�ν βιοδεικ��ν �ο� �Σ. ��αν η αδ�εναλίνη δεν ��η�ιμο�οιεί�αι για «μά�η ή ��γή», οξειδ�νε�αι ή ��ο�θεί οξειδοαναγ�γικέ� αν�ιδ�ά�ει� α�ξάνον�α� �ο �Σ. ��ί�η�, �ο ΣΣ α�ξάνει �ο με�αβολι�μ� ��ν κα�ε�ολαμιν�ν, η ο�οίε� εν�είνο�ν �ο �Σ μέ�� �η� �α�αγ�γή� ελε�θέ��ν �ιζ�ν. �ξίζει να �ημει�θεί ��ι η ��έ�η�η ��νο�, �ο ���ε� �ο� ο�είλε�αι �ε οικονομικέ� �ιέ�ει�, ακαδημα�κέ� ��ο��ε��ει�, και η έλλει�η δεξιο�ή��ν δια�εί�ι�η� �ο� ���νο� ��ε�ίζον�αι με �αμηλά ε�ί�εδα αν�ιοξειδ��ικ�ν ��ο αίμα. Σ�μ�ε�ά�μα�α: ��ομα με ΣΣ ��νήθ�� εμ�ανίζο�ν α�ξημένο �Σ, ο���ε είναι καθο�ι��ική η δια��ο�ική �α�έμβα�η για �ην ενί����η �η� αν�ιοξειδ��ική� άμ�να� (��ο��α, λα�ανικά), ���ε ��ολη�θο�ν κα�ά �ο δ�να�� οι �ιθανέ� βιολογικέ� δια�α�α�έ�. ��ι����θε�ε� μελέ�ε� ��ον �ομέα α��� μ�ο�ο�ν να οδηγή�ο�ν �ε α�ο�ελε�μα�ικά ��ογ�άμμα�α ���λη�η�. �ιβλιογ�α�ία: Delimaris I, Faviou E, Antonakos G, Stathopoulou E, Zachari A, Dionyssiou-Asteriou A (2007), Oxidized LDL, serum oxidizability and serum lipid levels in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. Clin Biochem., 40:1129-34.

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Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The breakdown and absorption of nutrients in humans are extremely important for maintaining the homeostasis of the organism and this is why this subject has been taught in the human biology lesson of the Greek high school in accordance with the Curriculum. However, several studies have recorded specific difficult areas in terms of teaching practices, mainly because of the complexity of the process, the large volume of prerequisite knowledge and alternative ideas or misconceptions by students. �IMS :The purpose of this study is the theoretical-methodological approach to decomposition and absorption of nutrients in humans in combination with the investigation of issues for effective teaching practice for the students of High School. Moreover, practical ways for interdisciplinary teaching will be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS : As tools of the present study we used the online bibliographic databases ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) and Google Scholar. The methodology was the systematic review (grouping and analysis) of the available published research studies. RESULTS : Effective teaching practices are target based and include experiential learning, teamwork and active teaching methods, innovative methodological tools, the use of new technologies and modern theoretical- methodological approaches. CONCLUSIONS: The functional way to overcome the difficulties of the curriculum must take into account the different learning needs of the students. The different social and cultural representations associated with the biological and social phenomenon of nutrition seem to play a pivotal role.

Abstract: Introduction Genetic counseling for children is a process of information ( which is provided mainly by biologists- geneticists and psychologists) about children-patients or children with high risk of genetic disease to the members of a family and the possible ways of improving the clinical care. The genetic syndrome Martin-Bell (or fragile X) is considered as the second most common cause of mental retardation with a frequency of 1:4500 to 1:7000 in boys versus girls. It is caused by mutations in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Purpose The purpose of the study is the genetic and neurobiological view of Martin-Bell syndrome in combination with the investigation of the indications for genetic counseling to children. In addition, we will examine issues of good practice, the opinions of health professionals for the protection of genetic data and the bioethical and psychological problems that arise. Materials and methods As tools of the present study we used the online bibliographic databases MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Our methodology was the systematic review (grouping and analysis) of the available published research. Results The FMR1 gene is turned off and it can not synthesize the protein FMRP, which is likely to play a role in creating synapses between nerves. Children with clinical mental retardation together with behavioral problems or high risk of genetic disease should undergo genetic testing. Discussion Interdisciplinary collaboration in genetic counseling of children with Martin-Bell syndrome is necessary to achieve a supportive approach that will strengthen both themselves and their families.

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Abstract: Human Nutrition as a taught module is in the majority of the textbooks of Human Biology internationally, while Nutrition is included in the lesson of Biology for the International Baccalaureate (IB). Despite the international practice based on scientific data, the module of Human Nutrition in the course of Human Biology is degraded in the Greek high school. This study examines the causes of this fact and proposes solutions for better training of candidates for university studies on the subjects of nutrition and biosciences.

Abstract: The consumption of fiber is beneficial for the body but overuse can cause health disorders, the most important of which is the reduction of calcium absorption, especially if it is accompanied by drinking excessive amounts of caffeine. This study examines interesting scientific data concerning the positive effects of dietary fiber in human health and the prevention of adverse effects by overconsumption in vulnerable groups.

Abstract: The present study investigates the role of biosciences -nutritional biology and nutritional biochemistry- in understanding the human metabolism. At international level there is a growing interest in research οn these fields as it has been understood that the multidisciplinary approach to nutrition is beneficial.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathobiochemistry of many diseases. The aim of the present study was to estimate the extent of oxidative stress in patients with a) vascular disease and b) breast or ovarian cancer by analyzing markers of oxidative status and to evaluate their potential clinical significance. DESIGN AND METHOD: The study was conducted on : a) 50 patients with vascular disease and 50 healthy individuals. Oxidative stress was assessed by copper-induced lipid oxidation described in terms of �lag-time� (t LAG) and maximal rate of accumulation of absorbing products �RA�, determination of total antioxidant status (TAS), and serum antioxidants (albumin, uric acid, transferrin, billlirubin). LDL-cholesterol and HDL were also estimated b) 32 patients with breast or ovarian cancer and 30 healthy individuals. Oxidative stress was evaluated by copper-induced lipid oxidation and determination of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and anti-oxLDL autoantibodies. LDL-cholesterol and HDL were co-estimated. RESULTS: The results indicated: a) a decrease of t LAG and albumin levels in patients as compared to controls. t LAG was negatively correlated with RA in both patients and controls. RA and LDL-cholesterol did not differ between the two groups. HDL-cholesterol was decreased in patients in comparison to controls. There is statistically significant evidence that low albumin serum levels are associated with increased risk of vascular disease b) higher levels of oxLDL among both breast and ovarian cancer patients as compared to the control subjects. Additionally in patients with breast cancer, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, anti-oxLDL antibodies and RA were increased in comparison to controls.There is statistically significant evidence that serum oxLDL levels are associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the contribution of oxidative stress in vascular disease and breast or ovarian cancer. Significant alterations in serum oxidizability and low albumin serum levels were found in patients with vascular disease and a significant correlation of oxLDL and malignancy was found in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. /Cited in: http://phdtheses.ekt.gr/eadd/handle/10442/19120

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