DOI
 | jamaiah@ummc.edu.my |
Journal articles | |
2012 |
R Ngui, L Angal, S A Fakhrurrazi, Y L A Lian, L Y Ling, J Ibrahim, R Mahmud (2012) Differentiating Entamoeba Histolytica, Entamoeba Dispar and Entamoeba Moshkovskii Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Rural Communities in Malaysia Parasites & Vectors 5: Abstract: Background: In this study, a total of 426 human faecal samples were examined for the presence of Entamoeba xD;histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii infection via a combination of microscopic examination and xD;nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S ribosomal RNA of Entamoeba species. xD;Methods: Faecal sample were collected from 426 participants in five rural villages in Peninsular Malaysia. The faecal xD;samples were processed by direct wet smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique followed by iodine xD;staining and examined via microscopy for the presence of Entamoeba species and other intestinal parasites. xD;Microscopically positive samples for Entamoeba species cysts were further characterized using a Nested Polymerase xD;Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) targeting 16S-like ribosomal RNA gene. The data entry and analysis was carried out using xD;the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program for Windows version 17 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). xD;Results: Based on single faecal examination, overall prevalence of Entamoeba infection was 17.6% (75/426). Females xD;(19.1%) were more commonly infected compared to males (15.9%). Comparison by age groups showed that adults xD;(23.9%) had higher infection rates than children (15.3%). The PCR results showed that 52 out of 75 microscopy positive xD;samples successfully generated species-specific amplicons. The infection with E. histolytica (75.0%; 39/52) was the most xD;common, followed by E. dispar (30.8%; 18/52) and E. moshkovskii (5.8%; 3/52). Of these, 33 (63.5%) were shown to xD;contain only E. histolytica, 10 (19.2%) contained E. dispar and 3 (5.8%) contained only E. moshkovskii. Mixed infection xD;with E. histolytica and E. dispar was found in 6 (11.5%) samples. xD;Conclusions: The present study essentially emphasized the benefit of molecular techniques in discriminating the xD;pathogenic Entamoeba species from the non-pathogenic for accurate diagnosis and better management of amoebiasis. xD;The presence of E. moshkovskii is of great public health concern as it was the first time it has been reported in Malaysia. Notes:
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Abstract: This retrospective study was conducted among 59 HIV/AIDS patients with opportunistic infections admitted to the University Malaya Medical Centre between 2000 and 2009. Fifty-five point nine percent of cases were Chinese, 25.4% were Malays, 11.9% were Indians and 6.8% were of unknown ethnic origin. The male:female ratio was 2.9:1 (44 males and 15 females). The highest prevalence (38.9%) occurred in the 30-39 year old age group. Men comprised 47.7% and women 53.3%; the majority of both were married. The majority of cases were Malaysians (89.8%) and the rest (10.2%) were immigrants. Most of the patients (18.6%) were non-laborers, followed by laborers (11.9%), the unemployed (5.1%) and housewives (3.4%). The most common risk factor was unprotected sexual activity (20.3%). The two most common HIV/AIDS related opportunistic infections were Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia (PCP) (62.7%) and toxoplasmosis (28.8%). Seventy-two point nine percent of patients had a CD4 count <200 cells/mu l and 5.1% had a CD4 count >500 cells/mu l. Eleven point nine percent of cases died during study period. A low CD4 count had a greater association with opportunistic infections. Most of the patients presented with fever (44.1%), cough (42.4%) and shortness of breath (28.8%). Detection of the etiologic pathogens aids clinicians in choosing appropriate management strategies. Notes: Jamaiah, I. Rohela, M. Tok, E. L. Tan, C. L. Tan, W. H. Teo, W. S. Leow, H. F.
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M A K Mahdy, Y A L Lim, R Ngui, M R S Fatimah, S H Choy, N J Yap, H M Al-Mekhlafi, J Ibrahim, J Surin (2012) Prevalence and Zoonotic Potential of Canine Hookworms in Malaysia Parasites & Vectors 5: Abstract: Background: Canine hookworm infection is endemic in Southeast Asian countries with a prevalence ranging from 70% to 100%, with zoonotic transmission representing a potentially significant public health concern. However, there are limited data available on the prevalence of canine hookworms in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hookworm and Ancylostoma species among dogs in Malaysia. Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 221 dogs living in urban areas, rural areas and animal shelters in Selangor. Faecal samples were processed using the formal-ether concentration technique followed by wet mount preparation and iodine staining for the detection of hookworm eggs. Samples positive for hookworm eggs were examined using PCR, targeting ITS2 and 28 s rRNA region, and subsequently sequenced in both directions. The sequences were phylogenetically analysed using MrBayes for Bayesian Inference. Results: The overall prevalence of hookworm among dogs was 48% (95% CI; 41.41-54.95). Rural stray dogs had the highest prevalence 71.4% (95% CI; 61.13-81.49) followed by urban stray dogs, recording 48% (95% CI; 34.15-61.85) and lastly dogs in shelters with 28.7% (95% CI; 19.56-37.84). Logistic regression identified rural stray dogs as a high risk group (OR = 4.55, 95%; 2.50-8.31) and keeping dogs in shelters as a protective factor (OR = 0.24, 95%; 0.14-0.43). Molecular methods identified both Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma caninum with A. ceylanicum being predominant among urban stray dogs. Rural dogs had a higher prevalence of A. caninum than A. ceylanicum, while both species showed equal distribution among dogs in shelters. Phylogenetic analysis placed A. ceylanicum isolated from dogs in one group with A. ceylanicum human isolates. Conclusion: This study indicates that dogs have the potential to act as reservoir hosts of human hookworm infection in Malaysia. This finding necessitates the inclusion of dogs in any interventions to combat hookworm in the country. Notes: Mahdy, Mohammed A. K. Lim, Yvonne A. L. Ngui, Romano Fatimah, M. R. Siti Choy, Seow H. Yap, Nan J. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Ibrahim, Jamaiah Surin, Johari
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2011 |
Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is an important parasitic disease in immunosuppressed patients. This prospective study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence, associated risk factors and the incidence of clinically confirmed toxoplasmosis among renal patients at the University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We interviewed 247 renal patients, each of whom answered an epidemiological questionnaire, and collected blood samples for measurement of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. Overall seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis was observed in 126 (51%) renal patients. Race (Malays), marital status (married) and primary level of education, were all factors associated with a greater chance of Toxoplasma infection. A case of clinically confirned toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a renal transplant recipient as a result of immunosuppression. Based on the findings obtained, this preliminary study shows a high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in renal patients. Risk factors may have significantly contributed to Toxoplasma acquisition in these patients. We recommend further studies be carried out to monitor for trends in toxoplasmosis among immunosuppressed patients. Notes: Nissapatorn, Veerartoot Leong, Teoh Hoe Lee, Rogan Init-Ithoi Ibrahim, Jamaiah Yen, Tan Si
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2010 |
Abstract: This was an eight year (2000-2007) retrospective study of tuberculosis in patients admitted to the UMMC. A total of 131 cases were analyzed. Malays constituted the most cases, (43%), followed by Chinese (22%), Indians (17%) and others (18%). The majority of cases were within the 21-60 year old age group, which constituted 69.5% of the total. Males were more commonly affected (65%). Most cases were reported among Malaysians (83%). The majority of patients were unemployed (39%), followed by housewives (10%), laborers (9%), students (8%), shop assistants (7%), and other occupations (27%) The most common presenting complaints were prolonged productive cough, night sweats, fever, anorexia, weight loss (57%), hemoptysis (34%), and undifferentiated symptoms, such as prolonged diarrhea and dysphagia (9%) Sputum was positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in 89%, but only 69% of cases had abnormal chest radiographs. The majority of patients (65%) developed no complications The most common complications were pleural effusion, pneumothorax and pulmonary fibrosis. The majority of patients (82%) suffered either from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or all 3 conditions Regarding risk factors for tuberculosis, two were HIV positive and two were intravenous drug users. The majority of the patients (85%) did not complain of any side effects from then-anti-tuberculosis treatment. Among those who did complain of side effects, the most common were nausea and vomiting (41%), drug induced hepatitis (37%), blurring of vision (11%) and skin rashes (11%). Two cases of death were reported Notes: Jetan, C. A. Jamaiah, I. Rohela, M. Nissapatorn, V.
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Abstract: This is a survey of 120 children for scabies and head lice infestations in a welfare home in Pulau Pinang. Children from this welfare home (Rumah Kanak-Kanak Taman Bakti, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang) were randomly selected. Majority of them were Malays (72.5%) and the rest were Indians. The infestation rates were highest in the 10-12 years age group with 46% and 70% for scabies and head lice respectively. Head lice was more commonly seen in girls (65%) than boys (29%). Scabies was more commonly seen in boys (50%) than girls (16%). Overall prevalence rate for scabies was 31% and for head lice infestation was 49%. Notes: Zayyid, Muhammad M. Saadah, Saidatul R. Adil, A. R. Rohela, M. Jamaiah, I
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2009 |
Abstract: Human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens have been reported in Malaysia. This is the fourth reported case of dirofilariasis caused by D. repens. The patient was a Chinese male from Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia who presented with a one day history of redness and itchiness over the temporal aspect of his left eye. A worm was seen and later removed from beneath the conjunctiva under local anesthesia and based on the morphological characteristics, it was identified as an immature Dirofilaria repens. Notes: Rohela, M. Jamaiah, I. Hui, T. T. Mak, J. W. Ithoi, I. Amirah, A.
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F Farhana, I Jamaiah, M Rohela, N M Aldul-Aziz, V Nissapatorn (2009) A Ten Year (1999-2008) Retrospective Study of Amoebiasis in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tropical Biomedicine 26: 3. 262-266 Abstract: This is a ten year (1999-2008) retrospective study of amebiasis in patients admitted to UMMC. A total of 34 cases were analyzed. The most: common were amebic liver abscess 22(65%) and the rest were amoebic dysentery 12(35%). Majority of the eases occurred among Malaysians 29(85%), with Chinese 14(41%), followed by the Malays 9(26%) and the Indians 6(18%). Foreigners made up of one Indonesian, one Pakistani and three Myanmarese and constituted 5(15%) of the total cases. Males 24(71%) were more commonly affected. Most of the cases occurred between the age group of 40-49 years, 8(23%) and 60 years and above, 8(23%). Age group of 20-50 years constituted 20(60%) of the cases. The most common clinical presentations were fever with chills and rigors 26(76%), diarrhoea 20 (59%), right hypochondrium pain 17(50%), abdominal pain 17(50%), hepatomegaly 16 (47%) and jaundice 7(20%). All were discharged well after treatment except for one case of death in a 69-year old Chinese male with amebic liver abscess. Notes: Farhana, F. Jamaiah, I Rohela, M. Aldul-Aziz, N. M. Nissapatorn, V
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2008 |
Abstract: This was a five year (2001-2005) retrospective study of bacterial meningitis in patients admitted to UMMC. A total of 47 cases were analyzed. Chinese was the most common ethnic group (41%), followed by Malays (36%) and Indians (23%). The majority of cases (60%) were within the 0-9 year old age group. Within this age group, the majority (93%) was less than 5 years old. For all races, males were more commonly infected (62%) than females. The most common presenting complaints were fever (83%), vomiting (25.5%), headache (23%), seizures (23%), and loss of consciousness (11%). On admission, 23% had neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae (23%), Haemophilus influenzae (15%), Escherichia coli (8.5%), Neisseria meningitidis (4%) and Streptococcus spp (2%). CSF investigations were not done on 47% of cases due to contraindications. The most common complication was subdural effusions (15%), followed by cerebral edema (8.5%), epilepsy (8.5%) and hydrocephalus (6%). The antibiotic sensitivity tests done showed that all the three major organisms were 100% sensitive to ceftriaxone. 5. pneumoniae was 100% sensitive to penicillin and H. influenzae was 90% sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. The mortality rate was 15%. Notes:
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Abstract: Educational environment of an institution is the environment experienced or perceived by students and teachers. Individual students and teachers will respond differently to these subtle elements in their learning experience. Curriculum's most significant manifestation and conceptualisation is the environment. There is a proven connection between the environment and the valuable outcomes of students' achievement, satisfaction and success. If one wants to describe, assess or get a handle on the curriculum in a medical school, then the educational and organisational environment or total milieu associated with the curriculum and the medical school needs to be studied. Educational environment is one of the most important determinants of an effective curriculum. Educational environment fosters scholarly or intellectual activities; it encourages friendliness, co-operation and supportiveness. It also fosters the learning, growth and development of students. Students' perceptions of their educational environment are a useful basis for modifying and improving the quality of educational environment. Several research groups over the years have attempted to identify and quantify the presence and impact of rather intangible aspects of a learning environment. Each study has used different survey questionnaires to solicit student reactions. (JUNMEC 2008; 11 (1): 7-11). Notes: Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia xD;References: Genn, J.M., Harden, R.M., What is medical education here really like? Suggestions for action research studies of climates of medical education environments (1986) Med Teacher, 8 (20), pp. 111-124; Roff, S., McAleer, S., What is educational climate? (2001) Med Teacher, 23 (4), pp. 333-334; Genn, J.M., AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 23 (part 1): Curriculum, environment, climate, quality and change in medical education-a unifying perspective (2001) Med Teacher, 23 (4). , 337-344; Pace, C.R., (1971) Thoughts on Evaluation in Higher Education, , Iowa City: The American College Testing Program;; . Wall D. Educational Concepts: The theory behind the practical aspects of Teaching and Learning, in: Chambers, R and Wall, D. Teaching Made Easy: A Manual for Health Professionals. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd; 2000Roff, S., McAleer, S., Harden, R.M., Development and validation of the Dundee Ready Education environment measure (DREEM) (1997) Med Teacher, 19 (4), pp. 295-299; (1991) Good Practice in SHO training, , Standing Committee on Postgraduate Medical Education SCOPME; Entwistle, N.J., (1995) Supporting Effective learning: A Research Perspective, , Edinburgh: Centre for Research on Learning and Instruction, University of Edinburgh;; Pimparyon, P., Roff, S., McAleer, S., Educational environment, student approaches to learning and academic achievement in a Thai nursing school (2000) Med Teacher, 22 (4), pp. 359-365; Mulrooney, A., Development of an instrument to measure the Practice Vocational Training Environment in Ireland (2005) Med Teacher, 27 (4), pp. 338-342; Till, H., Climate studies: Can students perceptions of the ideal educational environment be of use for institutional planning and resource utilization? (2005) Med Teacher, 27 (4), pp. 332-337; Pace, C.R., Stern, G.G., An approach to the measurement of the psychological characteristics of college environments (1958) J Educ Psychol, 49 (5), pp. 269-277; Levy, M., Morse, P.K., Liebelt, R.A., Use of the learning environment questionnaire to assess curriculum change (1973) J Med Educ, 48, pp. 840-440; Marshall, R.E., Measuring the medical school learning environment (1978) J Med Educ, 53 (2), pp. 98-104; Huebner, L.A., Royer, J.A., Moore, J., The assessment and Remediation of dysfunctional Stress in medical school (1981) J Med Educ, 56, pp. 547-558; Moore-West, M., Harrington, D.L., Mennin, S.P., Distress and attitudes toward the learning environment: Effects of a curriculum innovation (1989) Teaching and Learning In Medici, 1 (3), pp. 151-157; Strayhorn, G., Frierson, H., Assessing correlations between black and white students' perceptions of the medical school learning environment, their academic performances, and their well-being (1989) Acad Med, 64 (8), pp. 468-473; Mosley, T.H., Perrin, S.G., Neral, S.M., Stress, coping and well-being among third-year medical students (1994) Acad Med, 69 (9), pp. 765-767; Dunn, S.V., Burnett, P., The development of a clinical learning environment scale (1995) J Adv Nurs, 1995 (22), pp. 1166-1173; Al-Zidgali, L., Students' approaches to studying at the Institute of Health (1999) Sciences, , Sultanate of Oman. Masters of Medical Education Dissertation. Centre for Medical Education, Dundee University, Scotland;; Al-Qahtani, M.F., (1999) Approaches to study and learning environment in medical schools with special reference to the Gulf countries, , PhD thesis, Centre for Medical Education, Dundee University;; Roff, S., McAleer, S., Ifere, O.S., Bhattacharya, S., A global diagnostic tool for measuring educational environment: Comparing Nigeria and Nepal (2001) Med Teacher, 23 (4), pp. 378-382; Zaini, R., (2003), Use of Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) for curriculum needs analysis in the Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia. Masters Thesis, Centre for Medical Education, Dundee University;Bassaw, B., Roff, S., McAleer, S., Students' perceptive on the educational environment, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Trinidad (2003) Med Teacher, 25 (5), pp. 522-526; Al-Hazimi, A., Zaini, R., Al-Hyiani, A., educational environment in traditional and innovative medical schools: A study in four undergraduate medical schools (2004) Educ Health, 17 (2), pp. 192-203; Zamzuri, A.T., Azli, N.A., Roff, S., McAleer, S., Students' perception of educational environment in Dental Training College Malaysia (2003) Malaysian Dental J, 25, pp. 15-26; Till, H., Identifying the perceived weaknesses of a new curriculum by Mean of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) Inventory (2004) Med Teacher, 26 (1), pp. 39-45; Viera, J.E., Nunes, M.P.T., Martins, M.A., Directing student response to early patient contact by questionnaire (2003) Med Educ, 37, pp. 119-125; Mayya, S., Roff, S., Students' perceptions of educational environment: A comparison of academic achievers and under-achievers at Kasturba medical College, India (2004) Education for Health, 17, pp. 280-291; Sobral, D.T., Medical students' self-appraisal of firstyear learning outcomes: Use of the course valuing inventory (2004) Med Teacher, 26 (3), pp. 234-238; Varma, R., Tiyagi, E., Gupta, J.G., Determining the quality of educational climate across multiple undergraduate teaching sites using the DREEM inventory (2005) BMC Med Educ, 5 (8), pp. 1-4; Jiffry, M.T.M., McAleer, S., Fernando, S., Marasinghe, R.B., Using the DREEM questionnaire to gather baseline information on an evolving medical school in Sri Lanka (2005) Med Teacher, 27, pp. 348-352
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2007 |
Abstract: This retrospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria among patients xD;admitted to Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Malaysia, from January 2004 to May 2006. A xD;total of 37 malaria cases were analyzed. Most cases occurred among foreigners, 81% (30 cases), while xD;Malaysians constituted 19% (7 cases). Among foreigners, Indians constituted the majority, 40.5% (15 xD;cases). Among Malaysians, most cases occurred among Malays, 16% (6 cases), followed by Indians, 3% xD;(1 case). Males, 89% (33 cases), were more commonly affected. The majority of cases were within the xD;20-39 year age group (84%). Most cases occurred among laborers (24%). Two species of malaria parasites xD;were reported, of which Plasmodium vivax constituted the most, 70% (26 cases), followed by Plasmodium xD;falciparum, 30% (11 cases). In this study, 40.5% (15 cases) developed chloroquine resistance: six cases of xD;P. falciparum, and nine cases of P. vivax. The most common complications were thrombocytopenia, 65% xD;(24 cases), and anemia, 54% (20 cases), followed by jaundice, 32% (12 cases), and hepatosplenomegaly, xD;22% (8 cases). There were no reported deaths. This new source of malaria coming from foreigners must xD;be given serious attention, as it has great potential of increasing malaria cases in urban Malaysia. Notes:
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Abstract: A total of 693 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in this retrospective and descriptive study during April 2003 to December 2004, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was found that both genders were shown to be within the same range of age (M = 18-79 vs F = 18-73), while a median age was slightly higher in male (36 years) than female (31 years). The majority of both genders were significantly shown in the age group of 25 to 34 years, but a higher rate was evident in females (42%) (p = 0.001). It was even observed that male patients were mainly Chinese (44.7%) and single (57.3%) (p = 0.001), while the females were Chinese (40.6) and married (83.3%) (p = 0.000). However, the highest numbers of both genders were manifested to be heterosexuals (M = 47.6% vs F = 86.2%), followed by intravenous drug users (M = 39.3% vs F = 6.5%) (p = 0.000). The range of CD4 cell count was 0 to 1799 with a median of 230 cells/mm3. The level of CD4 cell count of < 200 cells/mm3 was significantly found in males (48.5%) and between 200 to 499 and ≥500 cells/mm3 were 36.2 and 26.8% in females, respectively (p = 0.001). Overall, the Toxoplasma seroprevalence was 43.85% where seropositive of anti-Toxoplasma antibody relatively higher in males (50%) than in females (37.7%) (p = 0.015). Toxoplasma seropositivity was thoroughly evident among Malays (168; 51.1%), Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs) and patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) (p = 0.001). Furthermore, anti-retroviral therapy including HAART was more significantly found in patients with 9 seropositive Toxoplasma when compared to 2 seronegative and unknown serostatus patients (p = 0.025). Seventeen AIDS-related toxoplasmic encephalitis patients were diagnosed at the time of this study, depicting hemiparesis as the most common neurological manifestation in 11 (64.7%) patients, followed by headache and seizure in 6 (35.3%) and 3 (17.7%) patients, respectively. Interestingly, CT scan finding showed mass like structure with multiple (58.8%), ring enhancing lesions (100%), in parietal region (58.8%) and edema (29.4%) in these patients. Overall, the treatment outcome showed that 13 (76.5%) patients had completed treatment with maintenance, whereas, 3 (17.6%) patients were lost to follow up and 1 (6%) patient was transferred to another hospital. No relapse or death case was reported during the time of this study. Notes:
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Abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the number of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases admitted to University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) in the year 2005 together with their clinical presentations and epidemiology. The data for 2005 was collected from the medical records department of UMMC. A total of 1,279 cases were admitted in 2005 with DF (81%, n=1,040) and DHF (19%, n=239). January had the greatest number of cases of DF and DHF (22%, n=281) and April had the least (4%, n=49). The greatest number of DF cases (38%, n=392) were seen in the 20-29 year age group, while the greatest number of DHF cases (32%, n=76) were in the 10-19 year age group. In regard to race, the greatest number of cases were seen in Malays (48%, DF; 49%, DHF). Males were more commonly infected than females. The majority of patients infected were students (30%, n=385). All patients with DF and DHF presented with fever. The symptoms reported included nausea and vomiting, joint pain, gum bleeding and dehydration. The mean value hemoglobin, white blood cell count and platelet count were 14.4 g/dl, 4 x103/dl, 75 x106/dl for DF and 15.1 g/dl, 4 x103dl,52x106/dl for DHF. The majority of patients were treated with hydration therapy. There were three deaths reported, caused by dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Notes:
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Abstract: The substantial influx of foreign-born persons including immigrant population into the community xD;becomes one of the postulated reasons to be elucidated relating to this so-called “a disease without border†xD;in Malaysia. A total of 425 TB patients, including Malaysians and foreigners, were treated at the Institute of xD;Respiratory Medicine from May to December 2003. TB was found relatively more often in foreign laborers xD;and Malaysians with nonspecific occupations. Tuberculin skin test (TST) was used to screen for latent TB xD;infection and a higher positive rate of TST was found in foreign compared to local patients. Chest X-ray xD;findings showed a higher rate of abnormalities consistent with PTB, found in the majority of both groups. xD;Lymph node biopsy and sputum culture were used significantly to detect the presence of M. tuberculosis xD;and confirm the diagnosis of TB. EHRZ+B6 was significantly the most commonly used anti-tubercular drug xD;regimen, found in both local and foreign patients. Foreign patients were more significantly associated with xD;non-compliance to anti-tubercular therapy. Hepatitis was one of the most common adverse drug reactions xD;found in local patients. The presence of a greater number of illegal migrants, who are highly mobile within xD;the country as well as across borders, and who do not undergo any health screening, further complicates xD;the national tuberculosis control program in the future. Notes:
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Abstract: A total of 255 patients including 179 (70.2%) of non-HIV and 76 (29.8%) HIV-infected patients xD;were recruited in this descriptive study. The subjects was significantly found to be male Chinese (157; xD;61.6% vs 74; 47.1%) followed by female Malays (98; 38.4% vs 35; 35.7%) (p<0.05). The majority xD;of subjects (124; 48.6%) were in the age group of 21-39 years, however, no statistical difference was xD;found between the various age groups (p>0.05). Overall seroprevalence of latent Toxoplasma infection xD;was 82/183 (44.8%) being; 3 (3.7%) positive for IgM, 74 (90.2%) for IgG, and 5 (6.1%) for IgG and xD;IgM antibodies. The prevalence was more relatively found in the Chinese (28; 15.3%) and Malays (27; xD;14.8%) than others (p<0.05). While, 23/76 (30.3%) of HIV-positive patients were shown Toxoplasma xD;seropositivity. The majority of these subjects (138/181; 76.2%) were significantly asymptomatic (p = xD;0.000), while the others were clinically evident cases of toxoplasmosis. Of this, 37 patients were included xD;in differential diagnosis relating to ocular diseases and only 4 patients were confirmed as having ocular xD;toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) was based on presumptive diagnosis, particularly found in xD;5 patients with AIDS. Seventeen patients were clinically diagnosed as having malaria being; 8 for P. vivax, xD;4 for P. falciparum, 3 for P. malariae, and 2 for mixed infections. All cases resolved satisfactorily after xD;treatment with antimalarial drugs. Other important emerging parasitic diseases were also detected in xD;these patients including amebiasis (2), blastocystosis (1), cryptosporidiosis (1), filariasis (1), and giardiasis xD;(2) during the time of this study. Notes:
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2006 |
M Rohela, I Jamaiah, L Amir, V Nissapatorn (2006) A Case of Auricular Myiasis in Malaysia The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 37 Suppl 3: 91-94 Abstract: Many cases of myiasis have been reported in Malaysia. This is the second reported case of auricular myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana. The patient was a 41-year-old, mentally retarded, Orang Asli man. He was brought to the clinic by his mother with a complaint of pain and bleeding in his right ear for 3 days. On examination, blood and multiple maggots were seen packed in the external auditory canal of the right ear. A total of 39 live maggots were removed and maintained until they developed into 3rd instar larvae, which were later processed and identified as Chrysomya bezziana. The patient was discharged with amoxicillin 500 mg three times a day for 1 week. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 4 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 17547059 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Rohela, M.email: rohela@ummc.edu.my xD;Chemicals/CAS: amoxicillin, 26787-78-0, 34642-77-8, 61336-70-7; Amoxicillin, 26787-78-0; Anti-Bacterial Agents
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I Jamaiah, M Rohela, T K Ng, K B Ch'ng, Y S Teh, A L Nurulhuda, N Suhaili (2006) Retrospective Prevalence of Snakebites from Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL)(1999-2003) The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 37: 1. Abstract: A hospital based retrospective study of the prevalence of snakebite cases at Hospital Kuala Lumpur was carried out over a five-year period from 1999 to 2003. A total of 126 snakebite cases were recorded. The highest admission for snakebites was recorded in 2001 (29 cases). The majority of cases were admitted for three days or less (79%). Most of the snakebite cases were reported in the 11-30 years age group (52%). The male:female ratio was 3:1. The majority of cases were Malaysians (80%, 101 cases). Of the non-Malaysians, Indonesians constituted the most (56%, 14 cases). Bites occurred most commonly on the lower limbs (49%), followed by upper limbs (45%) and on other parts of the body (6%). No fatal cases were detected and complications were scarce. In 60% (70 cases) the snake could not be identified. Of the four species of snakes that were identified, cobra (both suspected and confirmed) constituted the largest group (25%), followed by viper (10%), python (4%) and sea snake (1%). The most common clinical presentations were pain and swelling, 92% (116 cases). All patients were put on snakebite charts and their vital signs were monitored. Of the snakebite cases, 48% (61 cases) were treated with cloxacillin and 25% (32 cases) were given polyvalent snake antivenom. Notes:
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I Jamaiah, M Rohela, V Nissapatorn, H Mohamad Azlan, A R Nor Adli, I Shahrul Rizan, A Anez, B Jasmin (2006) A Retrospective Prevalence Study of Malaria in an Aborigine Hospital in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 37 Suppl 3: 1-4 Abstract: This was a five-year retrospective study (1999-2004) on the prevalence of malaria at the Aborigine Hospital, Gombak, Malaysia. A total of 94 malaria cases was analysed. The highest case reports were for the year 2000, with 32 cases (34%), and the lowest was in 2004, with only 1 (1%). The majority of cases reported were among the Semai tribe (44%), followed by the Temiar tribe (34%) and the unspecified tribe (s) (20%). Females (53%) were more commonly affected than males (47%). The majority of cases were within the age group 1-5 years (51%). Plasmodium falciparum was the most common species reported in this study, at 57%, followed by Plasmodium vivax (38%) and 5% mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Most patients (27%) stayed for more than one month in hospital. Most patients came from Kuala Lipis, Pahang, (78%). The most common complication was anemia (38%) followed by splenomegaly (18%); only 2% had cerebral malaria. All patients were treated with the standard anti-malarial drugs. No deaths were reported in this study. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 2 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 17547040 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I.email: ketua_parasit@um.edu.my xD;Chemicals/CAS: Antimalarials
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V Nissapatorn, I Kuppusamy, F P Josephine, I Jamaiah, M Rohela, A Khairul Anuar (2006) Tuberculosis : A Resurgent Disease in Immunosuppressed Patients The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 37 Suppl 3: 153-160 Abstract: A total of 136 patients, 67 HIV, 69 diabetes mellitus (DM) with or without (+/-) end-stage renal disease (ESRD), were registered for tuberculosis treatment at the National Tuberculosis Center (NTBC) from May to December, 2003. Ages ranged from 21-78 years (median 57.7 years) in TB/DM patients, and 21-62 (mean 37.6 +/- 8.3 years) in TB/HIV patients. TB was significantly found in younger and single HIV patients, but in older and married DM patients (p<0.05). Male patients in both groups were strongly associated with TB, while females more commonly had TB with DM (p<0.05). The majority of these patients were Malays, unemployed, and resided in Kuala Lumpur territory; however, no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups. Smoking, IVDUs and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were more significantly found in TB/HIV patients and further analysis showed that pulmonary TB was strongly associated with HCV infection in these patients (p<0.05). Pulmonary TB (62; 89.9%) was the most common type found in both groups and was a markedly more common disease location in TB/DM patients, while extrapulmonary TB (21; 31.3%) and miliary TB (14; 21%) were significantly higher in TB/HIV patients. Cough with or without sputum, fever and loss of appetite and/or weight were common clinical presentations in both groups. Nevertheless, fever (54; 80.6%) and lymphadenopathy (17; 25.4%) were significantly related to TB/HIV patients (p<0.05). Interestingly, the presence of BCG vaccination and positive tuberculin skin test were stronger in TB/HIV (27; 40.3%) and TB/DM (20; 29%) patients, respectively (p<0.05). Overall, regular 6-, 9- and 12-months' anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) were routine practice, and EHRZ+B6 was the most common regimen used. The highest percentage of patients with treatment success were in both groups with 6 months' ATT; however, a significantly higher percentage was found in TB/DM (24; 34.8%) than TB/HIV (13; 19.4%) (p<0.05). A success rate of 15 (21.7%) was noted for TB/DM patients with 9 months' ATT, which was similar to both groups with the 12-month regimen. A higher percentage failure rate (lost to follow-up) was seen in TB/HIV (19; 28.4%) patients. Nine patients were reported to have anti-tubercular-drug side-effects, such as drug-induced hepatitis, blurred vision, and skin rash. No cases of drug resistance or death were notified among these patients. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 9 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 17547073 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Nissapatorn, V.email: nissapat@hotmail.com
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M Rohela, I Jamaiah, K L Goh, V Nissapatorn (2006) A Second Case of Diphyllobothriasis in Malaysia Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 37: 5. 896-898 Abstract: Diphyllobothriasis was first reported in Malaysia in 2002. We are reporting a second case of diphyllobothriasis in Malaysia. The patient was a 37-year-old Chinese male seen at the outpatient clinic with a complaint of passing strands of white color flat worm in his stool. He had no other abdominal complaints. Laboratory and physical examinations were normal. Diphyllobothrium latum was confirmed by examination of the gravid proglottids passed out and the typical operculated eggs expelled from the ruptured proglottids. The patient had a history of eating raw fish. He was treated with a single dose of praziquantel. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 2 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 17333730 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Rohela, M.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ketua_parasit@um.edu.my xD;Chemicals/CAS: praziquantel, 55268-74-1; Anthelmintics; Praziquantel, 55268-74-1 xD;References: Curtis, M.A., Bylund, G., Diphyllobothriasis: Fish tapeworm disease in the circumpolar north (1991) Arctic Med Res, 50, pp. 18-24; Kyronseppa, H., The occurrence of human intestinal parasites in Finland (1993) Scand J Infect Dis, 25, pp. 671-673; Lee, S.H., Chai, J.Y., Seo, M., Two rare cases of Diphyllobothrium latum type infection in Korea (1994) Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 32, pp. 117-120; Min, D.Y., Cestode infections in Korea (1990) Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 28 (SUPPL.), pp. 123-144; Rohela, M., Jamaiah, I., Chan, K.W., Wan Yusoff, W.S., Diphyllobothriasis: The first case report from Malaysia (2002) Southeast Asian J Trop Med and Public Health, 33, pp. 229-230; Stone, R.M., Deangelo, D.J., Randolph, T., (1998) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 1, pp. 1226-1227. , International ed. Blacklick, OH: McGraw-Hill; Tsieh, S., (1988) Diphyllobothriasis, Hymenolepiasis and Dipylidiasis: Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Parasitology, pp. 283-285. , New York: Igaku-Shoin
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M Rohela, S Johari, I Jamaiah, I Init, S H Lee (2006) Acute Cholecystitis Caused by Clonorchis Sinensis Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 37: 4. 648-651 Abstract: We are reporting a case of a 43-year-old Chinese male from Hong Kong, who came to see a doctor complaining of acute onset of severe upper abdominal pain. A diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was made and an emergency cholecystectomy was carried out. On opening the common bile duct, lancet-shaped worms were seen emerging from it. About 45 adult worms were collected and sent to the Department of Parasitology University of Malaya for identification. The worms were identified as Clonorchis sinensis. After the operation the patient was treated with praziquantel and he had an uneventful recovery. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 1 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 17121288 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Rohela, M.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: rohela@ummc.edu.my xD;Chemicals/CAS: praziquantel, 55268-74-1; Praziquantel, 55268-74-1 xD;References: Beaver, P.C., Jung, R.C., Cupp, E.W., (1984) Clinical Parasitology. 9th Ed., pp. 449-487. , Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; Bisseru, B., Lim, K.C., Opisthorchis viverrini (Poirier, 1886) a trematode parasite of man in West Malaysia (1969) Trop Geogr Med, 21, p. 138; Daniel, H.C., Francis, W.C., David, A.S., Herbert, J.M., Ernst, E.L., (1997) Pathology of Infectious Diseases, 2, pp. 1351-1360. , Connecticut: Appleton and Lange; Jamaiah, I., Rohela, M., Prevalence of intestinal parasites among members of the public in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2005) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 36, pp. 68-71; Lim, K.G., (2001) A Review of Diseases in Malaysia. 2nd Ed., pp. 231-232. , Taiping: Lim Kean Ghee; Neva, F.A., Brown, H.W., (1994) Basic Clinical Parasitology. 6th Ed., pp. 226-244. , Norwalk: Appleton and Lange; Schmidt, G.D., Roberts, L.S., (2000) Foundations of Parasitology. 6th Ed., pp. 265-281. , Singapore: McGraw Hill International Editions; Shekhar, K.C., Nazarina, A.R., Lee, S.H., Pathmanathan, R., Clonorchiasis/Opisthorchiasis in Malaysians - Case reports and review (1995) Med J Malaysia, 50, pp. 182-186; Sun, T., (1988) Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Parasitology, pp. 246-254. , New York: Igaku-Shoin
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M Rohela, I Jamaiah, C C Yaw (2006) Eye Lesion Caused By Adult Brugia Malayi : A First Case Reported in a Child From Malaysia Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 37: 4. 652-655 Abstract: We are reporting a case of an eye lesion caused by an adult Brugia malayi. The patient was a 3-year-old Chinese boy from Kemaman District, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. He presented with a one week history of redness and palpebral swelling of his right eye. He claimed that he could see a worm in his right eye beneath the conjunctiva. He had no history of traveling overseas and the family kept dogs at home. He was referred from Kemaman Hospital to the eye clinic of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. On examination by the ophthalmologist, he was found to have a subconjunctival worm in his right eye. Full blood count revealed eosinophilia (10%). Four worm fragments, each about 1cm long were removed from his right eye under general anesthesia. A thick blood smear stained with Giemsa was positive for microfilariae of Brugia malayi. A Brugia Rapid test done was positive. He was treated with diethylcarbamazine. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 1 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 17121289 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Rohela, M.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: rohela@ummc.edu.my xD;Chemicals/CAS: diethylcarbamazine, 1642-54-2, 1851-24-7, 90-89-1; Diethylcarbamazine, 90-89-1 xD;References: Anandakannan, K., Gupta, C.P., Microfilaria malayi in uveitis: Case report (1977) Br J Ophthalmol, 61, pp. 263-264; Dissanaike, A.S., Quah, C.H., Then, S.M., Mature female filarial, probably Brugia sp from the conjunctiva of man in West Malaysia (1974) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 23, pp. 1023-1026; Dissanaike, A.S., Ramalingam, S., Fong, A., Pathmayokan, S., Thomas, V., Kan, S.P., Filaria in the vitreous of the eye of man in peninsular Malaysia (1977) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 26, pp. 1143-1147; Mak, J.-W., Singh, D., Sukoaryono, J., Sivanandam, S., Brugia malayi infection of the human eye: A case report (1974) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 5, pp. 226-229; Mak, J.-W., Sivanandam, S., Experimental attempts to induce ocular infection in cats with subperiodic brugia malayi (1976) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 7, pp. 21-29; Karam, M., Ottesen, E., The control of lymphatic filariasis (2000) Med Trop, 60, pp. 291-296; Nutman, T.B., Weller, P.E., Filariasis and related infections (loiasis, onchocerciasis, and dracunculiasis) (1998) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Vol 1. International Edition, 14th Ed., p. 1212. , USA: McGraw-Hill; Rose, L., Filarial worm in anterior chamber of eye in man (1966) Arch Ophthal, 75, p. 13; Schmidt, G.D., Roberts', L.S., Nematodes: Filaroidea, the filarial worms (2000) Foundations of Parasitology. 6th Ed., pp. 447-452. , Singapore: McGraw-Hill; Tsieh, S., Bancroftian filariasis and Brugian filariasis (1988) Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Parasitology, pp. 195-199. , New York: Igaku-Shoin
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I Jamaiah, M Rohela, V Nissapatorn, M M Maizatulhikma, R Norazlinda, H Syaheerah, H P Tan (2005) Prevalence of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 36 Suppl 4: 196-201 Abstract: Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever have been known to be endemic and reportable diseases in Malaysia since 1971. Major outbreaks occurred in 1973, 1982 and in 1998. For the past few decades until now. many studies have been performed to investigate the importance of these two diseases in Malaysia. A retrospective study was carried out in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang to find the prevalence of these diseases. The data was collected from the record department of this hospital starting from the year 1999 until 2003 (5 years). A total of 6,577 cases of dengue fever and 857 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were reported. From the year 2000 onwards, cases of dengue fever had increased tremendously. However for the year 2001, there was a slight decrease in the reported cases. Most cases occurred in 2003, increasing from 674 in 1999 to 2,813 in 2003. Highest incidence was seen in Malay males more than 12 years of age. However, the cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever declined tremendously throughout the years. Most cases occurred in 1999 with 674 cases, then declining to only one in the year 2001 before it increased to 60 and 72 in the years 2002 and 2003, respectively. Most cases occurred in patients above 12 years old, the majority of which were Malay males. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 3 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 16438209 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I.email: jamaiah@ummc.edu.my
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I Jamaiah, M Rohela (2005) Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among Members of the Public in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 36: 1. 68-71 Abstract: A total of 246 stool samples were collected from the public who participated in a Medical Fair held at the University Malaya Medical Center. The stools were examined for intestinal parasites using the formalin-ether concentration technique. The overall infection rate was 6.9% (17 out of 246), with Trichuris trichiura being the most common parasite (4.5%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%), Clonorchis sinensis (0.8%), hookworm (0.4%), and Entamoeba histolytica (0.4%). None of these participants showed any clinical symptoms. The highest infection rate was among the Chinese 7.7% (13 out of 169), followed by the Malays 7.0% (3 out of 43) and Indians 3.3% (1 out of 30). The highest infection rate was in the age group 16-30 years, which was 9% (6 out of 67). The two cases of clonorchiasis were from two Chinese women aged 28 and 66 years. The 28-year-old Chinese woman was born in Malaysia and had never left the country, while the older woman was also born in Malaysia but had visited Hong Kong as a tourist on two occasions. Both enjoyed eating raw fresh water fish with porridge. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 11 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 15906644 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia xD;Chemicals/CAS: formaldehyde, 50-00-0 xD;References: Abdulla, M.A., Khairul Anuar, A., Sidik, K., Comparison of prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in school children in Kuala Lumpur (2002) J Uni Malaya Med Cent, 2, pp. 118-121; Chandra Shekhar, K., Nazarina, A.R., Lee, S.H., Pathmanathan, R., Clonorchiasis/Opisthorchiasis in Malaysians - Case reports and review (1995) Med J Malaysia, 50, pp. 182-186; Chia, W.Y., Fadzrizal, I., Goh, L.H., The problem of soil-transmitted helminthes in squatter areas around Kuala Lumpur (1978) Med J Malaysia, 33, pp. 34-43; George, J., Yang, C.K.O., Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthes in school children in the Federal Territory of Malaysia (1982) Med J Malaysia, 37, pp. 35-39; Hamimah, I., Zahedi, M., Ainiyah, J., The prevalence of intestinal parasites among children at the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1982) Med J Malaysia, 37, pp. 373-377; Kan, S.P., Epidemiology and control of enteric parasitic diseases in man in Malaysia (1988) Trop Biomed, 5, pp. 183-191; Kan, S.P., Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among Indian primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia (1984) Med J Malaysia, 39, pp. 143-147; Kan, S.P., Poon, G.K., Prevalence, distribution and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among the Malaysia children (1987) Public Health, 101, pp. 243-251; Kan, S.P., Yap, S.B., Yap, P.L., Intestinal parasitism among Penan children of the Upper Baram, Sarawak (1987) Asia-Pacific J Public Health, pp. 38-46; Karim, R., Rahmah, N., Khairul Anuar, A., Mehdi, R., Abdullah, B., Parasitic infections in the Aboriginal Community at Temengor, Hulu Perak, Malaysia (1995) Malayan Nature J, 48, pp. 425-432; Khan, S.M., Anuar, A.K., Prevalence of intestinal helminthes among patients admitted to the Balik Pulau district hospital on Penang Island (1977) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 8, pp. 260-264; Kim, B.J., Ock, M.S., Kim, I.S., Yeo, U.B., Infection status of Clonorchis sinensis in residents of Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (2002) Korean J Parasitol, 40, pp. 191-193; King, M.S., Clonorchis sinensis in a Malaysian (1968) Med J Malaya, 23, p. 139; Lai, K.P., Intestinal protozoan infections in Malaysia (1992) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 23, pp. 578-586; Lee, D.L., Lee, S., Chang, M.S., Paon, A.J., Katip, J.T., Intestinal helminth infections amongst school children in the Serian District of Sarawak (1999) Med J Malaysia, 54, pp. 96-101; Norhayati, M., Norhayati, M.I., Fariza, N.N., Health status of Orang Asli community in Pos Piah, Sungai Siput, Perak, Malaysia (1998) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 29, pp. 58-61; Neo, C.B., Cheah, Y.K., Chin, P.W., Prevalence and distribution of intestinal and blood parasites among Ibans in the Nanga Atoi in the Second Division in Sarawak (1987) Med J Malaysia, 42, pp. 294-298; Rahmah, N., Ariff, R.H., Abdullah, B., Shariman, M.S., Nazli, M.Z., Rizal, M.Z., Parasitic infections among aborigine children at Post Brooke, Kelantan, Malaysia (1997) Med J Malaysia, 52, pp. 412-415; Rahman, W.A., Helminthic infections of urban and rural schoolchildren in Penang Island, Malaysia: Implications for control (1998) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 29, pp. 596-598; Rajeswari, B., Sinniah, B., Hussein, H., Socio-economic factors associated with intestinal parasites among children living in Gombak, Malaysia (1994) Asia Pacific J Public Health, 7, pp. 21-25; Rim, H.J., Clonorchiasis in Korea (1990) Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 28 (SUPPL.), pp. 63-78; Sagin, D.D., Mohamed, M., Ismail, G., Jo, J.J., Lim, L.H., Pui, J.N., Intestinal parasitic infection among five interior communities at upper Rejang River, Sarawak, Malaysia (2002) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 33, pp. 18-22; Sinniah, B., Rajeswari, B., Johari, S., Rohela, M., Subramaniam, K., Ramakrishnan, K., Geohelmiths, protozoa and anemia among estate children in Selangor, Malaysia (1992) J Malaysia Soc Health, 10, pp. 37-43; Sinniah, B., Sinniah, D., Singh, M., Poon, G.K., Prevalence of parasitic infections in Malaysian oil palm estate workers (1978) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 9, pp. 272-276; Verle, P., Kongs, A., De, N.V., Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Nortern Vietnam (2003) Trop Med Int Health, 8, pp. 961-964; Yu, S., Xu, L., Jiang, Z., Report on the first nationwide survey of the distribution of human parasites in China. Regional distribution of parasite species (1994) Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi, 12, pp. 241-247
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Y A Lim, M Rohela, B L Sim, I Jamaiah, M Nurbayah (2005) Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected Patients in Kajang Hospital, Selangor The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 36 Suppl 4: 30-33 Abstract: A total of 66 fecal specimens obtained from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from Kajang Hospital were screened for Cryptosporidium oocysts. The fecal specimens were concentrated using the formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique, stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen and confirmed with immunofluorescence stain. It was established that 2 (3.0%) were positive for Cryptosporidium. The two cases involved a Chinese local man (with diarrhea) and an Indonesian foreigner (without diarrhea). A higher index of suspicion for clinical cryptosporidiosis in HIV patients, including those with chronic weight loss with or without diarrhea, is recommended. In addition, laboratory testing for Cryptosporidium in HIV-infected patients is highly recommended in order to have a better understanding of the epidemiology and management of the disease in Malaysia. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 10 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 16438176 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Lim, Y.A.email: limailian@um.edu.my
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I Jamaiah, M Rohela, V Nissapatorn, B L Khoo, P S Khoo, M Radhiyah, A Aisyah (2005) Malaria : A 10-year (1994-2003) Retrospective Study at University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 36 Suppl 4: 60-63 Abstract: Malaria is still one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Malaysia, particularly in remote areas. This retrospective study was carried out to find the prevalence of malaria among patients admitted to UMMC Kuala Lumpur, from 1994-2003. A total of 86 malaria cases were analyzed. Most cases occurred among foreigners [57% (49 cases)] while Malaysians constituted 43% (37 cases). Among foreigners, Indonesians constituted the most [57% (28 cases)]. Among Malaysians, most cases occurred among the Chinese [35% (13 cases)] followed by the Malays [30% (11 cases)]. Males [70%(60 cases)] were more commonly affected. The majority of cases were within the 20-39 year age group (69%). Three species of malaria parasites were reported, of which Plasmodium vivax constituted the most [55%( 47 cases)], followed by Plasmodium falciparum [29% (25 cases)], and only four cases (5%) of Plasmodium malariae. Nine percent (8 cases) were mixed infections. In this study, 12%(10 cases) developed chloroquine resistance: 7 cases of P. falciparum, and 3 cases of P. vivax. The most common complications were jaundice and anemia [77% (23 cases)], followed by blackwater fever [13% (4 cases)] and cerebral malaria [10% (3 cases)]. Most of the complications were due to P. falciparum [43% (13 cases)]. There were no reported deaths. This new source of malaria coming from foreigners must be given serious attention, as it has great potential of increasing malaria cases in urban Malaysia. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 1 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 16438181 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I.email: jamaiah@ummc.edu.my
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M Rohela, Y A Lim, I Jamaiah, P Y Khadijah, S T Laang, M H Nazri, Z Nurulhuda (2005) Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Wrinkled Hornbill and Other Birds in the Kuala Lumpur National Zoo The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 36 Suppl 4: 34-40 Abstract: The occurrence of a coccidian parasite, Cryptosporidium, among birds in the Kuala Lumpur National Zoo was investigated in this study. A hundred bird fecal samples were taken from various locations of the zoo. Fecal smears prepared using direct smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique were stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Samples positive for Cryptosporidium with Ziehl-Neelsen stain were later confirmed using the immunofluorescence technique and viewed under the epifluorescence microscope. Six species of bird feces were confirmed positive with Cryptosporidium oocysts. They included Wrinkled Hornbill (Aceros corrugatus), Great Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus), Black Swan (Cygnus atratus), Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides), Marabou Stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus), and Moluccan Cockatoo (Cacatua moluccencis). These birds were located in the aviary and lake, with the Moluccan Cockatoo routinely used as a show bird. Results obtained in this study indicated that animal sanctuaries like zoos and bird parks are important sources of Cryptosporidium infection to humans, especially children and other animals. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 8 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 16438177 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Rohela, M.
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V Nissapatorn, I Kuppusamy, I Jamaiah, M Y Fong, M Rohela, A K Anuar (2005) Tuberculosis in Diabetic Patients : A Clinical Perspective The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 36 Suppl 4: 213-220 Abstract: This retrospective and descriptive study was a report on the clinical situation of tuberculosis in diabetic patients, with 1,651 patients recruited. The mean age of TBDM patients was significantly higher than that of non-diabetic patients (p<0.05). Moreover, TBDM patients had a higher ratio of male to female than the other group. The significant proportion of TB appeared to increase steadily with age in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic ones (p<0.05). However, they showed similarities in terms of sex, race, marital status, present address, and occupation. A higher percentage of pulmonary tuberculosis (91.4%) was shown in the TBDM group. We found that both groups had no differences in the radiological findings, with opacity or cavity of the upper lobe involvement being 89% and 91% in TBDM and non-diabetic groups, respectively. TBDM patients were shown to have more treatment success (33.3%), particularly the pulmonary type of tuberculosis in the longer duration ( 9 months). Further findings demonstrated that a lower proportion of the TBDM group defaulted in their treatment (19.8%) and experienced resistance to anti-tubercular therapy (1.4%) compared to non-diabetics. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 20 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 16438212 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Nissapatorn, V.email: nissapat@hotmail.com
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M Rohela, I Jamaiah, J Menon, J Rachel (2005) Case Report Fasciolopsiasis : A First Case Report From Malaysia Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health 36: 2. 456-458 Abstract: Fasciolopsiasis is a disease caused by the largest intestinal fluke, Fasciolopsis buski. The disease is endemic in the Far East and Southeast Asia. Human acquires the infection after eating raw freshwater plants contaminated with the infective metacercariae. There has been no report of fasciolopsiasis either in man or in animal in Malaysia. We are reporting the first case of fasciolopsiasis in Malaysia in a 39-year-old female farmer, a native of Sabah (East Malaysia). This patient complained of cough and fever for a duration of two weeks, associated with loss of appetite and loss of weight. She had no history of traveling overseas. Physical examination showed pallor, multiple cervical and inguinal lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory investigations showed that she had iron deficiency anemia. There was leukocytosis and a raised ESR. Lymph node biopsy revealed a caseating granuloma. Stool examination was positive for the eggs of Fasciolopsis buski. The eggs measure 140 x 72.5 microm and are operculated. In this case, the patient did not present with symptoms suggestive of any intestinal parasitic infections. Detection of Fasciolopsis buski eggs in the stool was an incidental finding. She was diagnosed as a case of disseminated tuberculosis with fasciolopsiasis and was treated with antituberculosis drugs and praziquantel, respectively. Notes:
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V Nissapatorn, Y A Lim, I Jamaiah, L S Agnes, K Amyliana, C C Wen, H Nurul, S Nizam, C T Quake, C Valartmathi, C Y Woei, A K Anuar (2005) Parasitic Infections in Malaysia : Changing and Challenges The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 36 Suppl 4: 50-59 Abstract: A total of 1,885 blood and stool samples of four main protozoan parasitic infections were retrospectively reviewed from January, 2000 to April, 2004. Eleven of the 1,350 stool samples were shown positive for Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections; one of the 5 cases was clinically diagnosed as gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis, while 6 cases were giardiasis. In patients with giardiasis, children were among the high-risk groups, making up 66.7% of these patients. The common presenting signs and symptoms were: diarrhea (83.3%), loss of appetite (83.3%), lethargy (83.3%), fever (66.7%), nausea/vomiting (50.0%), abdominal pain (16.7%), dehydration (16.7%) and rigor and chills (16.7%). Metronidazole was the drug of choice and was given to all symptomatic patients (83.3%). For the blood samples, 28 of the 92 peripheral smears for Plasmodium spp infection were diagnosed as malaria. The age range was from 4 to 57, with a median of 32.5 years. The sex ratio (M:F) was 3.6:1, while the age group of 30-44 years was the most commonly affected in both sexes. The majority of patients were foreigners (60.7%) and non-professional (39%). Plasmodium vivax (71%) infection was the most common pathogen found in these patients, along with a history of traveling to an endemic area of malaria (31%). The predominant presenting signs and symptoms were: fever (27%), rigor and chills (24%), nausea/vomiting (15%) and headache (8%). Chloroquine and primaquine was the most common anti-malarial regimen used (78.6%) in these patients. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in different groups was 258/443 (58%): seropositive for IgG 143 (32.3%); IgM 67 (15%); and IgG + IgM 48 (10.8%). The age range was from 1 to 85, with a mean of 34 (+/- SD 16.6) years. The predominant age group was 21 to 40 years (126; 28.4%). The sex ratio (M:F) was 1.2:1. Subjects were predominantly male (142; 32%) and the Malay (117; 26.4%). Of these, 32 cases were clinically diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis. The range of age was from 10 to 56 years with a mean of 30.5 (+/- SD 12.05) years. The sex ratio (M:F) was 1:1.7. The majority were in the age group of 21 to 40 years, female (20; 62.5%), and Malay (17; 53%). They were also single (16; 50%), unemployed (12; 37%), and resided outside Kuala Lumpur (21; 65.6%). The more common clinical presentations were blurring of vision (25; 78%), floaters (10; 31%) and pain in the eye (7; 22%). We found that funduscopic examination (100%) and seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (93.7%) were the main reasons for investigation. Choroidoretinitis was the most common clinical diagnosis (69%), while clindamycin was the most frequently used antimicrobial in all cases. Among HIV-infected patients, 10 cases were diagnosed as AIDS-related toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) (9 were active and 1 had relapse TE). In addition, 1 case was confirmed as congenital toxoplasmosis. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 7 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 16438180 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Nissapatorn, V.email: nissapat@hotmail.com
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2004 |
Abstract: The records of 284 snake bite cases presenting to the Kangar District Hospital, Perlis, West Malaysia, from January 1999 till December 2000 were carefully reviewed. Data on prevalence and types of snake bites, were recorded. The majority of the cases were among Malays (60.2%), followed by Chinese (16.9%), Indians (13%), and others which include Thai nationals, army personnel from Sabah and Sarawak, and foreign tourists (9.8%). A higher incidence was found in males (60.2%) and most cases were seen in the age group of 10-19 years (33%). Snake bites were more common between 2 PM and 9 PM (47.6%) and from 7 AM to 2 PM (33.4%). The snakes were positively identified in 68 cases, of which 50 were common cobras (Naja naja) (73%), 16 were Malayan pit vipers (Agkistrodon rhodostoma) (24%) and two were sea-snakes (3%). Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 4 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 15916099 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; email: jamaiah@ummc.edu.my xD;Chemicals/CAS: Antivenins xD;References: Gopalakrishnakone, P., Chou, L.M., Aye, M.M., (1990) Snake Bites and Their Treatment, pp. 36-39. , Singapore: Singapore University Press; Lim, B.L., Abu Bakar, I., Bites and stings by venomous animals with special reference to snake bites in West Malaysia (1970) Med J Malaya, 25, pp. 128-141; Lim, B.L., Venomous land snakes of Malaysia. Snakes of medical importance (Asia-Pacific region) (1990) Venom Toxin Res Group, pp. 387-417; Muthusamy, E., Snake bite: Experience in Bukit Mertajam District Hospital, Pulau Pinang (1988) Singapore Med J, 29, pp. 383-386; Pierini, S.V., Warrel, D.A., De Paulo, A., Theakston, R.D., High incidence of bites and stings by snakes and other animals among rubber tappers and Amazonian Indians of the Jurua Valley, Acre State, Brazil (1996) Toxicon, 34, pp. 225-236; Reid, H.A., Thean, P.C., Martin, W.T., Epidemiology of snake bite in North Malaya (1963) Br Med J, pp. 992-997; Reid, H.A., Antivenom in sea-snake bite poisoning (1975) Lancet, 1, pp. 622-623; Rudolph, R., Neal, G.E., Williams, J.S., McMahan, A.P., Snake-bite treatment at a southeastern regional referral center (1995) Am Surg, 61, pp. 767-772; Seneviratne, S.L., Opanayaka, C.J., Ratnayake, N.S., Use of antivenom serum in snake bite: A prospective study of hospital practice in the Gampaha district (2000) Ceylon Med J, 45, pp. 65-68; Silveira, P.V., Nishioka, S.De.A., Venomous snake bite without clinical envenoming ('dry-bite'). A neglected problem in Brazil (1995) Trop Geogr Med, 47, pp. 82-85; Snow, R.W., Bronzan, R., Roques, T., The prevalence and morbidity of snake bite and treatment-seeking behaviour among a rural Kenyan population (1994) Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 88, pp. 665-671; Tan, K.K., Choo, K.E., Ariffin, W.A., Snake bite in Kelantanese children: A five year (1990) Toxicon, 28, pp. 225-230; Trishnananda, M., Incidence, clinical manifestation and general management of snake bites (1979) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 10, pp. 248-250; Tweedie, M.W.F., (1990) Poisonous Animals of Malaysia, pp. 36-39. , Singapore: Graham Brash; Wilkinson, D., Retrospective analysis of snakebite at a rural hospital in Zululand (1994) S Afr Med J, 84, pp. 844-847
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2003 |
M Y Fong, Y L Lau, I Init, I Jamaiah, A K Anuar, N Rahmah (2003) Recombinant Expression of Toxocara Canis Excretory-secretory Antigen Tes-120 in Escherichia Coli Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 34: 4. 723-726 Abstract: The gene encoding the excretory-secretory antigen TES-120 of dog ascarid worm Toxocara canis was cloned into the bacterium Escherichia coli. The specificity of the recombinant TES-120 antigen produced by the bacterium was investigated. A total of 45 human serum samples from patients infected with different helminthes and protozoa, including 8 cases of toxocariasis, were tested against the recombinant antigens in immunoblot assays. The results from the assays revealed that the recombinant TES-120 antigen reacted with sera from toxocariasis patients only. This highly specific recombinant TES-120 antigen can potentially be used for the development of an inexpensive serodiagnostic assay for human toxocariasis. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 8 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 15115078 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Fong, M.-Y.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: fongmy@um.edu.my xD;Chemicals/CAS: Antigens, Helminth; Helminth Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; TES-26 protein, Toxocara canis xD;References: De Savigny, D.H., Voller, A., Woodruff, A.W., Toxocariasis: Serodiagnosis by enzyme immuno-assay (1979) J Clin Pathol, 46, pp. 284-288; Gems, D., Maizels, R.M., An abundantly expressed mucin-like protein from Toxocara canis infective larvae: The precursor of the larval surface coat glycoproteins (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, pp. 1665-1670; Glickman, L.T., Schantz, P.M., Epidemiology and pathogenesis of zoonotic toxocariasis (1981) Epidemiol Rev, 3, pp. 230-250; Jaquier, P., Gottstein, B., Stingelin, Y., Eckert, J., Immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis in humans: Evaluation of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (1991) J Clin Microbiol, 29, pp. 1831-1835; Laemmli, U.K., Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 (1970) Nature, 227, pp. 680-685; Loukas, A., Hintz, M., Linder, D., A family of secreted mucins from parasitic nematode Toxocara canis bears diverse mucin domains but shares similar flanking six-cysteine repeat motifs (2000) J Biol Chem, 275, pp. 39600-39607; Maizels, R.M., De Savigny, D.H., Ogilvie, B.M., Characterization of surface and excretory-secretory antigens of Toxocara canis infective larvae (1984) Parasite Immunol, 6, pp. 23-37; Schantz, P.M., Toxocara larva migrans now (1989) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 41, pp. 21-34; Shields, D.A., Ocular toxocariasis. A review (1984) Surv Ophthalmol, 28, pp. 361-381; Tetteh, K.K., Loukas, A., Tripp, C., Maizels, R.M., Identification of abundantly expressed novel and conserved genes from the infective larval stage of Toxocara canis by an expressed sequence tag strategy (1999) Infect Immun, 67, pp. 4771-4779; Yamasaki, H., Araki, K., Lim, P.K.C., Development of a highly specific recombinant Toxocara canis second-stage larva excretory-secretory antigen for immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis (2000) J Clin Microbiol, 38, pp. 1409-1413; Yamasaki, H., Radzan, T., Watanabe, Y., Molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding an excretory-secretory antigen from Toxocara canis second stage larvae and its application to the immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis (1998) Parasitol Int, 47, pp. 171-181
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2002 |
M Rohela, I Jamaiah, K W Chan, W S Wan Yusoff (2002) Diphyllobothriasis : The First Case Report from Malaysia Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 33: 2. 229-230 Abstract: Diphyllobothriasis is a disease caused by infection with adult tapeworms of the genus Diphyllobothrium. Humans acquire the infection by consuming the raw or inadequately cooked flesh, roe, liver, or other organs of infected fish. Diphyllobothrium latum infection has not been reported in Malaysia; we are reporting the first case. The patient was a 62 year old Chinese male seen at the outpatient clinic with complaints of watery stools and slight abdominal discomfort for four days. Physical examination was normal. He was treated for diarrhea. Two days after treatment, he passed out intact off-white proglottids in his stool. Diphyllobothriasis was confirmed by examination of these gravid proglottids; typical operculated eggs were seen after rupturing the gravid proglottids. The patient had a history of eating sashimi (Japanese raw fish). He was treated with a single dose of praziquantel and had been well since. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 10 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Rohela, M.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia xD;References: Kyronseppa, H., The occurrence of human intestinal parasites in Finland (1993) Scand J Infect Dis, 25, pp. 671-673; Lee, S.H., Chai, J.Y., Seo, M., Two rare cases of diphyllobothrium latum type infection in Korea (1994) Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 32, pp. 117-120; Min, D.Y., Cestode infections in Korea (1990) Kisaengchunghak Chapchi, 28 (SUPPL.), pp. 123-144; Tsieh, S., (1988) Diphyllobothriasis, Hymenolepiasis and Dipylidiasis. Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Parasitology, pp. 283-285. , New York: Igaku-Shoin; Nutman, T.B., Weller, P.F., (1998) Diphyllobothriasis. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Vol I. International Edition, 14 th Ed., 1, pp. 1226-1227. , USA: McGrow-Hell
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2001 |
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P W K Chan, A K Anuar, M Y Fong, J A Debruyne, J Ibrahim (2001) Toxocara seroprevalence and Childhood Asthma Among Malaysian Children Pediatrics International 43: 4. 350-353 Abstract: Background: The larva of Taxocara spp., a common animal roundworm, may infect non-compatible hosts, causing a profound immunological reaction with marked eosinophil and IgE responses, not unlike in atopy. In this study. we determined the seroprevalence of Toxocara exposure in 66 asthmatic and 58 non-asthmatic children. Methods: Exposure to Toxocara was determined by examining the serum samples of the children for specific IgG antibodies to L2 Toxocara larvae, using a commercially available diagnostic kit. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean age, sex, social class, residence type and presence of domestic pets at home between the two children groups. Children with bronchial asthma were observed to have higher Toxocara seropositivity than that of the non-asthmatic controls (21.2 vs 8.6%, P = 0.047), Conclusion: The observed relationship between exposure to Toxocara infection and bronchial asthma in Malaysian children warrants further evaluation. Art understanding of any possible contribution to the pathogenesis of childhood asthma provides a potential avenue for prevention. Notes: Chan, PWK Anuar, AK Fong, MY Debruyne, JA Ibrahim, J
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1999 |
I Jamaiah, K C Shekhar (1999) Amoebiasis : A 10 Year Retrospective Study at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur Medical Journal of Malaysia 54: 3. 296-302 Abstract: A hospital based retrospective study of amoebiasis was carried out for a ten-year period at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Of the 51 cases traced, 30 (59%) had amoebic dysentery, 20 (39%) were amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and one patient had both conditions. Entameoba histolytica trophozoites were identified in 13 (43%) of the amoebic dysenteric stools and 9 (30%) from biopsy. Of the 20 (39%) ALA cases, only one showed parasites in the stool and biopsy. Majority of the patients with dysentery were Malays while Chinese comprised 40% with ALA. Males predominated overall with a male female ratio of 3:1, while for ALA it was 9:1. Most of ALA were single (71.4%) and were localised in the right lobe. The majority of the patients were unemployed. Eighty three percent (83%) of the patients presented with diarrhoea or dysentery followed by abdominal pain while those with ALA had fever, chills, rigors and pain in the right hypochondrium. Eighty percent of the ALA cases showed hepatomegaly. All patients responded to treatment with metronidazole. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 8 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 11045054 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I.
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Abstract: A thirty two year old taxi driver presented with complaints of headache, nausea, vomiting and blurring of vision of the left eye of two days duration. He was found to have an acute anterior uveities and secondary glaucoma. On further examination patient was also found to have a neuroretinitis and phlebitis in the same eye. A worm was found in the anterior chamber and it was removed via a limbal incision under local anaesthesia. The worm-like structure sent to the Department of Parasitology was identified as Gnathostoma spinigerum. The patient was treated with topical eye drops and oral steroids at the same time to reduce the inflammation. No neurological symptoms were seen. The patient was not available for further evaluation and followup. (JUMMEC 1999; 2:115-116). Notes: Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Mahmud, R.; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia xD;References: Khin, T., Intra-Ocular Gnathostomiasis (1968) Brit. J. Ophth, 52, p. 57; Neva, F.A., Brown, H.W., Basic Clinical Parasitology, p. 175. , 6 th ed. Norwaik, Connecticut, Appleton & Lange, p; Thuraisingam, V., Peter Tan, E.A., Sandosham, A.A., A presumptive case of gnathostomiasis in Malaysia (1969) Med. J. Malaya, 24, pp. 107-112; Bathrick, M.E., Mango, C.A., Mueller, J.F., Intraocular gnathostomiasis (1981) Ophthalmology, 88, pp. 1293-1295; Choudhury A.R. Ocular Gnathostomiasis. Am.J Ophth. 1970; 70: 276Daengsvang, S., Infectivity of Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae in primates (1971) J. Parasitol, 57, pp. 476-478; Dharmkrong-at A, Migasena S, Suntharasamt P. Enzymeiinked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to Gnathostoma antigen in patients with intermittent cutaneous migratory swelling. J Clin Microbiol. 1986; 23; 847-51Tudor, R.C., Blair, E., Gnathostoma spinigerum: An unusual cause of ocular nematodiasis in the western hemisphere (1971) Am J Ophthalmol, 72, pp. 185-190
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1998 |
I Jamaiah, A K Anuar, N A Najib, M N Zurainee (1998) Imported Malaria : A Retrospective Study in University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur,A Ten-year Experience Medical Journal of Malaysia 53: 1. 6-9 Abstract: Over a period of ten years (1983-1992), 134 malaria cases admitted to University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur (UHKL) were analysed. Malays constituted 27.6%, Chinese 29.8%, Indians 9.7%, Indonesians 16.4% and other foreigners 16.4%. Therefore, of the total number of cases, foreigners constituted 32.8% (44) of all the malaria cases admitted to UHKL. Fifteen of these foreigners had chloroquine-resistant strains of malarial parasites. Three species of malaria were reported of which Plasmodium falciparum constituted the most (46.3%) (80% of these developed resistance to chloroquine). Plasmodium vivax was confirmed in 44.8% (10% of these developed resistance to chloroquine) and there was only one case of Plasmodium malarie infection. Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 7 xD;Export Date: 15 October 2012 xD;Source: Scopus xD;PubMed ID: 10968130 xD;Language of Original Document: English xD;Correspondence Address: Jamaiah, I. xD;Chemicals/CAS: Chloroquine, 54-05-7
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B Singh, K E Choo, J Ibrahim, W Johnston, T M E Davis (1998) Non-radioisotopic Glucose Turnover in Children With Falciparum Malaria and Enteric Fever Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92: 5. 532-537 Abstract: To determine whether glucose turnover is increased in acute falciparum malaria compared to enteric fever in children, steady-state 6,6-D-2-glucose turnover was measured in 9 Malaysian children with uncomplicated malaria (6 males and 3 females; median age 10 years, body weight 22 kg) and in 12 with uncomplicated enteric fever (8 males and 4 females; median age 10 years, body weight 24 kg) in acute illness, after quinine (5 malaria patients) and in convalescence. Baseline plasma glucose concentrations in malaria and enteric fever were similar (all values are medians [ranges in brackets]) 5.6 [3.2-11.3] vs. 5.5 [4.2-8.0] mmol/L), as were serum insulin levels (5.6 [0.4-26.5] vs. 6.8 [1.1-22.5] milliunits/L; P>0.4). Glucose turnover in the malaria patients was higher than in patients with enteric fever (6.27 [2.71-6.87] vs. 5.20 [4.50-6.08] mg/kg.min; P=0.02) and in convalescence (4.74 [3.35-6.79] mg/kg.min; P=0.05 vs, acute malaria study), and fell after quinine together with a rise in serum insulin (P=0.03). Basal plasma lactate concentrations were higher in enteric fever than in malaria (3.4 [1.8-6.4] vs. 0.8 [0.3-3.8] mmol/L; P<0.0001) and correlated inversely with glucose turnover in this group (r(s)=-0.60; n=12; P=0.02). These data suggest that glucose turnover is 20% greater in malaria than in enteric fever. This might reflect increased non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake in falciparum malaria and/or impaired gluconeogenesis in enteric fever, and may have implications for metabolic complications and their clinical management in both infections. Notes: Singh, B Choo, KE Ibrahim, J Johnston, W Davis, TME
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