Abstract: The phylogenecity of the four Fusarium mycotoxin gene (Fum 5) that has already
been deposited in NCBI 2 gene bank was studied with a comparative sequence
alignment with other fungi like Aspergillus sps. Cochiliobolus sps. These results
clearly indicated that the Fum 5 genes of Fusarium species were originated from
Aspergillues fumigates and Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Fum5 gene closer
identity was also observed clearly with other fungal Fusarium species of
Aspergillus and Gibberella species.
Abstract: The booming of traditional medicine industries in India results an increasing demand on
medicinal plants. Being chemically diverse they are able to modulate several targets simultaneously in a
complex system. Analysis of gene expression by using modern technologies like genomics and
proteomics becomes necessary for the better understanding of molecular mechanisms. Conventional
strategies for gene expression have been optimized for single gene expression. Besides, DNA
microarray and 2D gel electrophoresis serves as suitable high throughput tools for simultaneous analysis
of multiple genes. This review highlights the applications of modern technologies for the development
of traditional medicines research in India.
Abstract: The maximal mycelial growth recorded in glucose amended cuture, and in the Production and
isolation of extra cellular carbohydrates and proteins the maximum amount of protein 231 mg/L
was record in sucrose amended medium besides Ganoderma lucidium produced maximum amount
of carbohydrate (975 mg/L) and protein (55.4 mg/L) in synthetic medium. The absorption peaks of
polysaccharide isolated from the fruit body of G. lucidium coincide with the 1,3-β-D glucan
(Sigma). Effect of polysaccharide on fibrosarcoma 180 induced mice. The body weight of sarcomainduced
mice was increased by 11% than the normal mice. In polysaccharide treated mice the body
weight significantly decreased and was similar to that of the normal mice, and remarkable increase
in the weight of the spleen (336%) and kidney (10.6%) in sarcoma induced mice than normal mice
whereas the weight of liver decreased to much as 29.3% in induced mice. In polysaccharide treated
mice a remarkable percent of decrease in weigh of the liver (116%), spleen (53.1%) and kidney
(35.46%) were observed. The concentration of DNA and RNA were elevated in induced mice.
Abstract: ABSTRACT – Bakanae disease of rice caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella moniliformis) occurs on rice world-wide. In order to have a specific species level identification two set of PCR primers VERT1/2 (based on ITS region and specific for F. verticillioides) and PRO1/2 (based on calmodulin gene and specific for F. proliferatum) were used on 92 strains of Fusarium isolated from rice collected from different locations of rice growing areas in North-Western Italy. Among the 92 strains, 38 confirmed to be Fusarium verticillioides amplificating a PCR product size of 578bp, and the amplification of 585bp product size was observed in 23 strains, confirming the species Fusarium proliferatum. The primer specificity was confirmed with the strains ITEM-231, ITEM-1746 and ITEM 504 of F. verticillioides and ITEM-1720, of F. proliferatum coming from the ITEM collection of ISPA (Bari, Italy).
Abstract: Use of BTH to evaluate the disease severity and induction of systemic resistance
in rice to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae is
investigated. A new batch of 25 isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was
obtained from infected rice lead tissues collected from Pattambi, Kerala, south
India. Their identification was confirmed by the plant inoculation test on to IR24
rice plants which produced characteristic bacterial blight lesions. Among the 25 of
X.o. pv. oryzae, four of the isolates were also virulent to IRBB21 rice plants (a
near isogenic line of IR24) which carry the Xa-21 gene for BB resistance. The
results confirm that there are pathogen strains in India which can overcome Xa-
21. Development of BB lesions developed in IR24 (BB susceptible) plants after
they were treated with BTH applications either as seed treatment or as foliar
spray at 0.1, 0.5, 0.1 and 2.0 mM concentrations showed that even at 2.0 mM
concentrations, IR24 plants were still susceptible to the pathogen. There was very
little or marginal effect of BTH on the induction of resistance to BB in IR24 rice
plants. When the same concentrations of BTH were applied to IRBB21 (Xa-21)
rice plants, they showed pronounced triggering of systemic resistance to BB
pathogen even at 0.1 mM concentration of BTH applied either as seed treatment
or as foliar spry. Disease severity index was reduced to 5 (against a score of 9 in
untreated) and there was 85–86% reduction in BB incidence in plants that
received 0.1 mMBTH. These results provide evidence that BTH-induced systemic
resistance complements the R-gene resistance in IRBB21 plants but not in IR24
rice plants.
Abstract: Efficient strains of bacterial antagonists for Magnaporthe grisea were identified through laboratory dual-plate assays. Two bacterial strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and two strains of Bacillus were tested against 30 isolates of M. grisea that cause Setaria blast for their inhibition of the fungus. On plates spread with the fungus mycelium, 12 of the isolates had a zone of inhibition caused by the bacteria that ranged between 2.5 and 3.0 cm in diameter. In the field trails, the bacterial strains Pf-52 and KRU-22 suppressed disease by 86.64% and 87.87% respectively, in Setaria italica line 1, and 86.64% and 83.21% in line 2. The mixture of all four strains afforded 88.87% (line 1) and 88.80% (line 2) blast suppression and this was the highest level of biological blast control observed. In addition to disease suppression, the bacterial strains significantly increased root and shoot length when compared with untreated plants. Of the four strains, Pf-52, KRU-22 and the mixture of all four strains showed significant increases of root length of 10.02, 7.44 and 13.29 cm (line 1), and 9.2, 5.7 and 13.11 cm (line 2) in the root growth stage. As in the case of root length, Pf-52, KRU-22 and the mixture of all four strains showed significant increases of shoot length of 11.38, 10.42 and 11.99 cm (line 1), and 9.87, 11.44 and 12.11 cm (line 2) in the shoot growth stage.
Abstract: The efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts of three Plumbago (Plumbago indica, P.
capensis, P. zeylanica) species on anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
were assessed. Out of the extract of three plants screened, that of Plumbago
indica showed the best result both in inhibition of conidial germination up to
(98.9%), and radial mycelial growth (98.75%) of the pathogen over the control
and in the pectinolytic enzyme studies also P. indica showed a minimum activity
of Polymethyl esterase (1.91U), Polymethyl galacturonase (endo PMG-2.77%;
exo PMG-0.028U) and Pectin trans eliminate; the least amount of sugar (endo
PTE-17.14%; exo PTE-11.11U) was released in P. indica. In cellulolytic enzyme
studies, the amount of viscosity loss due to the activity of 1,4-b endoglucanase
was remarkably reduced (3.57%) in P. indica compared to the other two species.
P. capensis showed moderate results; P. zeylanica showed minimum inhibition of
the enzyme activity of the pathogen. Results show that among all three plumbago
species tested, Plumbago indica was reported to be an effective plant extract
against anthracnose fungus.
