Michael G. Helander

Department of Materials Science & Engineering
University of Toronto
184 College Street, Room 140
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4
Canada

michael.helander@utoronto.ca

Home page


Journal articles

2012	DOI W M Tang, M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z H Lu, W T Ng (2012) Effects of annealing time on the performance of OTFT on glass with ZrO₂ as gate dielectric Active and Passive Electronic Components 2012: 901076 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M T Greiner, M G Helander, W M Tang, Z B Wang, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2012) Universal energy-level alignment of molecules on metal oxides Nature Materials 11: 1. 76 Jan Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Y L Chang, Z B Wang, M G Helander, J Qiu, D P Puzzo, Z H Lu (2012) Enhancing the efficiency of simplified red phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by exciton harvesting Organic Electronics 13: 5. 925 Feb 22 Abstract: Notes:
	J Castrucci, M G Helander, G Morse, Z -H Lu, C Yip, T Bender (2012) Charge carrier mobility in fluorinated phenoxy boron subphthalocyanines: The role of solid state packing Crystal Growth & Design 12: 3. 1095 Jan 9 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander (2012) Solution-Processible Electrodes Science 336: 6079. 302 Abstract: Notes:

	DOI J Tao, J Chen, D Ban, M G Helander, Z H Lu (2012) Optical Up-Conversion Devices for Infrared Detection and Imaging Science of Advanced Materials 4: 2. 266 Feb Abstract: Notes:
2011	DOI C Sun, Z M Hudson, M G Helander, Z -H Lu, S Wang (2011) A polyboryl-functionalized triazine as an electron-transport material for OLEDs Organometallics 30: 21. 5552 Oct 14 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, J Qiu, D P Puzzo, M T Greiner Z M Hudson, S Wang, Z W Liu, Z H Lu (2011) Unlocking the full potential of organic light emitting diodes on flexible plastic Nature Photonics 5: 12. 753 Oct 30 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2011) Effect of residual gases in high vacuum on the energy-level alignment at noble metal/organic interfaces Applied Physics Letters 99: 18. 183302 Oct 31 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI W M Tang, M T Greiner, M G Helander, Z H Lu, W T Ng (2011) Effects of interfacial oxide layers of the electrode metals on the electrical characteristics of organic thin-film transistors with HfO₂ gate dielectric Journal of Applied Physics 110: 4. 044108 Aug 24 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI G E Morse, J S Castrucci, M G Helander, Z -H Lu, T P Bender (2011) Phthalimido-boronsubphthalocyanines: New derivatives of boronsubphthalocyanine with bipolar electrochemistry and functionality in OLEDs ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 3: 9. 3538 Aug 3 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI G E Morse, M G Helander, J Stanwick, J M Sauks, A S Paton, Z H Lu, T P Bender (2011) Experimentally Validated Model for the Prediction of the HOMO and LUMO Energy Levels of Boronsubphthalocyanines Journal of Physical Chemistry C 115: 23. 11709-11718 Jun 16 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI J Qiu, Z B Wang, M G Helander, Z H Lu (2011) MoO₃ doped 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl for low voltage organic light emitting diodes Journal of Applied Physics 99: 15. 153305 Oct 12 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI D P Puzzo, D P Puzzo, E J Henderson, M G Helander, Z B Wang, G A Ozin, Z H Lu (2011) Visible Colloidal Nanocrystal Silicon Light-Emitting Diode Nano Letters 11: 4. 1585-1590 Mar 28 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, X F Xu, D P Puzzo, J Qiu, M T Greiner, Z H Lu (2011) Optical design of organic light emitting diodes Journal of Applied Physics 109: 5. 053107 Mar 11 Abstract: Notes:

	DOI D P Puzzo, D P Puzzo, M G Helander, P G O'Brien, Z B Wang, N Soheilnia, N Kherani, Z H Lu, G A Ozin (2011) Organic Light-Emitting Diode Microcavities from Transparent Conducting Metal Oxide Photonic Crystals Nano Letters 11: 4. 1457-1462 Mar 21 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, J Qiu, M T Greiner, D P Puzzo, Z W Liu, Z H Lu (2011) Chlorinated Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes with High Work Function for Organic Device Compatibility Science 332: 6032. 947-950 May 20 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, Z M Hudson, J Qiu, S Wang, Z H Lu (2011) Pt(II) complex based phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with external quantum efficiencies above 20% Applied Physics Letters 98: 21. 213301 May 23 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, J Qiu, D P Puzzo, M T Greiner, Z W Liu, Z H Lu (2011) Highly simplified phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with >20% external quantum efficiency at >10,000 cd/m² Applied Physics Letters 98: 7. 073310 Feb 18 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z B Wang, W M Tang, Z H Lu (2011) Work function of fluorine doped tin oxide Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 29: 1. 011019 Jan 5 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2011) Note: Binding energy scale calibration of electron spectrometers for photoelectron spectroscopy using a single sample Review of Scientific Instruments 82: 9. 096107 Sep 28 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI W M Tang, M T Greiner, M G Helander, Z H Lu, W T Ng (2011) Effects of interfacial oxide layers of the electrode metals on the electrical characteristics of organic thin-film transistors with HfO₂ gate dielectric Journal of Applied Physics 110: 4. 044108 Aug 24 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2011) Chlorinated indium tin oxide as a charge injecting electrode for admittance spectroscopy Organic Electronics 12: 9. 1576 Jun 22 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z M Hudson, M G Helander, Z H Lu, S N Wang (2011) Highly efficient orange electrophosphorescence from a trifunctional organoboron-Pt(II) complex Chemical Communications 47: 2. 755-757 Nov 11 Abstract: Notes:
2010	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, Z W Liu, M T Greiner, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2010) Controlling carrier accumulation and exciton formation in organic light emitting diodes Applied Physics Letters 96: 4. 043303 Jan 26 Abstract: Notes:

	DOI M T Greiner, M G Helander, Z B Wang, W M Tang, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2010) A metallic molybdenum suboxide buffer layer for organic electronic devices Applied Physics Letters 96: 21. 213302 May 26 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, G E Morse, J Qiu, J S Castrucci, T P Bender, Z H Lu (2010) Pentafluorophenoxy Boron Subphthalocyanine As a Fluorescent Dopant Emitter in Organic Light Emitting Diodes ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2: 11. 3147-3152 Oct 20 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z M Hudson, C Sun, M G Helander, H Amarne, Z H Lu, S N Wang (2010) Enhancing Phosphorescence and Electrophosphorescence Efficiency of Cyclometalated Pt(II) Compounds with Triarylboron Advanced Functional Materials 20: 20. 3426-3439 Oct 22 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI J W Thomson, G Lawson, P O'Brien, R Klenkler, M G Helander, S Petrov, Z H Lu, N P Kherani, A Adronov, G Ozin (2010) Flash Nano-Welding : Investigation and Control of the Photothermal Response of Ultrathin Bismuth Sulfide Nanowire Films Advanced Materials 22: 39. 4395-4400 Oct 15 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI W M Tang, W T Ng, M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z H Lu (2010) UV ozone passivation of the metal/dielectric interface for HfO₂-based organic thin film transistors Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 28: 6. 1100-1103 Oct 13 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI J Chen, D Y Ban, M G Helander, Z H Lu, P Poole (2010) Near-Infrared Inorganic/Organic Optical Upconverter with an External Power Efficiency of > 100% Advanced Materials 22: 43. 4900-4904 Nov 16 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI D Gao, M G Helander, Z B Wang, D P Puzzo, M T Greiner, Z H Lu (2010) C₆₀:LiF Blocking Layer for Environmentally Stable Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Advanced Materials 22: 47. 5404-5408 Dec 14 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M T Greiner, M G Helander, Z B Wang, W M Tang, Z H Lu (2010) Effects of Processing Conditions on the Work Function and Energy-Level Alignment of NiO Thin Films Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114: 46. 19777-19781 Nov 25 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z W Liu, M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2010) Band Alignment at Anode/Organic Interfaces for Highly Efficient Simplified Blue-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114: 39. 16746-16749 Sep 2 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, J Qiu, Z W Liu, M T Greiner, Z H Lu (2010) Direct hole injection in to 4,4 '-N,N '-dicarbazole-biphenyl : A simple pathway to achieve efficient organic light emitting diodes Journal of Applied Physics 108: 2. 024510 Jul 29 Abstract: Notes:

	DOI M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2010) Effect of electrostatic screening on apparent shifts in photoemission spectra near metal/organic interfaces Physical Review B 81: 15. 153308 Apr 30 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2010) Pitfalls in measuring work function using photoelectron spectroscopy Applied Surface Science 256: 8. 2602-2605 Nov 10 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z H Lu (2010) The impact of the Fermi-Dirac distribution on charge injection at metal/organic interfaces Journal of Chemical Physics 132: 17. 174708 MAY 7 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, M T Greiner, Z W Liu, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2010) Oxidized Gold Thin Films : An Effective Material for High-Performance Flexible Organic Optoelectronics Advanced Materials 22: 18. 2037-2040 May 11 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z W Liu, M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2010) Efficient Single-Layer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on C545T-Alq₃ System Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114: 27. 11931-11935 Jun 18 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI G E Morse, M G Helander, J F Maka, Z H Lu, T P Bender (2010) Fluorinated Phenoxy Boron Subphthalocyanines in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2: 7. 1934-1944 Jun 22 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, M T Greiner, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2010) Carrier mobility of organic semiconductors based on current-voltage characteristics Journal of Applied Physics 107: 3. 034506 Feb 11 Abstract: Notes:
2009	DOI M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2009) Angle-dependent ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of sputter cleaned polycrystalline noble metals Applied Surface Science 255: 23. 9553-9556 Aug 3 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z W Liu, M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2009) Efficient single layer RGB phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes Organic Electronics 10: 6. 1146-1151 Jun 8 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, M T Greiner, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2009) Substrate dependent charge injection at the V₂O₅/organic interface Applied Physics Letters 95: 8. 083301 Aug 26 Abstract: Notes:

	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, M T Greiner, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2009) Energy-level alignment and charge injection at metal/C₆₀/organic interfaces Applied Physics Letters 95: 4. 043302 Jul 27 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI J Chen, D Ban, M G Helander, Z Lu, M Graf, A J SpringThorpe, H C Liu (2009) Near-infrared optical upconverter based on i-In_0.53Ga_0.47As/C₆₀ photovoltaic heterojunction Electronics Letters 45: 14. 753-754 Jul 2 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, M T Greiner, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2009) Band alignment at the hybrid heterojunction between S-passivated III-V semiconductors and C₆₀ Journal of Applied Physics 106: 5. 056105 Sep 11 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI J Chen, D Y Ban, M G Helander, Z H Lu, M Graf, P Poole, H C Liu (2009) Near-IR Optical Upconverter With Integrated Heterojunction Phototransistor and Organic Light-Emitting Diode IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 21: 19. 1447-1449 Oct 1 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, M T Greiner, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2009) Analysis of charge-injection characteristics at electrode-organic interfaces : Case study of transition-metal oxides Physical Review B 80: 23. 235325 Dec 18 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M T Greiner, M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2009) Transfer-arm evaporator cell for rapid loading and deposition of organic thin films Review of Scientific Instruments 80: 12. 125101 Dec 7 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, M T Greiner, Z W Liu, K Lian, Z H Lu (2009) The effect of UV ozone treatment on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Applied Physics Letters 95: 17. 173302 Oct 27 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI K Hou, D Puzzo, M G Helander, S S Lo, L D Bonifacio, W D Wang, Z H Lu, G D Scholes, G A Ozin (2009) Dye-Anchored Mesoporous Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Electrochemiluminescence Cell Advanced Materials 21: 24. 2492-2496 Jun 26 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI K Y F Tsai, M G Helander, Z H Lu (2009) Interfacial electronic structure of a hybrid organic-inorganic optical upconverter device : The role of interface states Journal of Applied Physics 105: 8. 083706 Apr 21 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z W Liu, M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2009) Efficient bilayer phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes : Direct hole injection into triplet dopants Applied Physics Letters 94: 11. 13305 Mar 19 Abstract: Notes:

	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, M T Greiner, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2009) Experimental design for the determination of the injection barrier height at metal/organic interfaces using temperature dependent current-voltage measurements Review of Scientific Instruments 80: 3. 033901 Mar 6 Abstract: Notes:
2008	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2008) Contact formation at the C₆₀/alkali-metal fluoride/Al interface Applied Physics Letters 93: 8. 083311 Aug 29 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, S W Tsang, Z H Lu (2008) Abnormal charge injection behavior at metal-organic interfaces Physical Review B 78: 19. 193303 Nov 6 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI G B Murdoch, M Greiner, M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2008) A comparison of CuO and Cu₂O hole-injection layers for low voltage organic devices Applied Physics Letters 93: 8. 083309 Aug 29 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI Z B Wang, M G Helander, S W Tsang, Z H Lu (2008) Abnormal charge injection behavior at metal-organic interfaces Physical Review B 78: 19. Nov 6 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2008) Band alignment at metal/organic and metal/oxide/organic interfaces Applied Physics Letters 93: 19. 193310 Nov 14 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, L Mordoukhovski, Z H Lu (2008) Comparison of Alq₃/alkali-metal fluoride/Al cathodes for organic electroluminescent devices Journal of Applied Physics 104: 9. 094510 Nov 12 Abstract: Notes:
	M G Helander, M R Emami (2008) Engineering eLaboratories : Integration of remote access and eCollaboration International Journal of Engineering Education 24: 3. 466-479 Mar 1 Abstract: Notes:
Conference papers

2011	Mark T Greiner, M G Helander, Z H Lu (2011) Energy-level alignment of transition metal oxides and organic semiconductors In: E-MRS 2011 Abstract: Notes:
2010	DOI J Chen, D Ban, M G Helander, Z H Lu, P Poole, H C Liu (2010) Hybrid infrared optical upconversion devices with a built-in electrical gain In: Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7660 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI W M Tang, M G Helander, M T Greiner, W T Ng, Z H Lu (2010) Electrode effects on the breakdown characteristics of high-k HfO₂ metal-insulator-metal capacitors In: EDSSC 2010 Abstract: Notes:
	M R Emami, M G Helander (2010) An Outline of eDesign In: ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings Abstract: Notes:
2009	M R Emami, M G Helander (2009) The effects of computer interface on learning outcomes in remote access laboratories In: ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings Abstract: Notes:

	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, M T Greiner, J Qiu, Z H Lu (2009) Band alignment at electrode-organic interfaces”, In: Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7415 Abstract: Notes:
	M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2009) Energy-level alignment and charge injection at electrode-organic interfaces In: IMID 2009 Digest Abstract: Notes:
	DOI D Ban, J Chen, M G Helander, Z H Lu, M Graf, A J SpringThorpe, P Poole, H C Liu (2009) Infrared organic/inorganic optical upconverting devices In: Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7383 Abstract: Notes:
	DOI W M Tang, M G Helander, M T Greiner, G Dong, W T Ng, Z H Lu (2009) Enhanced Performance for OTFT on Glass with HfO₂ as Gate Dielectric by UV-Ozone Treatment In: EDSSC 2009 Abstract: Notes:
	J Chen, D Y Ban, M G Helander, Z H Lu, M Graf, A J SpringThorpe, H C Liu (2009) Near infrared optical upconverter based on i-In_0.53Ga_0.47As/C₆₀ photovoltaic junction In: CLEO/QELS 2009 Abstract: Notes:
2008	M R Emami, M G Helander (2008) Remote Access Laboratories for Engineering Education In: ICEE 2008 Abstract: Notes:
	M Helander M Reza Emami (2008) The Pedagogical Effects of Physical Separation in Remote Access Laboratories In: ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings Abstract: Notes:
	DOI M G Helander, Z B Wang, Z H Lu (2008) Metal/Fullerene Electrode Structure : Physics and Device Applications In: Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7051 Abstract: Notes: Times Cited: 0
2007	M R Emami, M G Helander (2007) Remote Access Laboratories for Engineering Education In: iCEER 2007 Abstract: Notes:
2006	M Helander, R Emami (2006) eLearning for Engineering In: ICEE 2006 Abstract: Notes:
	R Emami, M Helander (2006) eDesign In: CDEN 2006 Abstract: Notes:

Michael G. Helander

Journal articles

Conference papers