Abstract: During osseointegration, new bone may be laid down on the implant surface and/or on the old bone surface; the former is known as contact osteogenesis and the latter as distance osteogenesis. Implant surface topography and material composition affect this process. The present study evaluates Ca and P apposition onto three different dental implant material surfaces (carbon monoxide (CO) ion implantation on Ti6Al4V, sand blasting and acid etching on commercially pure titanium and untreated Ti6Al4V) on the mandibles of beagles after healing periods of 3 and 6 months. Energy dispersive spectroscopy is useful for identifying low-density bone relative to surrounding mature bone, allowing for discrimination of the osteogenesis source. Low-density bone was only found at the apical end; there was none on the surface of untreated implants. Low-density bone arising from mature bone towards the implant at month 3 (i.e. distance osteogenesis) was only present on the CO ion implanted samples, due to the modification of the surface nano-topography and the chemistry and structure of the material.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare carbon-oxygen (CO) ion implantation as a surface treatment with diamond-like carbon and commercially treated implants, including double acid-etched (Osseotite), oxidized (TiUnite) and sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), using machine-turned titanium implants as control. A total of 72 dental implants divided into 6 groups were placed in the mandibles of 12 beagle dogs. Evaluation was performed by conventional light transmission microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The histological results obtained via ESEM demonstrated bone-implant contact percentage (%BIC) for implants treated with CO ion implantation of 61% and 62% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. At the same time points, the values were 48% and 45% for double acid-etched, 46% and 52% for sandblasted and acid-etched, 55% and 46% for oxidized, and 33% and 49% for machine-turned titanium control implants. Values of %BIC were statistically significantly higher in implants treated with CO ion implantation compared to the commercially treated implant group (p=0.002 and p=0.025) and the control implants (p=0.001 and p=0.032) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the three groups of commercially treated implants. The larger %BIC of the ion-implanted group was observable at an early stage.
Abstract: According to the Medical Devices Directive, both the preparation for clinical trials and marketing of implants require that a risk analysis is performed. This paper presents a risk analysis for a dental implant in the framework of the risk management process carried out for the preparation of a multi-centre clinical trial, where likely hazards, failure modes and their severities, probabilities and detectabilities are assessed, together with a review of the related scientific literature. The clinical study aimed to evaluate a new ion implantation-based implant surface designed for the promotion of more extensive and faster osseointegration.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Improvements in the bone-implant interface can provide clinical benefits, such as increasing the amount of bone in contact with the implant and shortening the time required to achieve sufficient bone appositioning to allow early prosthetic loading. The present study describes the results obtained with 2 new surface treatments: (a) CO ion implantation; and (b) diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each group (ion implantation, DLC, and the control group, turned titanium) consisted of 12 samples. Beagle dogs subjected to previous partial edentulation were used. Dual histologic evaluation was made of percentage bone-implant contact (% BIC) of all samples based on conventional histomorphometric analysis and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). RESULTS: The results obtained after 3 and 6 months of dental implant placement showed greater and faster bone integration in the CO ion implantation group (61% and 62% BIC, respectively) compared with the DLC group (47% and 50%); the data corresponding to the ion implanted samples were statistically significant compared with the control group (33% and 49% BIC after 3 and 6 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed improved % BIC for implants with ion-implanted surfaces in comparison to DLC coating and machined controls. Furthermore, bone integration appeared to be accelerated in the ion implantation group, since high % BIC values were recorded in the early stages after in vivo implantation.
Abstract: Dental implants subjected to surface treatment have shown better bone integration than implants which have only been turned (machined). Three main types of treatment are presently available: the addition of material or coating, the removal of material, and surface modification. Ion implantation corresponds to the third approach. A histomorphometric study is made following the rabbit tibial bone placement of 88 commercial dental implants of pure titanium and Ti6AI4V subjected to surface treatment in the form of different ion implants (C+, CO+, N+, Ne+). Light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), electron microsonde (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were made. The results indicate improved bone integration (expressed as percentage bone-implant contact) in those specimens subjected to ion implantation versus the non-treated controls, the difference being statistically significant for the groups treated with C+ and CO+. In these groups, XPS showed a Ti-O-C junction (bone-implant interface) involving covalent type bonds, these being stronger and more stable than the ion-type bonds usually established between the titanium oxide and bone.
