Ass't. Prof. - University of Belgrade, Serbia, 2008-present PhD - University of Bonn, Germany, 2006 MSc - University of Belgrade, Serbia, 2003 BSc - University of Belgrade, Serbia, 2000
Abstract: The chemical composition of Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. has not been previously investigated. Fatty acids of this moss were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively with an aim to identify its corresponding pattern. A total of eight fatty acids were identified including two acetylenic ones: 9,12,15-octadecatrien-6-ynoic acid (42.26%), α-linolenic acid (20.32%), palmitic acid (14.31%), 9,12-octadecadienoic-6-ynoic acid (13.31%), linoleic acid (5.25%), oleic acid (2.47%), stearic acid (1.14%) and γ-linolenic acid (0.92%). To our knowledge, this is the first record of acetylenic fatty acids in the genus Rhodobryum. In general, acetylenic fatty acids vary considerably among different moss groups and have been used as a chemotaxonomic character in bryophyte classifications. Other species of Rhodobryum from Asia have been traditionally used in ethno medicine by indigenous cultures. Two fatty acids of those reported here, 9,12,15-octadecatrien-6-ynoic and α-linolenic acid, have known cardio protective activity, which supports respective claims of traditional herbal use of these mosses.
Abstract: The high mountain pottioid moss Molendoa hornschuchiana (Hook) Lindb. ex Limpr. is a very rare and critically endangered bryophyte species in Europe in need for ex situ conservation. A 25-year-old herbarium sample was used to revive and propagate this species for further reintroduction and introduction to potential natural habitats. The reviving of ââdeadââ herbarium specimen was achieved by disposing of axenical organisms as well as adjusting condition for developing secondary protonema, bud inductions, and optimization of gametophyte propagation in vitro condition.The influence of exogenously added growth regulators on the morphogenesis of this species was studied. The plants were cultured in the two basic types of media, viz., BCD and half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with different concentrations (0.01â0.3 mM) of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and N6-benzyladenine (BA) under a 16-h photoperiod. The influence
of growth regulators on gametophores multiplication in vitro as well as on protonemal diameter was recorded. Well-developed gametophores were obtained on BCD medium, whereas on half-strength MS medium, secondary protonema was produced, both on hormone-free and supplemented substrate exclusively. Based on multiplication index in vitro,maximumdevelopment of gametophoreswas realized on BCDmediumsupplemented with 0.3 mM IBA and 0.1 mM BA. However, the widest diameter of secondary protonema was obtained on BCD medium enriched with low concentration of both BA (0.01 and 0.03 mM) and constant concentration of IBA (0.03 mM). Chemical names used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), N6-benzyladenine (BA), Murashige and Skoog medium (MS).
Abstract: Riella alatospora is reported from cultured sediments from a salt pan near Springfield (Western Cape), South Africa. This species was previously known only from the type locality near Cape Town, and has not been collected since 1932. Because the original locality has been severely affected by urbanization in the past decades, the species is unlikely to survive there. The identity of the specimens obtained from the cultured sediments were confirmed by comparison with the type material of R. alatospora. A detailed description of R. alatospora including lectotypification,
illustrations, light and scanning electron microscopy micrographs of spores, and an updated distribution map is presented. Our finding suggests that the genus Riella is likely to be more widespread in South Africa than previously thought and that extensive sampling is required before an accurate distribution of the species can be ascertained. This study also highlights the value of culture sediments in revealing the presence of Riella.
Abstract: The antifungal activity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extracts of three bryophyte species, two mosses (Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch and Schimp) and a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L. ssp. ruderalis Bischl. and Boisselier), grown in nature and in axenic culture was evaluated by microdilution method against five fungal species (Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron and Trichoderma viride). All the investigated bryophyte extracts have been proved to be active against all fungi tested. In general, extracts made from material grown in the laboratory (in vitro) conditions express better anti-fungal activity comparing to those made from material grown in the nature. Some of the fungi tested react similarly to both extracts.
Abstract: The study gives the first report of in vitro culture of the pleurocarpous moss Hypnum cupressiforme and on the problems of axenicaly culturing this bryophyte and the conditions for establishment and propagation. Problems of surface sterilization are elaborated regarding sporophyte vs. gametophyte. The influence of nutrient, light length and temperature on different developmental stages is discussed. The best conditions for micro-propagation from shoots are slightly lower temperature (18-20°C), on MS-sugar free medium irrelevant of day length. This moss is a counterpart of some rare and endangered mosses from the same genus and date presented should be taken into account of conservation and propagation of its counterparts as well. Its propagation is valuable for horticultural, pharmaceutical and bioindication purposes, as well.
Abstract: The use of in vitro techniques for conservation has been rising steadily since their inclusion in The Convention on Biological Diversity and The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Unfortunately, bryophytes are often overlooked in conservation initiatives, but they are
important in a number of large-scale ecosystem processes, i.e. nutrient, water and carbon cycling. There is a long history of the use of tissue culture in cultivating bryophytes, and many species respond well to in vitro techniques. For 6 yr (2000â2006), The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the UK statutory conservation agencies supported a project for the ex situ conservation of bryophytes. Living and
cryopreserved collections of UK threatened species were successfully established and the cryopreserved collection continues to be maintained. Other in vitro conservation collections are maintained over Europe, at botanic gardens, museums and by individual university researchers, but there is no coherent European collection of bryophytes for conservation, or standardisation of techniques. A major issue for many in vitro collections is the maintenance of within species genetic diversity. Such diversity is considered to be important, as it is the basis by which populations of species can adapt to new conditions and evolve. We are proposing to establish a European network for in vitro conservation of bryophytes. We envisage that this will include living collections, cryopreserved collections and spore collections. Conservation of genetic diversity would be a priority and the collections would provide a valuable resource for conservation initiatives and support research into rare and threatened species.
Abstract: The fatty acid composition of the moss Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske (Amblystegiaceae) was preliminary analysed by gas chromatography (GC FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the first time. Six fatty acids were identified in its chloroform-methanol extract 1/1: palmitic acid (66.83%), stearic acid (11.73%), oleic acid (8.21%), linolenic acid (6.01%), α-linolenic acid (3.95%) and arachidic acid (3.26%). Arachidonic acid and cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, typical long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for many mosses, were not detected in the examined species.
Abstract: The diversity of saproxylic bryophyte species in beech forest stands from the wide region of the central Balkans (i.e.
Serbia and Montenegro) was studied, and this study is the first of such a type in SE Europe. Comparison of preserved
old-growth and managed forests were made. Bryophyte species diversity is higher in primeval forest stands where the
spectra of dead wood in various decaying stages of its dynamics are present. The ecological group of epixylic specialists
is predominant among the bryophytes recorded. Threatened bryophyte species occur in old-growth beech stands. The
dead wood as habitat together with some other factors are extremely important for the surviving of epixylic bryophyte;
so these species can be used as bioindicator bryophyte species of old-growth or managed and structured forest
ecosystems.
Abstract: Th e study provides an insight into the bryophyte fl ora of the VrÅ¡aÄke Planine Mts. Th is âisland
highlandâ in the eastern part of Vojvodina host 69 bryophytes species of which there are only three
hepatics. It is the habitat for 8 species exclusively recorded here in the whole province of Vojvodina
(N. Serbia).
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of DMSO extracts of three bryophyte species, two mosses and a liverwort (Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Marchantia polymorpha L. ssp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boisselier, Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp.) grown in nature and in axenic culture was evaluated by microdilution method against eight bacterial species (Escherichia coli ATCC 35210, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Enterobacter cloacae (human isolate), Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 7973, Bacillus cereus (human isolate), Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240 and Staphilococcus aureus ATCC 6538).
All investigated bryophyte extracts are proved to be active against all bacteria tested. In general, extracts made from material grown in nature express better anti-bacterial activity comparing to those made from material grown in laboratory conditions. Some of the bacteria react the same to both extracts and some even better to the extracts made from axenically grown material.
Abstract: A moss genus Herzogiella, from the pleurocarpous family Plagiotheciaceae contains only seven species world wide. It occurs in North, Central and South America, Europe and Asia. In Europe, only three species occurred, namely H. seligeri, H. striatella and H. turfacea of which, the last one is threatened. With aim to develop the methodology for protection, conservation and active propagation of H. turfacea, more commonly distributed counterpart, H. seligeri, were taken from the National Park Fruška Gora and axenically culture were established. The study gives overview into the problems of sterilization, in vitro establishing, development, propagation and biology of species, as well as indices applicable to threatened counterpart.
Abstract: Moss species of the family Brachytheciaceae, Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra and Kindbergia stokesii (Turn.) Ochyra, were preliminarily analysed for their fatty acid composition with the aim of studying the chemical relationship of these two entities. Fatty acid methyl esters were examined by GC and GCâMS in their methanol extracts. Thirteen fatty acids were identified.
It is likely that the mosses are chemically distinguishable and should be treated as separate entities. However, additional chemical constituents of various moss samples, such as phenolic acids, their derivatives and flavonoids, must be also analyzed in order to support the re-examination of the relationship between these two species.
Abstract: The moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. was treated with gibberellins as well as some inhibitors of gibberellin
biosynthesis in order to investigate their influence on B. argenteum morphogenesis. Generally, gibberellins have not
been chemically identified in bryophytes, while other groups of classical phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, abscisic
acid and ethylene) have been chemically identified in these plants. The in vitro culture of the moss Bryum argenteum
was established from sterilized spores. The apical shoots of untreated gametophytes grown in vitro were used to
investigate the influence of different substances on secondary protonema and on the growth and multiplication of the
gametophytes. B. argenteum reacts differently to the growth regulators applied. Both gibberellins applied in vitro (GA3
and GA7) have a positive effect on B. argenteum morphogenesis. Shoot multiplication was negatively affected by three
tested growth retardants (ancymidol, BX-112 and chlorocholine chloride), while these substances did not have such
strong effects on the moss protonema development.
Abstract: The genetic relalationships of Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. are studied from chloroplalast sequences of the trnL-F region. On the basis of the moleculalar data obtained, the Germanan populalation canan be considered to be derived from Scanandinanavianan (Swedish) rather thanan North Americanan populalations. To judge from the genetic distanances between the Swedish anand Germanan populalations, the separation must have occurred a long time ago.
Abstract: Photoperiod is known to regulate many essential processes in plants, but physiological effects of
photoperiod in vegetative stage of plant life have seldom been studied. This paper deals with effects
of day length on Catherineâs moss grown in aseptic culture. Photosynthetic pigments did not show
significant variations as a consequence of growth in different photoperiods. Protein content and
malate dehydrogenase activity were higher in long day (16h light/8h dark) than in short day (8h
light/16h dark) grown plants. Total phenolic compounds contents, as well as total antioxidative
capacity were shown to be higher in plants grown in long day conditions. Peroxidase activity was
also higher in long day than in short day grown plants. Regulation of components of antioxidative
metabolism in a moss species grown in different photoperiods are discussed in relation to same
parameters in higher plants.
Abstract: Abstract: A representative collection of bryophytes from various types of habitats typical for the National-Park Donau-
Auen, Austria was made between March and July 2007. Within the collection 63 mosses and 6 liverworts were identified.
Bryum archangelicum, Syntrichia calcicola and Kindbergia praelonga were found for the first time outside of the main area of
their Austrian distribution. Eight Austrian red-listed bryophytes were recorded in the investigated area. This study was the
first recent bryological investigation on this important, protected riverine area of Central Europe.
Kokkuvõte: Donau-Aueni Rahvuspargi (Austria) brüofüüdid
2007. aasta märtsist juulini koguti Donau-Auenâi Rahvuspargi (Austria) erinevatest kasvukohatüüpidest andmeid.samblafloora
kohta. Kollektsioonist määrati 63 lehtsambla ja 6 helviksambla taksonit. Bryum archangelicum, Syntrichia calcicola ja
Kindbergia praelonga leiti siin esmakordselt väljaspool Austria põhileviala, registreeriti ka kaheksa Austria punase nimekirja
samblaliiki. See on esimene kaasaegne brüoloogiline uurimus sellel tähtsal Kesk-Euroopa Donau-äärsel kaitsealal.
Abstract: The bryophyte diversity and urban bryophyte flora of the city of Belgrade was studied. In total 210 taxa were recorded, with 23 hepatics and 187 mosses. Comparing to some other urban areas of Europe, bryophyte diversity of the Belgrade metropolitan belongs among the richest in Europe, however bryophyte are not abundant. Among bryophytes of Belgrade city, there are 14 nationally red-listed species and two internationally threatened. According to the frequency of records, the Belgrade bryophytes are classified to rare, common and spread. Rare species within the urban area are 94, 69 are common to find and only 24 are spread and easy to record in Belgrade wide area. Urban metropolitan areas are different from native but gives various condition in small shelters for rich diversity of small organisms like bryophytes.
Abstract: This study on the bryophyte flora of some localities of the Gargano Promontory includes 188 taxa, of which 23 are liverworts and 165 are mosses. Among them, 5 hepatic and 38 moss species are newly reported for the Apulia Region (south-eastern Italy), while the finding of Gymnostomum lanceolatum is the first report for Italy.
à stata studiata la flora briologica di alcune località del Promontorio del Gargano. Questo contributo comprende 188 taxa di briofite (23 epatiche e 165 muschi). Cinque specie di epatiche e 38 muschi vengono segnalate per la prima volta per la Regione Puglia. Fra esse, Gymnostomum lanceolatum è segnalata per la prima volta per l'Italia.
Abstract: In this paper the effects of gypsum (CaSO4 x 2H2O) in the growth medium were tested on two
non-gypsophilous selected bryophyte species: Bryum argenteum Hedw. and Atrichum undulatum
(Hedw.) P. Beauv. With aim to test if some bryophytes are exclusive for gypsum enriched substrates,
the difference in gypsum effect on moss development were examined. In vitro cultures of two
selected species were initiated from nearly mature spores within unopened capsules. Half strenght
Murashige and Skoog media with added gypsum in concentrations of 50, 350 and 500mM were
used to test bryophyte develepment. Plants were grown on media with gypsum for 3 days or 3 weeks
to compare short and long term effect of salt exposure. Tested bryophytes, non-adapted to gypsum
and exposed to various gypsum concentrations in MS medium, did not show to have a problem
in surviving the new environment conditions. Moss species selected in this study and exposed to
gypsum enriched MS medium showed variation in morphological parameters to some extent (index
of multiplication, secondary protonemal production and survival rate) and chlorophyll content and
slightly altered chlorophyll a/b ratio. In general, both tested species could survive gypsum enriched
medium: secondary protonema was developed and new shoots were formed in both species, but
slight differences were recorded between short and long term exposure to gypsum. Acording to
data obtained, gypsum is not the stressor (at least not alone) which can separate some interesting
bryophytes into the ecological group of gypsophytes.
Abstract: An ecological and distributional approach of the urban bryoflora of the city of Belgrade has been made. Many different parameters and indices have been analyzed with aim to infer the significance and get better idea on the bryophytes within the urban areas. Mosses significantly dominate over liverwort species in urban conditions, and the most common life forms are turfs and rough mats. Small spores (less than 20μm) are abundant if sex reproduction is present among mosses. Urban environment conditions decrease sex and increase vegetative reproductive effort by producing many kind of vegetative propagules in the most of the species recorded. As expected, due to geographical position and climate, dominant distribution types within urban bryophyte flora of Belgrade is temperate.
Abstract: In this study, the deposition of three heavy metals (Mn, Mo, and Ni) in the county of Obrenovac (Serbia) in four moss taxa (Bryum argenteum, Bryum capillare, Brachythecium sp., and Hypnum cupressiforme) is presented. The distribution of average heavy metal content in all mosses in the county of Obrenovac is presented on maps, while the long-term atmospheric deposition (in the mosses Bryum argenteum and B. capillare) and short term atmospheric deposition (in the mosses Brachythecium sp. and Hypnum cupressiforme) are discussed and given in tabular form. Areas of the highest contaminations are highlighted.
Abstract: In this study, the deposition of three heavy metals (Pb, Sr and Zn) in the county of Obrenovac (Serbia)
in four moss taxa (Bryum argenteum, Bryum capillare, Brachythecium sp. and Hypnum cupressiforme)
is presented. Distribution of average heavy metal content in all mosses in the county of Obrenovac is
presented in maps, while long term atmospheric deposition (in mosses Bryum argenteum and B.
capillare) and short term atmospheric deposition (in mosses Brachythecium sp. and H. cupressiforme)
is discussed and given in tables. Areas of the highest contaminations are highlighted.
Abstract: Seed plant genera often exhibit intercontinental disjunctions where different species are found on different
continents. Many morphologically circumscribed bryophyte species exhibit similar disjunctions. We used nucleotide
sequences from the plastid and nuclear genomes to test hypotheses of phylogeography within representatives of the
genus Metzgeria: Metzgeria furcata, Metzgeria conjugata, and Metzgeria myriopoda. The first two species have
sexual and asexual populations, exhibit disjunctions between North America and Europe, and have been split into
separate species, numerous subspecies or varieties. The third species occurs in eastern North America but is not
reported from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses resolved three distinct lineages within the morphologically defined
species, M. furcata: one in North America, and two in Europe. Similarly, three morphologically cryptic clades of M.
conjugata were resolved by the molecular data: northern North America, Europe, and south-eastern North
America. For both species, molecular divergence among taxa occurred in the absence of morphological change. In
the case of M. myriopoda, all plants from eastern North America were both morphologically uniform and
genetically homogeneous (although not identical). The present study provides significant insight into a plant group
with complex taxonomy, and indicates that these liverwort taxa with wide distributions, extreme sex ratios, and
continental disjunctions harbor cryptic lineages.
Abstract: The bryophyte flora composition of three beehive yards in a wide area of Belgrade has been studied. The bryophyte vegetation abundance in the studied areas, as well as its diversity have been compared. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between bees and mosses, if any. Observations of bees visiting bryophytes were made. According to our observations, bees visit bryophytes only facultatively. However, the indirect relationships statistically supported (PCA, CCA) the influence of bryophytes to bees, and vice versa. The indirect relationship of bryophyte and bees was found and statistically supported. Bryophytes influence humidity and maintain a milder microclimate for flowering plants growing above them and so give them longer turgescency during the dry periods, making them more flurishing. This is of an indirect influence to bees which then do not have to visit distant pastures.
Abstract: Genetic variability within Serbian populations of the pottioid moss Hilpertia velenovskyi (Schiffn.) Zander was studied. Eight populations of this rare and endangered moss species were chosen for peroxidase isozyme analyses. From the data obtained, it can be inferred that four haplotypes are present among H. velenovskyi populations in Serbia, the Banat population being distinctive from all others.
Abstract: Ditrichum plumbicola is a species from heavy metal rich soil in Britain and Germany described only some 30 years ago. It resembles morphologically D. lineare, from which it differs by shorter leaves and plane leaf margins. To test whether D. plumbicola is genetically distinct, a molecular study has been undertaken using the nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnL-F DNA regions. The phylogenetic tree derived from 8 populations of D. lineare and four German populations of D. plumbicola shows that D. plumbicola intermingled in the branch of D. lineare. D. plumbicola representatives are variously positioned and not genetically well separated. It can therefore be supposed that D. plumbicola is merely an ecotype of D. lineare with slight morphological differences and not a good species. Ditrichum plumbicola is therefore reduced to a variety to D. lineare.
Abstract: The genetic structure, diversity and phylogeography of the moss species Campylopus oerstedianus in Europe was studied, based on the ITS region of the nrDNA of nine selected European populations. Although this species is only known in sterile stage, long-distance dispersal and gene flow among populations seem to be present within Europe. High levels of genetic differentiation between the investigated Greek population and the western European populations indicate a long lasting isolation.
The populations from France and Switzerland root together and supposedly have a common origin. From the French populations, the one from the Pyrenees is the most basal one and the populations in the Massif Central and the Vosges Mts can be derived from it. This indicates relatively recent dispersal of the species from the Mediterranean to the north, in spite of the lack of sporophytes and the fact that the type of the dispersed propagules and their vectors are not obvious.
Abstract: The chemistry of bryophytes is not well known. The available data indicate interesting chemical constitutions of some bryophyte species, i.e., active and new compounds are to be found within bryophytes, especially liverworts. In this study, one liverwort and two moss species were studied: Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort, Brachytheciastrum velutinum (Hedw) Ignatov & Huttunen and Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw) Ochyra. The phenolic compositions of these bryophyte species have not hitherto been reported. Their methanolic extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC, coupled to a diode-array detector (DAD). Luteolin-7-O-glucoside and quercetin were found in the L. cruciata extract. The extract obtained from B. velutinum contained four phenolic acids (4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, caffeic and ellagic acids) and three flavonoids (apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin and apigenin). The K. praelonga extract was characterized by the presence of several phenolic acids and their derivatives (4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and ellagic acids, and caffeic and p-coumaric acid derivatives) and three flavonoids (apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin and an unidentified flavanone).
Abstract: The names of all hepatics and anthocerotes published to the end of may 2007 in the Mediterranean countries and Bulgaria are compiled in an annotated checklist list. The list comprises accepted names and synonyms and provides explanatory annotations for ambiguous and disputed names. A total of 403 accepted species and 12 infraspecific taxa are reported from the area.
Abstract: Hilpertia velenovskyi is a continental-subarctic moss species, with a range extending from Ellesmere Island over Canada, Siberia, Mongolia and China to Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. The species is an element of cold loess steppes. Recently, H. velenovskyi was recorded as new from Eastern Germany in Saxony and in Western Germany in Rheinhessen. To clarify, whether the German populations are a result of recent spore dispersal or perhaps relicts from the last Ice Age, a molecular analysis of the nuclear ITS region has been undertaken. The results show a clear separation of the population from Rheinhessen from the other investigated populations, indicating a long isolation possibly since the last Ice Age or a recent spore long-distance dispersal. The population from Saxony clusters with populations from Hungary and Serbia and is thus part of a Central-European group.
Hilpertia velenovskyi ist eine kontinental-subarktische Moosart, deren Areal von Ellesmere Island über Kanada, Sibirien in die Mongolei und China reicht und die Vorkommen im östlichen und südöstlichen Mitteleuropa hat. Sie ist eine Art der Kältesteppen auf LöÃ. Die westlichsten Vorkommen liegen in Sachsen in Ostdeutschland und Rheinhessen in Westdeutschland. Um zu klären, ob die rheinhessische, disjunkte Population von Hilpertia durch eine rezente Neuansiedlung über Sporenfernverbreitung stammt, oder aber autochton ist und dort eventuell schon seit der Eiszeit überdauert hat, wurde eine molekulare Untersuchung vorgenommen. Dabei wurden die genetischen Distanzen zwischen Populationen von H. velenovskyi aus Rheinhessen, Ungarn, Serbien und Zentralasien an Hand von Sequenzen der intern transkribierten Spacer 1 und 2 (ITS1/2 der nrDNA) bestimmt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Population aus Rheinhessen von den übrigen europäischen Populationen verschieden ist, was entweder bedeutet, dass diese Population seit langer Zeit, vermutlich seit der letzten Eiszeit, keinen Genaustausch mit den übrigen Vorkommen in Mitteleuropa hat und daher als Glazialrelikt zu werten ist. Eine andere Möglichkeit ist, dass diese Population durch Sporenausbreitung aus einem anderen Teil der Erde hierher gelangt ist. Die Population aus Sachsen clustert mit den übrigen Populationen aus Mitteleuropa und ist Teil dieser Gruppe.
Abstract: The taxonomic concept of T. ruralis Hedw., T. calcicolens Kramer and T. densa (Velen.) J.-P. Frahm of various specialists varies much and was controversely discussed. The species were regarded as synonymous or distinct taxa, or T. densa was either placed into synonymy of T. ruralis or T. calcicolens. A molecular analysis using Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 and 2 (ITS) of selected Tortula specimens including specimens referred to T. ruralis, T. calcicolens and T. densa from the same locality, revealed that all three differed in their nuclear DNA sequences. This shows that these morphologically and anatomically distinct specimens are not modifications of T. ruralis and T. densa is not an intermediate between T. calcicolens and T. ruralis but a distinct genotype, as indicated by mixed tufts.
Die taxonomischen Konzepte von T. ruralis Hedw., T. calcicolens Kramer and T. densa (Velen.) J.-P. Frahm gehen weit auseinander. Alle drei werden entweder zu einer Art zusammengefasst oder als drei Arten anerkannt, oder T. densa wird für ein Synonym von entweder T. ruralis oder T. calcicolens gehalten. Daher wurde eine molekulare Untersuchung der Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 und 2 mehrerer Belege dieser drei Arten vorgenommen. Darunter waren Proben aller drei Arten von demselben Standort. Die Sequenzen zeigen Unterschiede auf dem Artniveau. Das heiÃt, dass diese Taxa keine Modifikationen von T. ruralis sondern distinkte Genotypen sind, was sich auch durch das Auftreten in Mischrasen zeigt.
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of Bryum argenteum ethanol extracts was evaluated by microdilution method against four bacterial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Staphilococcus aureus) and four fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium ochrochloron, Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophyes). All the investigated ethanol extracts have been proved to be active against all bacteria and fungi tested.
Abstract: The effect of different sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose) on morphogenesis of two moss species, Bryum argenteum Hedw. (Bryaceae) and Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae) in in vitro culture was tested. In vitro cultures of these two moss species were established from disinfected spores on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Apical shoots of well-developed gametophytes were used to investigate the influence of different concentrations (0.01 M, 0.03 M, 0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M) of sugars on secondary protonemal and gametophyte growth and multiplication. In in vitro culture of B. argenteum sugars had a positive influence on protonemal development and shoot multiplication, while in in vitro culture of A. undulatum these two processes were negatively correlated with addition of all tested sugars. Although all exogenous sugars tested affected developmental processes in B. argenteum and A. undulatum in in vitro conditions, these two moss species reacted differently.
Abstract: Isothecium holtii has been regarded as a good species, a dubious species, or as a variety of either I. alopecuroides or I. myosuroides. Its distribution range includes the British Isles, western France and western Norway, with disjunct occurrences in central Europe and Turkey. A molecular study was designed to clarify the taxonomic position of this taxon, as well as to assess whether the disjunct populations in Germany are a result of recent migration or whether they are relicts of a wider distribution from more humid climatic periods. The analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (internal transcribed spacer [ITS] 1/2) revealed that Isothecium holtii is a good species, and that it is more closely related to I. myosuroides than to I. alopecuroides. The disjunct populations in Germany are heterogeneous. Two clusters are found with different populations in western Europe, indicating independent dispersal events, whereas another is genetically isolated, indicating a long separation and a relict population. The populations in Brittany and the Massif Central are genetically related but are rooted with the populations from Britain and Ireland, indicating that they are relicts of a formerly continuous range.
Abstract: Bryophytes are the second biggest group of terrestrial plants. They have not
received much attention in biotechnology due to their small size and biomass.
However, lately many new features have been highlighted and the interest
for the potentials use of these plants increased. Scientifically new chemical
compunds are described from bryophytes. Bryophyte extracts are shown to
be biologically active with particular reference for their use in pharmacology,
medicine and agriculture for all round benefit of living beings. There are
some reports that some bryophyte extract are able to cure or prevent deseases
such as AIDS and cancer. With axenic culturing of some species, the problems
of enough mass and clean bryophyte culture are partly solved. Due to their
properties and life span where the dominant life phase is haploid, bryophytes
represent easy tools for molecular and genetic investigation. The model
bryophyte plant whose genome has been sequenced is Physcomitrella patens.
Bryophytes also have extraordinary values in environmental bioindication,
or microdust attachment. They received attention as ornamental plants and
covering plants in restoration and landscape ecology. Still, many things
remain to be proven in the biology of these organisms. This chapter gives
the overview of the biotechnological use of bryophytes today and their further
use potentials.
Abstract: Bryophytes, the second largest group of land plants, are extremely rich in terpenoids, phenols, glycosides,
and fatty acids. Although bryophytes could be used in medicine, their chemistry is not very well known
and the problem remains to obtain enough quantity of same species for analysis. In vitro cultivation of
bryophytes is the most appropriate way for large biomass production and isolate of numerous useful
compounds showing some interesting biologic activities. This technique is also useful in developmental,
cellular, molecular, biochemical, and eco-physiologic studies.
