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Kheireddine Taieb Aroua


mk_aroua@um.edu.my

Journal articles

2013
E Maleki, M K Aroua, N M N Sulaiman (2013)  Castor oil - A more suitable feedstock for enzymatic production of methyl esters   Fuel Processing Technology 112: 129-132  
Abstract: The yield of solvent-free enzymatic methanolysis of castor oil which is soluble in methanol was compared with soybean and palm oils that are low soluble in methanol. The comparison was performed under different operating conditions namely, enzyme dosage, solvent, and acyl acceptor. All reactions were performed at 45 C and agitation rate of 200 rpm for 24 h using lipozyme TL IM as catalyst. The yield of methanolysis of castor oil was remarkably high compared with soybean and palm oils especially at lower dosages of enzyme. Castor oil was the most effective oil with highest methyl ester yield of 67.58% at 15% of enzyme dosage. High yield of methanolysis of castor oil has been thought to be due to its solubility in methanol. Increasing the amount of enzyme improved the yield of methanolysis reactions to a maximum value followed by slight decrease at higher loadings of enzyme. However, enzyme dosage had slight influence on the yield of biodiesel from castor oil. Unlike palm and soybean oils, methyl acetate and tert-butanol didn’t improve the yield of enzymatic transesterification for castor oil. The special behavior of castor oil has been thought to be due to presence of hydroxyl group in its structure.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPTED :doi 10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.003 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Akoh, C.C., Chang, S.-W., Lee, G.-C., Shaw, J.-F., Enzymatic approach to biodiesel production (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55 (22), pp. 8995-9005. , DOI 10.1021/jf071724y; Vyas, A.P., Verma, J.L., Subrahmanyam, N., A review on FAME production processes (2010) Fuel, 89, pp. 1-9; Singh, S.P., Singh, D., Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review (2010) Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 200-216; Knothe, G., Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters (2005) Fuel Processing Technology, 86, pp. 1059-1070; Ranganathan, S.V., Narasimhan, S.L., Muthukumar, K., An overview of enzymatic production of biodiesel (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99 (10), pp. 3975-3981. , DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.060, PII S0960852407003999; Fukuda, H., Kondo, A., Noda, H., Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils (2001) Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 92 (5), pp. 405-416. , DOI 10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80288-7; Vasudevan, P.T., Briggs, M., Biodiesel production - Current state of the art and challenges (2008) Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35, pp. 421-430; Leung, D.Y.C., Wu, X., Leung, M.K.H., A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification (2010) Applied Energy, 87, pp. 1083-1095; Ting, W., Huang, C., Giridhar, N., Wu, W., An enzymatic/acid-catalyzed hybrid process for biodiesel production from soybean oil (2008) Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers, 39, pp. 203-210; Antczak, M.S., Kubiak, A., Antczak, T., Bielecki, S., Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis - Key factors affecting efficiency of the process (2009) Renewable Energy, 34, pp. 1185-1194; Li, L., Du, W., Liu, D., Wang, L., Li, Z., Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of rapeseed oils for biodiesel production with a novel organic solvent as the reaction medium (2006) Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 43 (1-4), pp. 58-62. , DOI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.06.012, PII S1381117706001895; Wang, Y., Wu, H., Zong, M.H., Improvement of biodiesel production by lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed methanolysis using response surface methodology and acyl migration enhancer (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99, pp. 7232-7237; Wang, L., Du, W., Liu, D., Li, L., Dai, N., Lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production from soybean oil deodorizer distillate with absorbent present in tert-butanol system (2006) Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 43 (1-4), pp. 29-32. , DOI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.03.005, PII S1381117706001020; Xu, Y., Du, W., Zeng, J., Liu, D., Conversion of soybean oil to biodiesel fuel using lipozyme TL IM in a solvent-free medium (2004) Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, 22 (1), pp. 45-48. , DOI 10.1080/10242420410001661222; Su, E., Wei, D., Improvement in lipase-catalyzed methanolysis of triacylglycerols for biodiesel production using a solvent engineering method (2008) Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 55, pp. 118-125; Li, Q., Zheng, J., Yan, Y., Biodiesel preparation catalyzed by compound-lipase in co-solvent (2010) Fuel Processing Technology, 91, pp. 1229-1234; Royon, D., Daz, M., Ellenrieder, G., Locatelli, S., Enzymatic production of biodiesel from cotton seed oil using t-butanol as a solvent (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98 (3), pp. 648-653. , DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.021, PII S0960852406000794; Zieba, A., Matachowski, L., Gurgul, J., Bielanska, E., Drelinkiewicz, A., Transesterification reaction of triglycerides in the presence of Ag-doped H3PW12O40 (2010) Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 316, pp. 30-44; Matachowski, L., Ziȩba, A., Zembala, M., Drelinkiewicz, A., A comparison of catalytic properties of Cs x H3 - X PW12O40 salts of various cesium contents in gas phase and liquid phase reactions (2009) Catalysis Letters, 133, pp. 49-62; Zieba, A., Matachowski, L., Lalik, E., Drelinkiewicz, A., Methanolysis of castor oil catalysed by solid potassium and cesium salts of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (2008) Catalysis Letters, 127, pp. 183-194; Panwar, N.L., Shrirame, H.Y., Rathore, N.S., Jindal, S., Kurchania, A.K., Performance evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with methyl ester of castor seed oil (2010) Applied Thermal Engineering, 30, pp. 245-249; Sousa, L.L., Lucena, I.L., Fernandes, F.A.N., Transesterification of castor oil: Effect of the acid value and neutralization of the oil with glycerol (2010) Fuel Processing Technology, 91, pp. 194-196; Canoira, L., Garcia Galean, J., Alcantara, R., Lapuerta, M., Garcia Contreras, R., Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from castor oil: Production process assessment and synergistic effects in its properties (2010) Renewable Energy, 35, pp. 208-217; Conceicao, M.M., Candeia, R.A., Silva, F.C., Bezerra, A.F., Fernandes Jr., V.J., Souza, A.G., Thermoanalytical characterization of castor oil biodiesel (2007) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11 (5), pp. 964-975. , DOI 10.1016/j.rser.2005.10.001, PII S1364032105000961; Pena, R., Romero, R., Martinez, S.L., Ramos, M.J., Martinez, A., Natividad, R., Transesterification of castor oil: Effect of catalyst and co-solvent (2008) Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, pp. 1186-1189; Meneghetti, S.M.P., Meneghetti, M.R., Wolf, C.R., Silva, E.C., Lima, G.E.S., De Silva, L.L., Serra, T.M., De Oliveira, L.G., Biodiesel from castor oil: A comparison of ethanolysis versus methanolysis (2006) Energy and Fuels, 20 (5), pp. 2262-2265. , DOI 10.1021/ef060118m; De Oliveira, D., Di Luccio, M., Faccio, C., Dalla Rosa, C., Bender, J.P., Lipke, N., Menoncin, S., De Oliveira, J.V., Optimization of enzymatic production of biodiesel from castor oil in organic solvent medium (2004) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Part A Enzyme Engineering and Biotechnology, 115 (1-3), pp. 771-780; Mukesh, D., Iyer, R.S., Wagh, J.S., Mokashi, A.A., Banerji, A.A., Newadkar, R.V., Bevinakatti, H.S., Lipase catalysed transesterification of castor oil (1993) Biotechnology Letters, 15 (3), pp. 251-256; Mittelbach, M., Remschmidt, C., (2004) Biodiesel: The Comprehensive Handbook, , Martin Mittelbach Graz Austria; Veny, H., Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Hasan, M., Raman, A.A., Sulaiman, N.M.N., Density of Jatropha curcas seed oil and its methyl esters: Measurement and estimations (2009) International Journal of Thermophysics, 30, pp. 529-541; Li, Q., Yan, Y., Production of biodiesel catalyzed by immobilized Pseudomonas cepacia lipase from Sapium sebiferum oil in micro-aqueous phase (2010) Applied Energy, 87, pp. 3148-3154; Ogunniyi, D., Castor oil: A vital industrial raw material (2006) Bioresource Technology, 97, pp. 1086-1091; Xu, Y., Du, W., Liu, D., Zeng, J., A novel enzymatic route for biodiesel production from renewable oils in a solvent-free medium (2003) Biotechnology Letters, 25 (15), pp. 1239-1241. , DOI 10.1023/A:1025065209983; Demirbas, A., Comparison of transesterification methods for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats (2008) Energy Conversion and Management, 49 (1), pp. 125-130. , DOI 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.05.002, PII S019689040700146X; Meneghetti, S.M.P., Meneghetti, M.R., Serra, T.M., Barbosa, D.C., Wolf, C.R., Biodiesel production from vegetable oil mixtures: Cottonseed, soybean, and castor oils (2007) Energy and Fuels, 21 (6), pp. 3746-3747. , DOI 10.1021/ef070039q; Goodrum, J.W., Geller, D.P., Influence of fatty acid methyl esters from hydroxylated vegetable oils on diesel fuel lubricity (2005) Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 851-855; Stevenson, D.E., Stanley, R.A., Furneaux, R.H., Near-quantitative production of fatty acid alkyl esters by lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of fats and oils with adsorption of glycerol by silica gel (1994) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 16 (6), pp. 478-484. , DOI 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90017-5; Saleh, J., Tremblay, A.Y., Dubé, M.A., Glycerol removal from biodiesel using membrane separation technology (2010) Fuel, 89, pp. 2260-2266; Gomes, M.C.S., Pereira, N.C., Barros, S.T.D.D., Separation of biodiesel and glycerol using ceramic membranes (2010) Journal of Membrane Science, 352, pp. 271-276; Gomes, M.C.S., Arroyo, P.A., Pereira, N.C., Biodiesel production from degummed soybean oil and glycerol removal using ceramic membrane (2011) Journal of Membrane Science, 378, pp. 453-461; Hayyan, M., Mjalli, F.S., Hashim, M.A., Alnashef, I.M., A novel technique for separating glycerine from palm oil-based biodiesel using ionic liquids (2010) Fuel Processing Technology, 91, pp. 116-120
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, A Shafie, R A Ismail, H Hamdan (2013)  Blended aviation biofuel from esterified Jatropha curcas and waste vegetable oils   Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers  
Abstract: Conventional petroleum-based jet fuels, including Jet A-1, are not renewable and generate a considerable amount of particulate and gaseous pollutants. Non-edible low cost vegetable oil such as waste vegetable oil (WVO) and Jatropha curcas can be used as feedstock for jet biofuel production with positive influence on the world climate change. In this work, an aviation biofuel was produced through blending of the methyl esters of waste vegetable and jatropha oils with Jet A-1 aviation fuel. A process was designed and fabricated to pretreat the waste vegetable oil obtained from local restaurant by means of dewatering and filtration to remove water and solid contaminants, respectively. Waste oil and J. curcas oil were converted to their methyl esters through a two-step catalytic reaction. Several blends of the produced methyl esters with Jet A-1 were prepared and characterized to determine the most suitable ratio based on the jet fuel specifications. The characterizations confirm that the jet biofuel with 10 and 20% methyl ester contents have comparable properties with the commercial available aviation fuel. Production of jet biofuel from waste vegetable and jatropha oil can be an alternative to reduce the amount of waste oil being disposed, to address the problems of energy and food self-sufficiency and to produce a clean fuel.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Article in Press :doi 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.02.007 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Baroutian, S.; SCION, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealandemail: s.barout@gmail.com
I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A R Abdul Aziz, N M N Sulaiman (2013)  The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production : A review   Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 19: 1. 14-26  
Abstract: Biodiesel fuel has shown great promise as an alternative to petro-diesel fuel. Biodiesel production is widely conducted through transesterification reaction, catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts. The most notable catalyst used in producing biodiesel is the homogeneous alkaline catalyst such as NaOH, KOH, CH3ONa and CH3OK. The choice of these catalysts is due to their higher kinetic reaction rates. However because of high cost of refined feedstocks and difficulties associated with use of homogeneous alkaline catalysts to transesterify low quality feedstocks for biodiesel production, development of various heterogeneous catalysts are now on the increase. Development of heterogeneous catalyst such as solid and enzymes catalysts could overcome most of the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. Therefore this study critically analyzes the effects of different catalysts used for producing biodiesel using findings available in the open literature. Also, this critical review could allow identification of research areas to explore and improve the catalysts performance commonly employed in producing biodiesel fuel.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.07.009 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my
R Yusoff, M K Aroua, A Shamiri, A Ahmady, N S Jusoh, N F Asmuni, L C Bong, S H Thee (2013)  Density and Viscosity of Aqueous Mixtures of N-Methyldiethanolamines (MDEA) and Ionic Liquids   Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 58: 2. 240-247  
Abstract: The density and viscosity of aqueous mixtures of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([bmim][DCA]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([emim][OTf]) were determined. The measurements were carried out at 1 atm pressure and temperatures ranging from (303.15 to 363.15) K. The concentration of MDEA was fixed at (2.0 and 4.0) M, whereas the IL concentration was varied from (0.5 to 2.0) M. Both densities and viscosities were increased with increasing IL concentration. Correlation equations of density and viscosity for pure substances and for MDEA and ILs aqueous mixtures as a function of temperature and concentration of MDEA and ILs were also determined. The linear correlation for density had an excellent accuracy with less than 0.98 % deviation for all aqueous mixtures of MDEA and ILs. Meanwhile, the extended Arrhenius equation for viscosity achieved acceptable precision with less than 30 % of deviation from experimental data except for 2.0 M MDEA and 1.5 M [bmim][DCA] mixtures.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JCEAA :doi 10.1021/je300628e Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yusoff, R.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ryusoff@um.edu.my References: Ahmady, A., Aroua, M.K., Hashim, M.A., Absorption of Carbon Dioxide in the Aqueous Mixtures of Methyldiethanolamine with Three Types of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids (2011) Fluid Phase Equilib., 309, pp. 76-82; Brennecke, J.F., Maginn, E.J., Ionic liquids: Innovative fluids for chemical processing (2001) AIChE J., 47, pp. 2384-2389; Gordon, C.M., New developments in catalysis using ionic liquids (2001) Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 222, pp. 101-117; Holbrey, J.D., Seddon, K.R., Ionic Liquids (1999) Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 1, pp. 223-236; Welton, T., Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis (1999) Chem. 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E Maleki, M K Aroua, N M N Sulaiman (2013)  Improved yield of solvent free enzymatic methanolysis of palm and jatropha oils blended with castor oil   Applied Energy 104: 905-909  
Abstract: In this work, castor oil was blended with palm and jatropha oils to improve the yield of solvent-free enzymatic methanolysis reaction. Transesterification reactions were carried out with stoichiometric ratio of methanol to oil and using lipozyme TL IM as catalyst at 45 °C and 200 rpm for 24 h. By adding only 10% castor oil to the reaction medium a surge in the yield of methanolysis of jatropha oil was observed (i.e. from 21.9% to 65.5%). Increasing the amount of castor oil to 20% raised the yield of methanolysis of jatropha oil to 78.3%. Blending 50% castor oil with palm oil increased the yield of enzymatic methanolysis from 11.9% to 76.2%. Mixing castor oil with jatropha and palm oils improved the yield of solvent free single-step methanolysis reaction to the higher amounts than the maximum theoretical yield of lipozyme TL IM (i.e. 67%).
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: APEND :doi 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.009 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Muppaneni, T., Reddy, H.K., Patil, P.D., Dailey, P., Aday, C., Deng, S., Ethanolysis of camelina oil under supercritical condition with hexane as a co-solvent (2012) Appl Energy, 94, pp. 84-88; Lin, L., Cunshan, Z., Vittayapadung, S., Xiangqian, S., Mingdong, D., Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel (2011) Appl Energy, 88, pp. 1020-1031; Qiu, F., Li, Y., Yang, D., Li, X., Sun, P., Biodiesel production from mixed soybean oil and rapeseed oil (2011) Appl Energy, 88, pp. 2050-2055; Demirbas, A., Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels (2009) Energy Convers Manage, 50, pp. 14-34; Leung, D.Y.C., Wu, X., Leung, M.K.H., A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification (2010) Appl Energy, 87, pp. 1083-1095; Chattopadhyay, S., Karemore, A., Das, S., Deysarkar, A., Sen, R., Biocatalytic production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil: standardization of process parameters and comparison of fuel characteristics (2011) Appl Energy, 88, pp. 1251-1256; Helwani, Z., Othman, M.R., Aziz, N., Fernando, W.J.N., Kim, J., Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: a review (2009) Fuel Process Technol, 90, pp. 1502-1514; West, A.H., Posarac, D., Ellis, N., Assessment of four biodiesel production processes using HYSYS plant (2008) Bioresour Technol, 99, pp. 6587-6601; Akoh, C.C., Chang, S.W., Lee, G.C., Shaw, J.F., Enzymatic approach to biodiesel production (2007) J Agric Food Chem, 55, pp. 8995-9005; Santori, G., Di Nicola, G., Moglie, M., Polonara, F., A review analyzing the industrial biodiesel production practice starting from vegetable oil refining (2012) Appl Energy, 92, pp. 109-132; Tan, T., Lu, J., Nie, K., Deng, L., Wang, F., Biodiesel production with immobilized lipase: a review (2010) Biotechnol Adv, 28, pp. 628-634; 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C S Lee, Y L Ong, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2013)  Impregnation of palm shell-based activated carbon with sterically hindered amines for CO2 adsorption   Chemical Engineering Journal  
Abstract: In this work, equimolar amounts of three types of sterically hindered amines (e.g. 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-(methylamino)ethanol) were impregnated onto the surface of palm shell-based activated carbon. Breakthrough curves of CO2 adsorption were determined using a continuous gas-solid adsorption column. Effects of the type of amine and gas flow rates on the breakthrough time were studied. The results showed that impregnated activated carbon have higher adsorption capacity than virgin activated carbon despite the dramatic decrease in surface area during impregnation. Among the three investigated amines, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol showed the highest bed adsorption capacity.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Article in Press CODEN: CMEJA :doi 10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.064 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpuremail: mk_aroua@um.edu.my
W T Mook, M K Aroua, M H Chakrabarti, C T J Low, P V Aravind, N P Brandon (2013)  The application of nano-crystalline PbO2 as an anode for the simultaneous bio-electrochemical denitrification and organic matter removal in an up-flow undivided reactor   Electrochimica Acta 94: 327-335  
Abstract: A nano-crystalline PbO2 coated carbon composite has been applied as an anode for an up-flow undivided bio-electrochemical reactor (UBER). This electrode provides an enhanced destruction of organic matter in synthetic wastewater in comparison to other anodic materials such as stainless steel, graphite and carbon felts or titanium. The cathode is a granular activated carbon coated with a film of autohydrogenotrophic bacteria. Denitrification occurs simultaneously at the cathode while organic matter is oxidized at the anode. Optimum conditions for the simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrate from response surface methodology (RSM) studies are an inter-electrode spacing of 3.2 cm, electric current of 18 mA and HRT of 45 h that gave organic matter removal efficiencies of 83% along with 99% removal of nitrate. Further studies on the mechanisms of denitrification and organic matter removal are envisaged.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: ELCAA :doi 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.02.001 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Chakrabarti, M.H.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mohammedharun@um.edu.my References: Saleem, M., Essa, M.H., Suitability for Sustainable Reuse of Secondary Effluent: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia (2010) NED University Journal of Research, 7, p. 23; (2007) Toxicity and Exposure Assessment for Children’s Health, , http://www.epa.gov/teach/chem_summ/Nitrates_summary.pdf, Nitrates and Nitrites, TEACH Chemical Summary, U.S. EPA accessed December 2012; Saleem, M., Chakrabarti, M.H., Diya’Uddeen, B.H., Electrochemical removal of nitrite in simulated aquaculture wastewater (2011) African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, p. 16566; Gavrilescu, M., Fate of pesticides in the environment and its bioremediation (2005) Engineering in Life Sciences, 5, p. 497; Trasatti, S., Adsorption of organic substances at electrodes: Recent advances (1992) Electrochimica Acta, 37, p. 2137; 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Kumar, M., Tripathi, B.P., Shahi, V.K., Electro-membrane reactor for separation and in situ ion substitution of glutamic acid from its sodium salt (2009) Electrochimica Acta, 54, p. 4880; Wan, D., Liu, H., Qu, J., Lei, P., Xiao, S., Hou, Y., Using the combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification system for groundwater denitrification (2009) Bioresource Technology, 100, p. 142; Hemmes, K., Luimes, P., Giesen, A., Hammenga, A., Aravind, P.V., Spanjers, H., Ammonium and phosphate recovery from wastewater to produce energy in a fuel cell (2011) Water Practice and Technology, 6. , 10.2166/wpt.2011.0071; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., Effect of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate as inorganic carbon sources on growth and adaptation of autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria (2009) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, p. 1507; Zhou, M., Wang, W., Chi, M., Enhancement on the simultaneous removal of nitrate and organic pollutants from groundwater by a three-dimensional bio-electrochemical reactor (2009) Bioresource Technology, 100, p. 4662; 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S Sulaiman, A R Abdul Aziz, M K Aroua (2013)  Reactive extraction of solid coconut waste to produce biodiesel   Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44: 2. 233-238  
Abstract: Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel produced using transesterification method where edible or non edible oil and alcohol reacts in the presence of catalyst. Biodiesel is expensive than fossil fuels because of higher raw material and production costs. Solid coconut waste is an alternative raw material from waste and suitable for biodiesel production to lower the production cost. Solid coconut waste is produced after coconut milk extraction and may still contain 17-24. wt% extractable oil content. This study introduces reactive extraction of solid coconut waste for biodiesel production. Effects of catalyst amount, KOH (0.8-2.0%), temperature (55-65. °C) and mixing intensity (500-900. rpm) were studied to optimize the reactive extraction. Based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimum condition was found to be 2.0. wt% of KOH catalyst, 700. rpm of mixing intensity and reaction temperature, 62. °C where resulted in 88.5% of biodiesel yield.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.10.008 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdul Aziz, A.R.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: azizraman@um.edu.my References: Fazal, M.A., Haseeb, A.S.M.A., Masjuki, H.H., Biodiesel feasibility study: an evaluation of material compatibility; performance; emission and engine durability (2011) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, pp. 1314-1324; Zeng, J., Wang, X., Zhao, B., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Rapid in situ transesterification of sunflower oil (2008) Ind Eng Chem Res, 48, pp. 850-856; Su, E., You, P., Wei, D., In situ lipase-catalyzed reactive extraction of oilseeds with short-chained dialkyl carbonates for biodiesel production (2009) Bioresour Technol, 100, pp. 5813-5817; Lei, H., Ding, X., Zhang, H., Chen, X., Li, Y., Zhang, H., In situ production of fatty acid methyl ester from low quality rice bran: an economical route for biodiesel production (2010) Fuel, 89, pp. 1475-1479; (2010) Coconut waste as a source for biodiesel production. Chemical, biological and environmental engineering (ICBEE), 2010 2nd international conference on 2010, 2-4 November, , S. Sulaiman, A.A. Abdul Raman, M. Kheireddine Aroua (Eds.); Sulaiman, S., Abdul Aziz, A.R., Kheireddine Aroua, M., Optimization and modeling of extraction of solid coconut waste oil (2013) J Food Eng, 114, pp. 228-234; Vetayasuporn, S., The feasibility of using coconut residue as a substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation (2007) Biotechnology, 6, p. 5; Asian and Pacific coconut community, , http://www.apccsec.org/MALAYSIA.HTM, Available from:, [cited 2011, 06.11.11], MARDI; Poarch, D., (2007) Coconut flesh or sapal uses as fuel and flour; Ng, S.P., Tan, C.P., Lai, O.M., Long, K., Mirhosseini, H., Extraction and characterization of dietary fiber from coconut residue (2010) J Food Agric Environ, 8, pp. 172-177; (2012) How to make cookies and macaroons from coconut residue (sapal), , http://www.mixph.com/2010/12/how-to-make-cookies-and-macaroons-from-coconut-residue-sapal.html, Available from:, EPA; Guarte, R.C., MÃŒhlbauer, W., Kellert, M., Drying characteristics of copra and quality of copra and coconut oil (1996) Postharvest Biol Technol, 9, pp. 361-372; Shuit, S.H., Lee, K.T., Kamaruddin, A.H., Yusup, S., Reactive extraction and in situ esterification of Jatropha curcas L. seeds for the production of biodiesel (2010) Fuel, 89, pp. 527-530; Dimian, A., Srokol, Z., Mittelmeijer-Hazeleger, M., Rothenberg, G., Interrelation of chemistry and process design in biodiesel manufacturing by heterogeneous catalysis (2010) Top Catal, 53, pp. 1197-1201; Kiss, A.A., Dimian, A.C., Rothenberg, G., Biodiesel by catalytic reactive distillation powered by metal oxides (2007) Energy Fuels, 22, pp. 598-604. , [2008/01/01]; Kojima, S., Du, D., Sato, M., Park, E.Y., Efficient production of fatty acid methyl ester from waste activated bleaching earth using diesel oil as organic solvent (2004) J Biosci Bioeng, 98, pp. 420-424; Georgogianni, K.G., Kontominas, M.G., Pomonis, P.J., Avlonitis, D., Gergis, V., Conventional and in situ transesterification of sunflower seed oil for the production of biodiesel (2008) Fuel Process Technol, 89, pp. 503-509; Encinar, J.M., Gonzalez, J.F., Sabio, E., Ramiro, M.J., Preparation and properties of biodiesel from Cynara cardunculus L. oil (1999) Ind Eng Chem Res, 38, pp. 2927-2931; Meher, L.C., Dharmagadda, V.S.S., Naik, S.N., Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata oil for production of biodiesel (2006) Bioresour Technol, 97, pp. 1392-1397; Zabeti, M., Daud, W.M.A.W., Aroua, M.K., Biodiesel production using alumina-supported calcium oxide: an optimization study (2010) Fuel Process Technol, 91, pp. 243-248; Pua, F.-L., Fang, Z., Zakaria, S., Guo, F., Chia, C.-H., Direct production of biodiesel from high-acid value Jatropha oil with solid acid catalyst derived from lignin (2011) Biotechnol Biofuels, 4, p. 56; Nakpong, P., Wootthikanokkhan, S., High free fatty acid coconut oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production in Thailand (2010) Renew Energy, 35, pp. 1682-1687
S Sulaiman, A R A Aziz, M K Aroua (2013)  Optimization and modeling of extraction of solid coconut waste oil   Journal of Food Engineering 114: 2. 228-234  
Abstract: Solid coconut waste was produced after coconut milk extraction process and may still contain up to 24 wt.% oil content. In this work, extraction of oil from coconut waste using batch and soxhlet extractor was studied. Effect of particle size diameter, type of solvent and solvent to solid ratio on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters; entropy, enthalpy and free energy of extraction were investigated. The maximum oil yields for soxhlet and batch reactor were 23.6% at 80 degrees C and 21.9% at 65 degrees C, respectively for particle size diameter <0.5 mm when hexane was used as solvent. The kinetic of coconut waste oil extraction was found to be a first order mass transfer model. The Delta G, Delta S and Delta H values were 10.94-13.35 kJ/mol, 33.10-39.57 J/mol K and 0.12-1.25 kJ/mol, respectively shows that the extraction process was spontaneous, irreversible and endothermic based on thermodynamic parameters.
Notes: Times Cited: 1 Sulaiman, Sarina Aziz, A. R. Abdul Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine
W T Mook, M K T Aroua, M H Chakrabarti, I M Noor, M F Irfan, C T J Low (2013)  A review on the effect of bio-electrodes on denitrification and organic matter removal processes in bio-electrochemical systems   Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 19: 1. 1-13  
Abstract: The main factor that determines the success of a bio-electrochemical system (BES) is the bio-electrode. This paper reviews the direct as well as mediated electron transfer mechanisms in bio-electrodes. Some discussions on their influence upon the performance of microbial fuel and electrolysis cells are considered. Factors affecting organic matter removal at bioanodes and denitrification at biocathodes are elaborated upon. Important parameters for the successful simultaneous removal of contaminants are reported. The major conclusion from this work is that BES is able to remove organic matter and nitrates simultaneously from different wastewater samples at efficiencies greater than 90%.
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2012
I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A R Abdul Aziz, N M N Sulaiman (2012)  Production of biodiesel using high free fatty acid feedstocks   Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 16: 5. 3275-3285  
Abstract: The enormous challenges faced in the search for suitable and profitable feedstocks to produce biodiesel cannot be over-emphasis. This paper has provided an overview of different catalysts used in processing different kinds of feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. Although the process of biodiesel production from refined feedstocks is less cumbersome and could provide biodiesel yield of more than 98%, but its product cost is high. Thus, the recent biodiesel production from low-quality feedstocks, though presents challenges but has equally provided biodiesel yield comparable to that obtained from refined feedstocks. Furthermore the physicochemical properties of biodiesel derived from low-quality feedstocks are discussed. Additionally economic evaluation of biodiesel from low-quality feedstocks is examined. The result showed that if less expensive feedstocks are used to produce biodiesel, a 25% reduction in cost production is possible. Thus making biodiesel price reasonably closed to the price of petro-diesel.
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I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A R Abdul Aziz, N M N Sulaiman (2012)  The effects of water on biodiesel production and refining technologies : A review   Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 16: 5. 3456-3470  
Abstract: Presence of water during biodiesel production and purification processes, storage and use in compression ignition (diesel) engines causes problems that cannot be ignored. These problems include: difficulties in biodiesel processing especially during alkali-catalyzed transesterification process, deterioration of biodiesel quality, decrease in heat of combustion, corrosion of fuel system components, and acceleration of hydrolytic reaction. Beside use of water during biodiesel purification results in wastewater discharges which causes environmental effects, due to high contents of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and higher pH values. Thus, this study critically analyzed and examined the effects of water on biodiesel production and the refining of crude biodiesel. Furthermore the effects of water on the quality of biodiesel were also examined.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):2 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: RSERF :doi 10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.004 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Sahoo, P.K., Das, L.M., Babu, M.K.G., Naik, S.N., Biodiesel development from high acid value polanga seed oil and performance evaluation in a CI engine (2007) Fuel, 86, pp. 448-454; Basha, S.A., Raja Gopal, K., Jebaraj, S., A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance (2009) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 13, pp. 1628-1634; Refaat, A.A., Different techniques for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil (2010) Int J Environ Sci Technol, 7 (1), pp. 183-213; Demirbas, A., Biofuels securing the planet’s future energy needs (2009) Energy Convers Manage, 50, pp. 2239-2249; Yang, C.-Y., Li, Z.F.B., Long, Y.-F., Review and prospects of Jatropha biodiesel industry in China (2012) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, pp. 2178-2190; 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These problems include: difficulties in biodiesel processing especially during alkali-catalyzed transesterification process, deterioration of biodiesel quality, decrease in heat of combustion, corrosion of fuel system components, and acceleration of hydrolytic reaction. Beside use of water during biodiesel purification results in wastewater discharges which causes environmental effects, due to high contents of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and higher pH values. Thus, this study critically analyzed and examined the effects of water on biodiesel production and the refining of crude biodiesel. Furthermore the effects of water on the quality of biodiesel were also examined. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., keywords = Biodiesel production Feedstocks Homogeneous catalyst and heterogeneous catalyst Water effects Biological oxygen demand Compression ignition Heat of combustion Heterogeneous catalyst High-content Hydrolytic reactions pH value Presence of water Purification process System components Wastewater discharge Biochemical oxygen demand Biodiesel Catalysts Diesel engines pH effects Purification Refining Thermochemistry Fuel storage, year = 2012
A Ahmady, M A Hashim, M K Aroua (2012)  Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide absorption into aqueous MDEA+[bmim][BF 4] solutions from 303 to 333K   Chemical Engineering Journal 200-202: 317-328  
Abstract: The kinetics of CO 2 absorption in aqueous solutions of MDEA+[bmim][BF 4] were investigated using a stirred cell reactor where the relevant parameters were evaluated. The rate equation of the absorption reaction was found to be close to first order with respect to CO 2 at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333K and [bmim][BF 4] concentration from 0 to 2.0molL -1. The activation energy decreased from 43.32kJmol -1 to 8.65kJmol -1 with increasing [bmim][BF 4] concentration from 0 to 2.0molL -1 in aqueous 4molL -1 MDEA solution. Calculated results of the enhancement factor and Hatta number showed that the performance of CO 2 absorption in the aqueous 4molL -1 MDEA+[bmim][BF 4] solution almost obeyed the pseudo first order regime.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CMEJA :doi 10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.037 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Galán Sánchez, L.M., Meindersma, G.W., de Haan, A.B., Kinetics of absorption of CO 2 in amino-functionalized ionic liquids (2011) Chem. Eng. J., 166, pp. 1104-1115; Hagewiesche, D.P., Ashour, S.S., Al-ghawas, H.A., Sandall, O.C., Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous blends of monoethanolamine and N-methyldiethanolamine (1995) Chem. Eng. Sci., 50, pp. 1071-1079; Rinker, E.B., Ashour, S.S., Sandall, O.C., Kinetics and modelling of carbon dioxide absorption into aqueous solutions of n-methyldiethanolamine (1995) Chem. Eng. 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N Aziz, R Yusoff, M K Aroua (2012)  Absorption of CO 2 in aqueous mixtures of N-methyldiethanolamine and guanidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ionic liquid at high-pressure   Fluid Phase Equilibria 322-323: 120-125  
Abstract: In this paper, the solubility of CO 2 in aqueous blends of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and guanidium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [gua] +[FAP] - ionic liquid was measured at 313.15, 333.15 and 353.15K and at partial pressures up to 3MPa. Reported data were loading capacity (mol CO 2/total mol) as a function of CO 2 partial pressure at equivalent temperature. A simple correlation was used to predict the solubility of CO 2 in the mixtures. The predicted data showed good agreement with the experimental data. In this study, it has been found that adding [gua] +[FAP] - into the aqueous MDEA has lowered the absorption capacity and this effect was significant at higher concentrations.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):1 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPEQD :doi 10.1016/j.fluid.2012.03.007 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yusoff, R.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ryusoff@um.edu.my References: Kohl, A.L., Nielsen, R.B., (1997), Gas Purification 5th Edition, Gulf Publishing CompanyDupart, M.S., Bacon, T.R., Edwards, D.J., (1993) Hydrocarbon Processing, pp. 75-80; Dupart, M.S., Bacon, T.R., Edwards, D.J., (1993) Hydrocarbon Processing, pp. 89-94; Stewart, E.J., Lanning, R.A., (1994) Hydrocarbon Processing; Blanchard, L.A., Hancu, D., Beckman, E.J., Brennecke, J.F., (1999) Nature, 398, pp. 28-29; Deetlefs, M., Seddon, K.R., (2006) Chim. Oggi, 24, pp. 16-23; Welton, T., Wasserscheid, P., Ionic Liquids in Synthesis (2008), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaAZhang, S., Yuan, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., (2005) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 50, pp. 1582-1585; Yuan, X., Zhang, S., Chen, Y., Lu, X., Dai, W., Mori, R., (2006) J. Chem. Eng. Data., 51, pp. 645-647; Shiflett, M.B., Yokozeki, A., (2009) Energy Fuels, 24, pp. 1001-1008; Shariati, A., Peters, C.J., (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 25, pp. 109-117; Shariati, A., Peters, C.J., (2004) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 30, pp. 139-144; Shariati, A., Peters, C.J., (2004) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 29, pp. 43-48; Shariati, A., Peters, C.J., (2005) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 34, pp. 171-176; Gutkowski, K.I., Shariati, A., Peters, C.J., (2006) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 39, pp. 187-191; Anthony, J.L., Anderson, J.L., Maginn, E.J., Brennecke, J.F., (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, pp. 6366-6374; Kim, Y.S., Choi, W.Y., Jang, J.H., Yoo, K.P., Lee, C.S., (2005) Fluid Phase Equilib., pp. 439-445; Muldoon, M.J., Aki, S.N.V.K., Anderson, J.L., Dixon, J.K., Brennecke, J.F., (2007) J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, pp. 9001-9009; Aki, S.N.V.K., Mellein, B.R., Saurer, E.M., Brennecke, J.F., (2004) J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, pp. 20355-20365; Bates, E.D., Mayton, R.D., Ntai, I., Davis, J.H., (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, pp. 926-927; Galán Sánchez, L.M., Meindersma, G.W., de Haan, A.B., (2007) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 85, pp. 31-39; Bara, J.E., Camper, D.E., Gin, D.L., Noble, R.D., (2009) Acc. Chem. Res., 43, pp. 152-159; Bara, J.E., Carlisle, T.K., Gabriel, C.J., Camper, D., Finotello, A., Gin, D.L., Noble, R.D., (2009) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48, pp. 2739-2751; Feng, Z., Cheng-Gang, F., You-Ting, W., Yuan-Tao, W., Ai-Min, L., Zhi-Bing, Z., (2010) Chem. Eng. J., 160, pp. 691-697; Zhao, Y., Zhang, X., Zeng, S., Zhou, Q., Dong, H., Tian, X., Zhang, S., (2010) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, pp. 3513-3519; Aparicio, S., Atilhan, M., (2010) Energy Fuels, 24, pp. 4989-5001; Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Wang, W., (2008) AIChE J., 54, pp. 2717-2728; Sairi, N.A., Yusoff, R., Alias, Y., Aroua, M.K., (2011) Fluid Phase Equilib., 300, pp. 89-94; Jou, F.Y., Mather, A.E., Otto, F.D., (1982) Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 21, pp. 539-544; Jou, F.Y., Mather, A.E., (2005) Fluid Phase Equilib., 228-229, pp. 465-469; Ahmady, A., Hashim, M.A., Aroua, M.K., (2011) Fluid Phase Equilib., 309, pp. 76-82; Ahmady, A., Hashim, M.A., Aroua, M.K., (2010) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, pp. 5733-5738; Rho, S.-W., Yoo, K.-P., Lee, J.S., Nam, S.C., Son, J.E., Min, B.-M., (1997) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 42, pp. 1161-1164; Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z., Aroua, M.K., Benamor, A., (1998) Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 76, pp. 961-968; Kuranov, G., Rumpf, B., Smirnova, N.A., Maurer, G., (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, pp. 1959-1966
I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A R Abdul Aziz, N M N Sulaiman (2012)  High quality biodiesel obtained through membrane technology   Journal of Membrane Science 421-422: 154-164  
Abstract: In this study, a ceramic membrane with a pore size of 0.02Όm was used to purify crude biodiesel to achieve biodiesel product that meet both ASTM D6751 and EN 14241 standards specifications. The membrane system was successfully developed and used for the purification process. Process operating parameters such as transmembrane pressure, flow rate and temperature were investigated. Application of central composite design (CCD) coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was found to provide clear understanding of the interaction between various process parameters. Thus, the process operating parameters were then optimized. The optimum conditions obtained were transmembrane pressure, 2bar, temperature, 40°C and flow rate, 150L/min with corresponding permeate flux of 9.08 (kg/m 2h). At these optimum conditions, the values of free glycerol (0.007wt%) and potassium (0.297mg/L) were all below ASTM standard specifications for biodiesel fuel. In addition the physical properties of biodiesel at the optimum conditions met both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. This work showed that with ceramic membrane of pore size 0.02Όm, biodiesel with high qualities that meet the stringent standards specifications more than those currently in application can be achieved.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JMESD :doi 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.07.006 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASglycerol, 56-81-5; potassium, 7440-09-7 References: Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Liu, J., Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98, pp. 639-647; Wang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Ou, S., Tan, Y., Tang, S., Refining of biodiesel by ceramic membrane separation (2009) Fuel Process. Technol., 90, pp. 422-427; Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., Abdul Aziz, A.A., High quality biodiesel and its diesel engine application: a review (2010) Renew. Sustainable Energy Rev., 14, pp. 1999-2008; Gomes, M.C.S., Pereira, N.C., Barros, S.T.D., Separation of biodiesel and glycerol using ceramic membranes (2010) J. Membr. 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W T Mook, M H Chakrabarti, M K Aroua, G M A Khan, B S Ali, M S Islam, M A Abu Hassan (2012)  Removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate and total organic carbon (TOC) from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology : A review   Desalination 285: 1-13  
Abstract: Protein rich wastes from aquaculture systems result in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total organic carbon (TOC) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A number of conventional approaches have been adopted for the removal of these wastes in aquaculture ponds and hatcheries with varying degrees of success but they face critical problems such as membrane fouling, high cost or the generation of toxic by-products. To overcome such issues, electrochemical technology is commonly employed. The advantages of electrochemical treatment include high efficiency, ambient operating conditions, small equipment sizes, minimal sludge generation and rapid start-up. An even better system involves bio-electrochemical reactors (BERs), which have the potential to generate energy from wastewater (by means of microbial fuel cells) or a valuable product such as hydrogen (using microbial electrolysis cells). Mechanisms of cathodic nitrate reduction and anodic oxidation in electrochemical and bio-electrochemical technology are reported in this review. Also some work on the simultaneous removal of nitrate and organic matter by Electro-Fenton and microbial fuel cells are elaborated upon. It is apparent that BERs can remove contaminants at high efficiencies (≈ 99%) whilst giving least impact upon the environment.
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Mousavi, S Ibrahim, S Aroua, S M K Ghafari (2012)  Carbon steel corrosion behaviors in carbonated aqueous mixtures of monoethanolamine and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate   International Journal of Electrochemical Science 7: 5. 3835-3853  
Abstract: Recently, aqueous mixtures of alkanolamines and ionic liquids had emerged as potential solvents for CO 2 capture. Solubility data of CO 2 in aqueous mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA) and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim] [BF 4]) are already available in the literature. However, data on the corrosiveness of these new solvents with regards to carbon steel are still scarce. In this work, carbon steel corrosion behavior in carbonated aqueous mixtures of MEA and [bmim] [BF 4] was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss methods at fixed CO 2 loading of 0.55 mol/ mol. The corrosion rates were measured for [bmim] [BF 4] concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 M and at temperatures of 40 and 80 °C. Carbon steel corrosion rates obtained from the two methods are in agreement; and showed that the presence of [bmim] [BF 4] in the carbonated solution has reduced the solution corrosivity to carbon steel for carbonated 4.0 M MEA/[bmim] [BF 4] system, but increased that of carbonated 2.0 M MEA/[bmim][BF 4] system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that immersed specimens were severely corroded in carbonated 2.0 M MEA/[bmim] [BF 4] system. While for carbonated 4.0 M MEA/[bmim] [BF 4] system, a protective surface layer was formed as [bmim] [BF 4] concentration and temperature increased, respectively. © 2012 by ESG.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):1 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Si Ali, B.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: brahim@um.edu.my References: Allan, N.S., Bonifacio, T.D., Meng-Hui, L., (2009) J. Chem. Therm, 41, pp. 525-529; Chinn, D., De Vu, Q., Michael, S.D., Boudreau, L.C., (2009) US Patent May, 5. , 7,527,775, B2; Camper, D., Bara, J.E., Gin Douglas, L., Noble, R.D., (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 47, pp. 8496-8498; Sairi, N.A., Yusoff, R., Alias, Y., Aroua, M.K., (2011) Fluid Phase Equilib, 300, pp. 89-94; Ahmady, A., Hashim, M.A., Aroua, M.K., (2010) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, pp. 5733-5738; Veldman, R.R., (2000) Corrosion, 2000. , (Houston, TX, U. S.) Paper No. 00496; Parkins, R.N., Foroulis, Z.A., (1987) Corrosion, , (Houston, TX, U. S.) Paper No. 188 87; Ries, L.A.S., do Amaral, F.A., Matos, K., Martini, E.M.A., de Souza, M.O., de Souza, R.F., (2008) Polyhedron, 27, pp. 3287-3293; Cammarata, L., Kazarian, S.G., Salter, P.A., Welton, T., (2001) Phys. Chem, 3, pp. 5192-5200; Widegren, J.A., Laesecke, A., Magee, J.W., (2005) Chem. Commun, 12, pp. 1610-1612; Kanakubo, M., Umecky, T., Aizawa, T., Kurata, Y., (2005) Chem. Lett, 34, pp. 324-325; Kazarian, S.G., Briscoe, R.J., Welton, T., (2000) Chem. Commun, pp. 2047-2048; Blanchard, L.A., Hancu, D., Beckman, E.J., Brennecke, J.F., (1999) Nature, 399, pp. 28-29; Blanchard, L.A., Gu, Z., Brennecke, J.F., (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, pp. 2437-2444; Li, W., Zhang, Z., Han, B., Suqin, H., Xie, Y., Yang, G., (2007) J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, pp. 6452-6456; Bowers, J., Butts, C.P., Martin, P.J., Vergara-Gutierrez, M.C., (2004) Langmuir, 20, pp. 2191-2198; Uerdingen, M., Treber, C., Balser, M., Schmitt, G., Werner, C., (2005) Green Chem, 7, pp. 321-325; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., (2005) Fluid Phase Equil, 231, pp. 150-162; (1999), ASTM Standard G5-94, Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (Re-approved 1999)(1990), 3 (2). , ASTM G 31-72 Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals (re-approved 1995)(1999), ASTM Standard Designation G1-90, Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (Reapproved 1999)Ali, B.H., Si Ali, B., Yusoff, R., Aroua, M.K., (2011) Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, pp. 181-198; McCafferty, E., (2005) Corrosion Sci, 47, pp. 3202-3215; Khaled, K.F., Mohammed, A.A., (2009) Corrosion Sci, 51, pp. 1964-1975
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A R Abdul Aziz, N M N Sulaiman (2012)  TiO 2/Al 2O 3 membrane reactor equipped with a methanol recovery unit to produce palm oil biodiesel   International Journal of Energy Research 36: 1. 120-129  
Abstract: In this study, the central composite design of the response surface methodology was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and cross flow circulation velocity on the production of biodiesel in a TiO 2/Al 2O 3 membrane reactor. High-quality palm oil biodiesel was produced by combination of alkali transesterification and separation processes in the ceramic membrane reactor. The optimum conditions for the conversion of palm oil to biodiesel in the ceramic membrane reactor were as follows: 70°C reaction temperature, 1.12wt% catalyst concentration and 0.211cms - 1 cross flow circulation velocity. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and compared with the standard specifications.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):2 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: IJERD :doi 10.1002/er.1784 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk-aroua@um.edu.my References: Meher, L.C., Vidya Sagar, D., Naik, S.N., Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification-a review (2006) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, pp. 248-268; Gravalos, I., Gialamas, T., Koutsofitis, Z., Kateris, D., Xyradakis, P., Tsiropoulos, Z., Lianos, G., Comparison of performance characteristics of agricultural tractor diesel engine operating on home and industrially produced biodiesel (2009) International Journal of Energy Research, 33, pp. 1048-1058; Barnwal, B.K., Sharma, M.P., Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in (2005) India, 9, pp. 363-378. , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; (2008), pp. 15-68. , Oil World-Statistics Update. ISTA Mielke GmbH, Hamburg(2007), Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics, Malaysian Palm Oil Board MPOBUcar, S., Karagöz, S., Ozkan, A.R., Lewis acid catalyzed diesel-like fuel production from raw corn oil (2008) International Journal of Energy Research, 33, pp. 327-332; Noureddini, H., Zhu, D., Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil (1997) Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 74, pp. 1457-1463; Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., High-purity fatty acid methyl ester production from canola, soybean, palm, and yellow grease lipids by means of a membrane reactor (2008) Biomass and Bioenergy, 32, pp. 1028-1036; Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Liu, J., Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 639-647; Anderson, M.J., Trimming the FAT out of experimental methods (2005) Optical Engineering Magazine, pp. 25-29; Anderson, M.J., Whitecomb, P.J., (2007) DOE Simplified-Practical Tools for Effective Experimentation, , Productivity Press: New York, NY; (2003), ASTM D6584-07. Test method for determination of free and total glycerine in B-100 biodiesel methyl esters by gas chromatography, ASTM International, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, U.S.A(2003), EN14105. Fat and oil derivatives-fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)-determination of free and total glycerol and mono-, di- and triglyceride content, European Committee for Standardization: Management Centre, rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 BrusselsMcCurry, J.D., Wang, C.X., (2007), Analysis of glycerin and glycerides in biodiesel (B100) using ASTM D6584 and EN14105. Agilent Application Note Publication 5898-7269ENVicente, G., Martínez, M., Aracil, J., Optimization of integrated biodiesel production, part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yields (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 1724-1733; Zabeti, M., Wan Daud, W.M.A., Aroua, M.K., Biodiesel production using alumina-supported calcium oxide: an optimization study (2010) Fuel Processing Technology, 91, pp. 243-248; Alamu, O.J., Waheed, M.A., Jekayinfa, S.O., Biodiesel production from Nigerian palm kernel oil: effect of KOH concentration on yield (2007) Energy for Sustainable Development, 11, pp. 77-82; (2006), 1-5. , ASTM D445-06. Standard test method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids (and calculation of dynamic viscosity). ASTM International(1996), 2-5. , ASTM D4052-96. Standard test method for density and relative density of liquids by digital density meter. ASTM International(2007), 1-5. , ASTM D93-07. Standard test methods for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. ASTM International(1995), 1-5. , ASTM D2500-91. Standard test method for cloud point of petroleum products. ASTM International(1995), 1-5. , ASTM D97-93. Standard test method for pour point of petroleum products. ASTM International(2006), 1-5. , ASTM D664-06ae1. Standard test method for acid number of petroleum products by potentiometric titration. ASTM International(2002), 1-5. , ASTM D5768-02. Standard test method for determination of iodine value of tall oil fatty acids. ASTM InternationalSarojam, P., (2009), Quality control of biofuels using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) for metals determination. PerkinElmer Application Note 008435B-01Vincente, G., Coteron, A., Martinez, M., Aracil, J., Application of the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology to optimize biodiesel production (1998) Industrial Crops and Products, 8, pp. 29-35; Vaughn, N.A., (2007), Design-Expert Software, Version 7.1, Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, U.S.AUR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855211452&partnerID=40&md5=0917cfe71ff692cea1d1333715c77374
S Mousavi, S Ibrahim, M K Aroua, S Ghafari (2012)  Development of nitrate elimination by autohydrogenotrophic bacteria in bio-electrochemical reactors - A review   Biochemical Engineering Journal 67: 251-264  
Abstract: In recent years, the removal of nitrate as a global soil and water contaminant has been increasingly considered. Various methods have been applied to remove this inorganic pollutant from water and wastewater. Among them is an integrated " bio-electrochemical reactor" system, which is a novel method for water and wastewater denitrification. The novelty of this system is improved biological denitrification by immobilizing autohydrogenotrophic bacteria directly on the surface of a cathode, providing easy access to NO 3 - and H 2 as the electron acceptor and electron donor, respectively. The system effectiveness depends on the configuration of reactor, and the operational and environmental parameters. Identification and optimization of these parameters are important to enhance the efficiency of the system. In this review following the introduction and explanation of the process microbiology, the bio-electrochemical process is described focusing on new configurations, and the impact of important variables, namely, hydraulic retention time, electric current, pH, and carbon source.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):1 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BEJOF :doi 10.1016/j.bej.2012.04.016 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ibrahim, S.; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: shaliza@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; carbon, 7440-44-0; copper, 15158-11-9, 7440-50-8; graphite, 7782-42-5; nickel, 7440-02-0; nitrate, 14797-55-8; nitric oxide, 10102-43-9; nitrous oxide, 10024-97-2; platinum, 7440-06-4; stainless steel, 12597-68-1; titanium, 7440-32-6; water, 7732-18-5 References: Anup, G., Woo-Chang, K., Sang-Eun, O., Removal of nitrogen from anaerobically digested swine wastewater using an anoxic/oxic (A/O) process complemented with a sulfur-packed biofilter (2011) Afr. J. 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B Si Ali, B H Ali, R Yusoff, M K Aroua (2012)  Carbon steel corrosion behaviors in carbonated aqueous mixtures of monoethanolamine and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate   International Journal of Electrochemical Science 7: 5. 3835-3853  
Abstract: Recently, aqueous mixtures of alkanolamines and ionic liquids had emerged as potential solvents for CO 2 capture. Solubility data of CO 2 in aqueous mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA) and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim] [BF 4]) are already available in the literature. However, data on the corrosiveness of these new solvents with regards to carbon steel are still scarce. In this work, carbon steel corrosion behavior in carbonated aqueous mixtures of MEA and [bmim] [BF 4] was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss methods at fixed CO 2 loading of 0.55 mol/ mol. The corrosion rates were measured for [bmim] [BF 4] concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 M and at temperatures of 40 and 80 °C. Carbon steel corrosion rates obtained from the two methods are in agreement; and showed that the presence of [bmim] [BF 4] in the carbonated solution has reduced the solution corrosivity to carbon steel for carbonated 4.0 M MEA/[bmim] [BF 4] system, but increased that of carbonated 2.0 M MEA/[bmim][BF 4] system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that immersed specimens were severely corroded in carbonated 2.0 M MEA/[bmim] [BF 4] system. While for carbonated 4.0 M MEA/[bmim] [BF 4] system, a protective surface layer was formed as [bmim] [BF 4] concentration and temperature increased, respectively.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):1 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Si Ali, B.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: brahim@um.edu.my References: Allan, N.S., Bonifacio, T.D., Meng-Hui, L., (2009) J. Chem. Therm, 41, pp. 525-529; Chinn, D., De Vu, Q., Michael, S.D., Boudreau, L.C., (2009) US Patent May, 5. , 7,527,775, B2; Camper, D., Bara, J.E., Gin Douglas, L., Noble, R.D., (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 47, pp. 8496-8498; Sairi, N.A., Yusoff, R., Alias, Y., Aroua, M.K., (2011) Fluid Phase Equilib, 300, pp. 89-94; Ahmady, A., Hashim, M.A., Aroua, M.K., (2010) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, pp. 5733-5738; Veldman, R.R., (2000) Corrosion, 2000. , (Houston, TX, U. S.) Paper No. 00496; Parkins, R.N., Foroulis, Z.A., (1987) Corrosion, , (Houston, TX, U. S.) Paper No. 188 87; Ries, L.A.S., do Amaral, F.A., Matos, K., Martini, E.M.A., de Souza, M.O., de Souza, R.F., (2008) Polyhedron, 27, pp. 3287-3293; Cammarata, L., Kazarian, S.G., Salter, P.A., Welton, T., (2001) Phys. Chem, 3, pp. 5192-5200; Widegren, J.A., Laesecke, A., Magee, J.W., (2005) Chem. Commun, 12, pp. 1610-1612; Kanakubo, M., Umecky, T., Aizawa, T., Kurata, Y., (2005) Chem. Lett, 34, pp. 324-325; Kazarian, S.G., Briscoe, R.J., Welton, T., (2000) Chem. Commun, pp. 2047-2048; Blanchard, L.A., Hancu, D., Beckman, E.J., Brennecke, J.F., (1999) Nature, 399, pp. 28-29; Blanchard, L.A., Gu, Z., Brennecke, J.F., (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, pp. 2437-2444; Li, W., Zhang, Z., Han, B., Suqin, H., Xie, Y., Yang, G., (2007) J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, pp. 6452-6456; Bowers, J., Butts, C.P., Martin, P.J., Vergara-Gutierrez, M.C., (2004) Langmuir, 20, pp. 2191-2198; Uerdingen, M., Treber, C., Balser, M., Schmitt, G., Werner, C., (2005) Green Chem, 7, pp. 321-325; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., (2005) Fluid Phase Equil, 231, pp. 150-162; (1999), ASTM Standard G5-94, Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (Re-approved 1999)(1990), 3 (2). , ASTM G 31-72 Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals (re-approved 1995)(1999), ASTM Standard Designation G1-90, Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA (Reapproved 1999)Ali, B.H., Si Ali, B., Yusoff, R., Aroua, M.K., (2011) Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, pp. 181-198; McCafferty, E., (2005) Corrosion Sci, 47, pp. 3202-3215; Khaled, K.F., Mohammed, A.A., (2009) Corrosion Sci, 51, pp. 1964-1975
S H Khalil, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2012)  Study on the improvement of the capacity of amine-impregnated commercial activated carbon beds for Co-2 adsorbing   Chemical Engineering Journal 183: 15-20  
Abstract: Amine-based chemicals were impregnated onto activated carbon particles to improve its natural adsorption ability and selectivity to adsorb CO 2 from gas mixture stream. Characterization results achieved by measuring the surface area with ASAP 2020 showed that the amine-based chemicals blocked the mostly micropore pores of the activated carbon particles. The amine-based chemicals used in this study were, monoethanolamine (MEA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP). The impregnation process and the subsequent blockage reduced the surface area of the activated carbon particles significantly but on the other hand enhanced the adsorption capacity and selectivity of the activated carbon for CO 2 adsorption. Elemental analysis results using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the impregnation process managed to attach the reactive N 2 molecules onto the surface and inside the pores of the activated carbon particles. Images from field emission scanning electron microscope showed that due to impregnation process most of the pores of the activated carbon particles had been blocked by the MEA and AMP molecules. Sweeping exhausted non-impregnated activated carbon beds with 60ml/min pure nitrogen for 4h was enough for these beds to regain their original adsorption capacity but in contrast it was not enough to regenerate exhausted AMP, MEA-impregnated activated carbon beds to regain their original adsorption capability.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CMEJA :doi 10.1016/j.cej.2011.12.011 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Khalil, S.H.; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saadamen@yahoo.com References: Schobert, H.H., Song, C., (2002) Fuel, 81 (1), p. 15; Maroto-Valer, M.M., Song, C., Soong, Y., (2002) Environmental Challenges and Greenhouse Gas Control for Fossil Fuel Utilization in the 21st Century, , Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York; White, C.M., Strazisar, B.R., Granite, E.J., Hoffman, J.S., Pennline, H.W., Separation and capture of CO 2 from large stationary sources and sequestration in geological formations - coalbeds and deep saline aquifers (2003) J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 53, pp. 645-715; Aaron, D., Tsouris, C., Separation of CO 2 from flue gas: a review (2005) Sep. Sci. Technol., 40, pp. 321-348; Bai, H.L., Yeh, A.C., Removal of CO 2 greenhouse gas by ammonia scrubbing (1997) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, pp. 2490-2493; Yeh, A.C., Bai, H.L., Comparison of ammonia and monoethanolamine solvents to reduce CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions (1999) Sci. Total Environ., 228, pp. 121-133; Rao, A.B., Rubin, E.S., A technical, economic, and environmental assessment of amine-based CO 2 capture technology for power plant greenhouse gas control (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, pp. 4467-4475; Hsu, S.-C., Lu, C., Su, F., Zeng, W., Chen, W., Thermodynamics and regeneration studies of CO 2 adsorption on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2010) Chem. Eng. Sci., 65, pp. 1354-1361; Xu, X.C., Song, C.S., Andresen, J.M., Miller, B.G., Scaroni, A.W., (2002) Energy Fuels, 16, p. 1463; Siriwardane, R.V., Shen, M.S., Fisher, E.P., Poston, J.A., (2001) Energy Fuels, 15, p. 279; Gray, M.L., Soong, Y., Champagne, K.J., Baltrus, J., Stevens, R.W., Toochinda, P., Chuang, S.S.C., (2004) Sep. Purif. Technol., 35, p. 31; Bansal, R.C., Donnet, J., Stoeckl, F., (1998) Activated Carbon, , Marcel Dekker Inc; Przepiórski, J., Skrodzewicz, M., Morawski, A.W., (2004) Appl. Surf. Sci., 225 (1-4), p. 235; Maroto-valer, M.M., Tang, Z., Zhang, Y., CO 2 capture by activated and impregnated anthracites (2005) Fuel Process. Technol., 86 (14-15 OCTOBER), pp. 1487-1502; Xu, X., Song, C., Andrésen, J.M., Miller, B.G., Scaroni, A.W., Preparation and characterization of novel CO 2 molecular basket adsorbents based on polymer-modified mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 (2003) Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 62 (1-2), pp. 29-45; Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H., Teller, E., Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers (1938) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60 (2), pp. 309-319
2011
I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A A Aziz (2011)  Biodiesel separation and purification : A review   Renewable Energy 36: 2. 437-443  
Abstract: Biodiesel as a biodegradable, sustainable and clean energy has worldwide attracted renewed and growing interest in topical years, chiefly due to development in biodiesel fuel and ecological pressures which include climatic changes. In the production of biodiesel from biomass, separation and purification of biodiesel is a critical technology. Conventional technologies used for biodiesel separation such as gravitational settling, decantation, filtration and biodiesel purification such as water washing, acid washing, and washing with ether and absorbents have proven to be inefficient, time and energy consumptive, and less cost effective. The involvement of membrane reactor and separative membrane shows great promise for the separation and purification of biodiesel. Membrane technology needs to be explored and exploited to overcome the difficulties usually encountered in the separation and purification of biodiesel. In this paper both conventional and most recent membrane technologies used in refining biodiesel have been critically reviewed. The effects of catalysts, free fatty acids, water content and oil to methanol ratios on the purity and quality of biodiesel are also examined.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):44 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.1016/j.renene.2010.07.019 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Thiam, L.C., Subhash, B., Catalytic processes towards the production of biofuels in a palm oil and oil palm biomass-based bio-refinery (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99, pp. 7911-7922; Balat, M., Balat, H., Progress in biodiesel processing (2010) Applied Energy, 87 (6), pp. 1815-1835; Ferella, F., Mazziotti, G., De Michelis, I., Stanisci, V., Veglio, F., Optimization of the transesterification reaction in biodiesel production (2010) Fuel, 89, pp. 36-42; Hameed, B.H., Lai, L.F., Chin, L.H., Production of biodiesel from palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) using heterogeneous catalyst: an optimized process (2009) Fuel Processing Technology, 90, pp. 606-610; Tai-Shung, N.C., Development and purification of biodiesel (2007) Separation and Purification Technology, 20, pp. 377-381; Demirbas, A., Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels (2009) Energy Conversion and Management, 50, pp. 14-34; Van Gerpen, J., Shanks, B., Pruszko, R., Clements, D., Knothe, G., , pp. 66-9. , Biodiesel production technology. 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In: Proceedings of international conference on energy and environment, March 19-21, ISSN: 2070-3740Haq, N.B., Mohammad, A.S., Mohammad, Q., Ata, U.R., Biodiesel production from waste tallow (2008) Fuel, 87, pp. 2961-2966; Suprihastuti, S.R., Aswati, M., (2007), Optimization of biodiesel washing by water extraction. In: Proceedings of the world congress on engineering and computer science 2007. 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I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A R A Aziz, N M N Sulaiman (2011)  Refining technologies for the purification of crude biodiesel   Applied Energy 88: 12. 4239-4251  
Abstract: In biodiesel production, downstream purification is an important step in the overall process. This article is a critical review of the most recent research findings pertaining to biodiesel refining technologies. Both conventional refining technologies and the most recent biodiesel membrane refining technology are reviewed. The results obtained through membrane purification showed some promise in term of biodiesel yield and quality. Also, membranes presented low water consumption and less wastewater discharges. Therefore, exploration and exploitation of membrane technology to purify crude biodiesel is necessary. Furthermore, the success of membrane technology in the purification of crude biodiesel could serve as a boost to both researchers and industries in an effort to achieve high purity and quality biodiesel fuel capable of replacing non-renewable fossil fuel, for wide range of applications.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):16 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: APEND :doi 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.029 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my
S Al-Zuhair, K B Ramachandran, M Farid, M K Aroua, P Vadlani, S Ramakrishnan, L Gardossi (2011)  Enzymes in biofuels production   Enzyme Res 2011: 1. 1-2  
Abstract: With the inevitable depletion of the nonrenewable resources of fossil fuels and due to their favorable environmental features, biofuels promise to be the preferred fuels of tomorrow. They can displace petroleum fuels and, in many countries, reduce the dependence on imported fuel. Biofuels, derived from biomass conversion, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biogas, are sustainable and renewable sources of energy, which are also considered CO2 neutral. In addition, burning biofuels results in reduced levels of particulates, carbon oxides and sulfur oxides, emissions compared to fissile fuels.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 658263 :doi 10.4061/2011/658263 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Al-Zuhair, S.; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, UAEU, Al-Ain 17555, United Arab Emirates; email: s.alzuhair@uaeu.ac.ae : Chemicals/CAScellulose, 61991-22-8, 68073-05-2, 9004-34-6
A Ahmady, M A Hashim, M K Aroua (2011)  Absorption of carbon dioxide in the aqueous mixtures of methyldiethanolamine with three types of imidazolium-based ionic liquids   Fluid Phase Equilibria 309: 1. 76-82  
Abstract: The absorption of carbon dioxide in the 4mol/L aqueous solution of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) mixed with three types of ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF 4]), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([bmim][Ac]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide ([bmim][DCA]) were measured as a function of temperature, CO 2 partial pressure and concentration of ionic liquids in the solution. The data for aqueous MDEA+ILs solutions were obtained for temperature, CO 2 partial pressure and ionic liquids concentrations ranging from 303 to 333K, 100 to 700kPa and 0 to 2mol/L, respectively. The CO 2 loading in all the studied mixtures decreases with an increase in temperature and increases with an increase in the CO 2 partial pressure, at a given temperature. Also, it is found that the CO 2 loading decreases significantly as the ionic liquid concentration increases, but this reduction in solutions contained [bmim][BF 4] was less than other types of ionic liquids.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):11 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPEQD :doi 10.1016/j.fluid.2011.06.029 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmady, A.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: afshin@siswa.um.edu.my References: Jamal, A., Meisen, A., Lim, C.J., (2006) Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, pp. 6571-6589; Goldstein, A.M., Brown, E.C., Heinzelmann, F.J., Say, G.R., (1986) Energy Prog., 6, pp. 67-70; Samanta, A., Roy, S., Bandyopadhyay, S.S., (2007) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 52, pp. 1381-1385; Camper, D., Bara, J.E., Gin, D.L., Noble, R.D., (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, pp. 8496-8498; Cadena, C., Anthony, J.L., Shah, J.K., Marrow, T.I., Brennecke, J.F., Maggin, E.J., (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126 (16), pp. 5300-5308; Shiflett, M.B., Yokozeki, A., (2010) Fluid Phase Equilibr., 294, pp. 105-113; Bates, E.D., Mayton, R.D., Ntai, I., Davis, J.H., (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, pp. 926-927; Chinn, D., Vu, D.Q., Driver, M.S., Boudreau, L.C., US Patent 20060251558 (2006)Keskin, S., Kayrak-Talay, D., Akman, U., Hortacsu, O., (2007) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 43, pp. 150-180; Hussona, P., Pisona, L., Jacquemina, J., Gomes, M.F.C., (2010) Fluid Phase Equilibr., 294, pp. 98-104; Shiflett, M.B., Yokozeki, A., (2005) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, pp. 4453-4464; Gutowski, K.E., Maginn, E.J., (2008) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, pp. 14690-14704; Hanioka, S., Maruyama, T., Sotani, T., Teramoto, M., Matsuyama, H., Nakashima, K., Hanaki, M., Goto, M., (2008) J. Membr. Sci., 314, pp. 1-2; Ahmady, A., Hashim, M.A., Aroua, M.K., (2010) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, pp. 5533-5538; Maginn, E.J., Design and evaluation of ionic liquids as novel CO2 absorbents, Quarterly Technical Report to DOE. December 31, 2004; January 31, 2005; May 31, 2005; August 16, 2005; November 20, 2005; January 12, 2006Feng, Z., Cheng-Gang, F., You-Ting, W., Yuan-Tao, W., Ai-Min, L., Zhi-Bing, Z., (2010) Chem. Eng. J., 160, pp. 691-697; Camper, D., Becker, C., Koval, C., Noble, R.D., (2006) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45 (1), pp. 445-450; Benamor, A., Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution of diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and their mixtures, Master of Science thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998Husson-Borg, P., Majer, V., Gomes, M.F.C., (2003) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 48, pp. 480-485; Park, M.K., Sandall, O.C., (2001) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 46, pp. 166-168; Aki, S.N.V.K., Mellein, B.R., Saurer, E.M., Brennecke, J.F., (2004) J. Phys. Chem., 108, pp. 20355-20365; Austgen, D.M., Rochelle, G.T., Chen, C.C., (1991) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30, pp. 543-555; Jou, F.Y., Mather, A.E., Otto, F.D., (1982) Ind. Eng. Chem. Process. Des. Dev., 21, pp. 539-544; Donaldson, T.L., Nguyen, N.Y., (1980) Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 19, pp. 260-266; Ermatchkov, V., Kamps, A.P.-S., Maurer, G., (2006) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, pp. 6081-6091; Huttenhuis, P.J.G., Agrawal, N.J., Hogendoorn, J.A., Versteeg, G.F., (2007) J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 55, pp. 122-134; Huttenhuis, P.J.G., Agrawal, N.J., Solbraa, E., Versteeg, G.F., (2008) Fluid Phase Equilibr., 264, pp. 99-112; Chunxi, L., Furst, W., (2000) Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, pp. 2975-2988; Rho, S.-W., Yoo, K.-P., Lee, J.S., Nam, S.C., Son, J.E., Min, B.-M., (1997) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 42, pp. 1161-1164; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., (2005) Fluid Phase Equilibr., 231, pp. 150-162
N Aghamohammadi, N M Nik Sulaiman, M K Aroua (2011)  Combustion characteristics of biomass in SouthEast Asia   Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 9. 3884-3890  
Abstract: Gas emission during combustion of mixed tropical wood, bamboo, oil palm trunk, acacia, and rubber wood have been investigated by using TG-MS in presence of oxygen as well as FTIR. The weight decreasing profiles and the gas formation rates of oil palm trunk was significantly different among the samples although their elemental composition was almost the same from biomass samples. It was found that H2O is the main product formed for all samples. The evolving rates of the gaseous products during the combustion and infrared spectrums such as CO, H2O, CO2, CH4 and COOH+ were found. The DTG curves spectrums for biomass present four overlapping peaks.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):2 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BMSBE :doi 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.06.022 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Nik Sulaiman, N.M.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: meriam@um.edu.my References: Han, J., Kim, H., The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis: an overview (2008) Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev, 12, p. 397; Li Xt, G.J., Lim, C.J., Watkinson, A.P., Chen, H.P., Kim, J.R., Biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed (2004) Biomass Bioenerg, 26, pp. 171-193; Radzi bin Abas, M., Oros, D.R., Simoneit, B.R.T., Biomass burning as the main source of organic aerosol particulate matter in Malaysia during haze episodes (2004) Chemosphere, 55, pp. 1089-1095; Daniel Murdiyarso, L.L., Gintings, A.N., Tampubolon, S.M.H., Heil, A., Wasson, M., Policy responses to complex environmental problems: insights from a science-policy activity on transboundary haze from vegetation fires in Southeast Asia (2004) Agric Ecosystems Environ, 104, pp. 47-56; Radzi Bin Abas, M., Nasr Yousef, N.A.R., Omar, M.J., Jamil Maah, M., Abu Samah, A., Oros, D.R., Organic composition of aerosol particulate matter during a haze episode in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2004) Atmos Environ, 38, pp. 4223-4241; Garcia-Perez, M., Chaala, A., Pakdel, H., Kretschmer, D., Roy, C., Characterization of bio-oils in chemical families (2007) Biomass Bioenerg, 31, pp. 222-242; Otero, M., Diez, C., Calvo, L.F., García, A.I., Morán, A., Analysis of the co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal by TG-MS (2002) Biomass Bioenerg, 22, p. 319; Jang, B.N., Wilkie, C.A., A TGA/FTIR and mass spectral study on the thermal degradation of bisphenol a polycarbonate (2004) Polym Deg Salinity, 86, p. 419; Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, M.A., Nishino, J., Kubota, N., Motegi, M., Evaluation of char fuel ratio in municipal pyrolysis waste (2004) Fuel, 83, pp. 1675-1687; Zheng, G., Kozi, J.A., Thermal events occurring during the combustion of biomass residue (2000) Fuel, 79, p. 181; Gómez, C.J., Mészáros, E., Jakab, E., Velo, E., Puigjaner, L., Thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry study of woody residues and an herbaceous biomass crop using PCA techniques (2007) J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 80, p. 416; Jakab, E., Faix, O., Till, F., Thermal decomposition of milled wood lignins studied by thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (1997) J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 40, p. 171; Hmgin, H.G., The degradation of cellulose in air at 250 8C as shown by infrared spectroscopic examination (1958) J Polym Sci, 28, p. 645; Fred, S., Pyrolysis and combustion of cellulosic materials (1968) Adv Carbohydr Chem, 23, p. 419; Miura, K., Mae, K., Hasegawa, I., Chen, H., Kumano, A., Kazuhisa, T., Estimation of hydrogen bond distributions formed between coal and polar solvents using in situ IR technique: Special section: Primary and higher order structures of coal (2002) Energy Fuels, 16, p. 23; Sonobe, T., Worasuwannarak, N., Kinetic analyses of biomass pyrolysis using the distributed activation energy model (2007) Fuel, 87, pp. 414-421
I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A R A Aziz, N M N Sulaiman (2011)  Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology : A critical review   Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 9. 5051-5062  
Abstract: Membranes processes for the production and refining of biodiesel are being increasingly reported. Membrane technology has attracted the interest of researchers for its ability to provide high purity and quality biodiesel fuel besides its remarkable biodiesel yields. Membranes have numerous numbers of useful properties such as resistance to mechanical, chemical and thermal stress, high available surface area per unit volume, high selectivity, and ability to control the components contact between the two phases makes them potential. These properties have made them to be potential candidates for both upstream and downstream biodiesel production and refining applications. In this regards, this paper critically examined the production and refining of biodiesel fuel via membrane technology. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):4 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: RSERF :doi 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.051 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Lu, G.Q., Diniz da Costa, J.C., Duke, M., Giessler, S., Socolow, R., Williams, R.H., Kreutz, T., Inorganic membranes for hydrogen production and purification: A critical review and perspective (2007) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 314 (2), pp. 589-603. , DOI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.05.067, PII S0021979707007485; Wang, Y., Xingguo, W., Yuanfa, L., Shiyi, O., Yanlai, T., Shuze, T., Refining of biodiesel by ceramic membrane separation (2009) Fuel Process Technol, 90, pp. 422-427; Agarwal, A.K., Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines (2007) Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33 (3), pp. 233-271. , DOI 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.08.003, PII S0360128506000384; 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A Ahmady, M A Hashim, M K Aroua (2011)  Density, viscosity, physical solubility and diffusivity of CO 2 in aqueous MDEA+[bmim][BF 4] solutions from 303 to 333K   Chemical Engineering Journal 172: 2-3. 763-770  
Abstract: In this study, the physical solubility and diffusivity of N 2O in aqueous MDEA+[bmim][BF 4] solutions were measured over a range of temperatures of 303-333K and [bmim][BF 4] concentrations of 0-2.0molL -1 at atmospheric pressure. The total MDEA concentration in the solutions was kept constant at 4molL -1. The " N 2O analogy" was then used to estimate the physical solubility and diffusivity of CO 2 in aqueous MDEA+[bmim][BF 4] solutions. The density and viscosity of aqueous MDEA+[bmim][BF 4] solutions were also measured over the same range of temperatures and concentrations of the ionic liquid. These data were used to develop correlations for the prediction of CO 2 diffusivity in these systems.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):5 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CMEJA :doi 10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.059 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmady, A.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: afshin.ahmady@gmail.com References: Kierzkowska-Pawlak, H., Chacuk, A., Kinetics of CO2 desorption from aqueous n-methyldiethanolamine solutions (2011) Chem. Eng. J., 168, pp. 367-437; Kohl, A.L., Nielsen, R.B., (1997) Gas Purification, , Gulf Publishing Company, Houston; Feng, Z., Cheng-Gang, F., You-Ting, W., Yuan-Tao, W., Ai-Min, L., Zhi-Bing, Z., Absorption of CO2 in the aqueous solutions of functionalized ILs and MDEA (2010) Chem. Eng. J., 160, pp. 691-697; Samanta, A., Bandyopadhyay, S.S., Absorption of carbon dioxide into piperazine activated aqueous n-methyldiethanolamine (2010) Chem. Eng. J.; Bishnoi, S., Rochelle, G.T., Absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous piperazine/methyldiethanolamine (2002) AIChE J., 48, pp. 2788-2799; Hasib-ur-Rahman, M., Siaj, M., Larachi, F., Ionic liquids for CO2 capture-development and progress (2010) Chem. Eng. Process., 49, pp. 313-322; Blanchard, L.A., Hancu, D., Beckman, E.J., Green processing using ionic liquids and CO2 (1999) Nature, 399, pp. 28-29; Jacquemin, J., Gomes, M.F.C., Husson, P., Majer, V., Solubility of carbon dioxide, ethane, methane, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, and carbon monoxide in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate between temperatures 283K and 343K and at pressures close to atmospheric (2006) J. Chem. Thermodyn., 38, pp. 490-502; Galán Sánchez, L.M., Meindersma, G.W., de Haan, A.B., Kinetics of absorption of CO2 in amino-functionalized ionic liquids (2011) Chem. Eng. J., 166, pp. 1104-1115; Bates, E.D., Mayton, R.D., Ntai, I., Davis, J.H., CO2 capture by a task-specific ionic liquid (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, pp. 926-927; Camper, D., Bara, J.E., Gin, D.L., Noble, R.D., Room-temperature ionic liquid-amine solutions: tunable solvents for efficient and reversible capture of CO2 (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, pp. 8496-8498; Chinn, D., Vu, D.Q., Driver, M.S., Boudreau, L.C., (2006), CO2 removal from gas using ionic liquid absorbents, US Patent 20,060,251,558Ahmady, A., Hashim, M.A., Aroua, M.K., Experimental investigation on the solubility and initial rate of absorption of CO2 in aqueous mixtures of methyldiethanolamine with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (2010) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55 (12), pp. 5733-5738; Wang, Y.T., Fang, C.G., Zhang, F., The performances of CO2 absorption in mixed aqueous solution of MDEA and amino acid ionic liquids (2009) CIESC J., 60, pp. 2781-2786; Freire, M.G., Neves, C.M.S.S., Marrucho, I.M., Coutinho, J.A.P., Fernandes, A.M., Hydrolysis of tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate counter ions in imidazolium-based ionic liquids (2010) J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, pp. 3744-3749; (1999) Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, , John Wiley & Sons Inc. Kirk-Othmer; Kumar, P.S., Hogendoorn, J.A., Feron, P.H.M., Versteeg, G.F., Density, viscosity, solubility, and diffusivity of N2O in aqueous amino acid salt solutions (2001) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 46, pp. 1357-1361; Joosten, G.E.H., Danckwerts, P.V., Solubility and diffusivity of nitrous oxide in equimolar potassium carbonate-potassium bicarbonate solutions at 25°C and 1atm (1972) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 17, pp. 452-454; Laddha, S.S., Diaz, J.M., Danckwerts, P.V., The N2O analogy: the solubilities of CO2 and N2O in aqueous solutions of organic compounds (1981) Chem. Eng. Sci., 36, pp. 229-230; Samanta, A., Roy, S., Bandyopadhyay, S.S., Physical solubility and diffusivity of N2O and CO2 in aqueous solutions of piperazine and (n-methyldiethanolamine+piperazine) (2007) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 52, pp. 1381-1385; Camper, D., Becker, C., Koval, C., Noble, R., Diffusion and solubility measurements in room temperature ionic liquids (2006) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, pp. 445-450; Saha, A.K., Bandyopadhyay, S.S., Biswas, A.K., Solubility and diffusivity of N2O and CO2 in aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (1993) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 38, pp. 78-82;
H A M Haider, R Yusoff, M K Aroua (2011)  Equilibrium solubility of carbon dioxide in 2(methylamino)ethanol   Fluid Phase Equilibria 303: 2. 162-167  
Abstract: In this paper the equilibrium solubility of carbon dioxide in 1.0M, 2.0M and 4.0M 2(methylamino)ethanol (MAE) is measured at 303, 313 and 333K, and at CO2 partial pressures ranging from 1 to 100kPa using stirred cell reactor. The Kent-Eisenberg model was used to predict the solubility of carbon dioxide in MAE solutions. The equilibrium constant representing hydrolysis of carbamate ion is correlated with temperature, CO2 partial pressure and amine concentration by non-linear regression, using experimental results of carbamate ion concentrations. The model predicted results showed good agreement with the experimental solubility results. The solubility profile of CO2 in MAE showed better performance when compared with other commercial amines.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):2 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPEQD :doi 10.1016/j.fluid.2011.01.016 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yusoff, R.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ryusoff@um.edu.my References: Mamun, S., (2005), Selection and characterization of new absorbents for carbon dioxide capture, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NorwayKent, R., Eisenberg, B., (1976) Hydrocarb. Peocess., 55, pp. 87-90; Weiland, R.H., Chakravarty, T., Mather, A.E., (1993) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, pp. 1419-1430; Deshmukh, R.D., Mather, A.B., (1981) Chem. Eng. Sci., 36, pp. 355-362; Chakravarty, T., (1985), Ph.D. Thesis, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NYSardar, H., Weiland, R.H., (1984), AIChE National Meeting, San Francisco, CALi, Y.G., Mather, A.E., (1994) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 33, pp. 2006-2015; Pitzer, K.S., (1991) Ion interaction approach theory and data correlation in activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; Austgen, D.M., Rochelle, G.T., Peng, X., Chen, C.C., (1989) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28, pp. 1060-1073; Chen, C., Evans, L.B., (1986) AIChE J., 32, pp. 444-454; Huang, H., Shi, Y., Li, W., Chang, S., (2000), Environmental Energy Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of CaliforniaHaji-Sulaiman, M.Z., Aroua, M.K., Pervez, M.I., (1996) Gas Sep. Purif., 10 (1), pp. 13-18; Baek, J., Yoon, J., Eum, H., (2000) Korean J. Chem. Eng., 17 (4), pp. 484-487; Edwards, T.J., Maurer, G., Newman, J., Prausnitz, J.M., (1978) AIChE J., 24 (6), pp. 966-976; Littel, R.J., Bos, M., Knoop, G.J., (1990) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 35, pp. 276-277; Chakma, A., Meisen, A., (1987) Can. J. Chem. Eng., 65, pp. 264-273; Jou, F.-Y., Mather, A.E., Otto, F.D., (1995) Can. J. Chem. Eng., 73, pp. 140-147; Li, Y.G., Shen, K.P., (1992) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 37, p. 288; Tournaux, D.L., (2007), Absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanol, Master Thesis, University Laval, Quebec, CanadaPatil, P., Malik, Z., Jobson, M., (2006), pp. 498-510. , IChemE, Warwichshire, UKHu, W., Chakma, A., (1990) Can. J. Chem. Eng., 68, p. 523; Si Ali, B., (2007), Carbon dioxide absorption and its corrosivity in aqueous solutions of activated diethanolamine and methydiethanolamine, PhD Thesis, University of Malaya, MalaysiaSi Ali, B., Aroua, M.K., (2004) Int. J. Thermodyn., 25 (6), pp. 1863-1870; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., (2005) Fluid Phase Equilib., 231 (2), pp. 150-162
P S Kong, M K Aroua, A A Raman (2011)  Kinetics Study of Esterification Reaction of 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid (MCPA Acid)   International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 9:  
Abstract: MCPA ester is a postemergence and selective herbicide widely used in controlling weed growth. This is due to the low solubility of MCPA ester in water which differs from majority of the other herbicides. With low solubility, the chance of water pollution is lesser comparatively. MCPA ester can degrade in soil by biological and biotic mechanism which reduces the soil pollution. Despite the wide application of this ester, the kinetic data on synthesis of MCPA ester is still considered as a proprietary data and it is not available in the open literature. Therefore kinetic studies are conducted in this work. MCPA ester was synthesized by reacting MCPA acid and 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The parameters studied were reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and alcohol to acid molar ratio. The reaction was conducted in a jacketed batch reactor and samples were taken at an appropriate time intervals. The concentration MCPA ester was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MSD) analysis. The experimental data were fitted with proposed homogeneous integrated second order kinetic model and the fitting accuracy at 373K, 383K and 393K were 0.99, 0.95 and 0.99 respectively. The activation energy and frequency factor were estimated to be 71.559 kJmol -1 and 1.221 × 107 Lmol -1 min -1 respectively. Kinetic constant values were 0.844 × 103 to 6.331 × 103 Lmol -1 min -1 within the range of the temperature and concentration studied. As predicted, the activation energy decreases with increases in catalyst concentration and the values at 0.01M, 0.1M and 0.5M catalyst concentration were 73.6, 71.7 and 69.4 kJmol -1 respectively.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Art. No.: A112 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Kong, P.S.; University of MalayaMalaysia; email: psk.kong@gmail.com References: Ali, S.H., Tarakmah, A., Merchant, S.Q., Al-Sahhaf, T., Synthesis of esters: Development of the rate expression for the Dowex 50 Wx8-400 catalyzed esterification of propionic acid with 1-propanol (2007) Chemical Engineering Science, 62 (12), pp. 3197-3217. , DOI 10.1016/j.ces.2007.03.017, PII S0009250907002394; Altiokka, M.R., Odes, E., Reaction kinetics of the catalytic esterification of acrylic acid with propylene glycol (2009) Applied Catalysis A: General., 362, pp. 115-120; Aranda, D.A.G., Santos, R.T.P., Tapanes, N.C.O., Ramos, A.L.D., Antunes, O.A.C., Acid-catalyzed homogeneous esterification reaction for biodiesel production from palm fatty acids (2008) Catal. Lett., 122, pp. 20-25. , Springer; Balland, L., Mouhab, N., Cosmao, J.-M., Estel, L., Kinetic parameter estimation of solvent-free reactions: Application to esterification of acetic anhydride by methanol (2002) Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 41 (5), pp. 395-402. , DOI 10.1016/S0255-2701(01)00164-7, PII S0255270101001647; Berrios, M., Siles, J., Martin, M.A., Martin, A., A kinetic study of the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in sunflower oil (2007) Fuel, 86 (15), pp. 2383-2388. , DOI 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.02.002, PII S0016236107000798; Carmo, A.C., Souza, L.K.C., Costa, C.E.F., Longo, E., Zamian, J.R., Rocha Filho, G.N., Production of biodiesel by esterification of palmitic acid over mesoporous aluminosilicate Al-MCM-41 (2009) Fuel, 88, pp. 461-468; Dupont, P., Lefebvre, F., Esterification of propanoic acid by butanol and 2-ethylhexanol catalyzed by heteropolyacids pure or supported on carbon (1996) Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 114 (1-3), pp. 299-307. , DOI 10.1016/S1381-1169(96)00329-9, PII S1381116996003299; Ghaziaskar, H.S., Daneshfar, A., Calvo, L., Continuous esterification or dehydration in supercritical carbon dioxide (2006) Green Chemistry, 8 (6), pp. 576-581. , DOI 10.1039/b518463k; Grabinska-Sota, E., Wisniowska, E., Kalka, J., Toxicity of selected synthetic auxines - 2,4-D and MCPA derivatives to broad-leaved and cereal plants (2003) Crop Protection, 22 (2), pp. 355-360. , DOI 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00178-3, PII S0261219402001783; Harwell, C.T., Lowell, (2003) Liquid Herbicidal Compositions and Use Thereof In A Granular Herbicide, , US Patent 6579831 B1; (2007) The Agricultural, Forestry and Industrial Site Uses of the Herbicide (4-chloro-2 methylphenoxy) acetic Acid (MCPA), , Health Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency. Proposed Re-evaluation Decision, Case No. PACR2007-01, Health Canada: Ontario, Canada; Jong De, M.C., Feijt, R., Zondervan, E., Nijhuis, T.A., Haan De, A.B., Reaction kinetics of the esterification of myristic acid with isopropanol and n-propanol using p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst (2009) Applied Catalysis A: General, 365, pp. 141-147; Lacaze-Dufaure, C., Mouloungui, Z., Catalysed or uncatalysed esterification reaction of oleic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol (2000) Applied Catalysis A: General, 204 (2), pp. 223-227; Lilja, J., Warna, J., Salmi, T., Pettersson, L.J., Ahlkvist, J., Grenman, H., Ronnholm, M., Murzin, D.Y., Esterification of propanoic acid with ethanol, 1-propanol and butanol over a heterogeneous fiber catalyst (2005) Chemical Engineering Journal, 115, pp. 1-12; Liu, Y., Lotero, E., Goodwin Jr., J.G., A comparison of the esterification of acetic acid with methanol using heterogeneous versus homogeneous acid catalysis (2006) Journal of Catalysis, 242 (2), pp. 278-286. , DOI 10.1016/j.jcat.2006.05.026, PII S0021951706001825; Liu, Y., Lotero, E., Goodwin Jr., J.G., Effect of water on sulfuric acid catalyzed esterification (2006) Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 245 (1-2), pp. 132-140. , DOI 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.09.049, PII S1381116905007004; Malone, M.F., Doherty, M.F., Reactive distillation (2000) Ind. Chem. Eng. Res., 39, pp. 3953-3957; Nowak, P., Kinetics of the liquid phase esterification of acrylic acid with n- octanol and 2-ethylhexanol catalyzed by sulphuric acid (1999) React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 66 (2), pp. 375-380; Pigott, G.H., Van Ravenzwaay, B., MCPA: Interspecies comparison of metabolism (2000) MCPA DPWG., , MCPA Task Force III, (no report number). Unpublished; Ronnback, R., Salmi, T., Vuori, A., Haario, H., Lehtonen, J., Sundqvist, A., Tirronen, E., Development of a kinetic model for the esterification of acetic acid with methanol in the presence of a homogeneous acid catalyst (1997) Chemical Engineering Science, 52 (19), pp. 3369-3381. , DOI 10.1016/S0009-2509(97)00139-5, PII S0009250997001395; Saha, B., Sharma, M.M., Esterification of formic acid, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with cyclohexene in batch and distillation column reactors: Ion-exchange resins as catalysts (1996) Reactive & Functional Polymers, 28, pp. 263-27; Skrzypek, J., Kulawska, M., Grzesik, J.Z., Kinetic of the esterification of benzoic acid with n-octyl alcohol or isooctyl (2-ethylhexyl) alcohol using sulfuric acid (2003) React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 78 (2), pp. 349-353; Skrzypek, J., Sadlowski, J.Z., Lachowska, M., Nowak, P., Kinetics of the esterification of phthalic anhydride with 2-ethylhexanol Part IV: Non-catalytic process. Final kinetic comparison of the catalysts (1998) Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 37 (2), pp. 163-167. , PII S0255270197000299; Smith, A.E., Hayden, B.J., Hydrolysis of MCPA esters and the persistence of MCPA in Saskatchewan soils (1980) Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 25 (3), pp. 369-373; Snedecor, G., Cochran, W., Cox, D., (1989) Statistical Methods (8th edition), , The Iowa State University Press; Teo, H.T.R., Saha, B., Heterogeneous catalysed esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol: Kinetic studies (2004) Journal of Catalysis, 228, pp. 174-182; (2004) MCPA [(4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxy) Acetic Acid]. Corrected Revised Human Health Risk Assessment for the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document, , U.S. EPA. Chemical Nos. 030501, 030502, 030516, 030564., DP Barcode D307892, Docket: OPP-2004-0239-0004, Reregistration Case No. 0017, Washington, United States; Wasewar, K., Patidar, S., Agarwal, V.K., Esterification of lactic acid with ethanol in a pervaporation reactor: Modeling and performance study (2009) Desalination, 243, pp. 305-313; Yadav, G.D., Devi, K.M., Immobilized lipase-catalysed esterification and transesterification reactions in non-aqueous media for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate: Comparison and kinetic modeling (2004) Chemical Engineering Science, 59 (2), pp. 373-383. , DOI 10.1016/j.ces.2003.09.034
H A Barham, S A Brahim, Y Rozita, K A Mohamed (2011)  Carbon Steel Corrosion Behaviour in Aqueous Carbonated Solution of MEA/[bmim] [DCA]   International Journal of Electrochemical Science 6: 1. 181-198  
Abstract: Carbon steel corrosion rates were measured in carbonated solution mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA) and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyandiamide ([bmim] [DCA]) and MEA without [bmim] [DCA], using polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Corrosion tests were carried out for 4.0 M carbonated MEA and [bmim] [DCA] concentration varied from 0.1 to 1.0 M. The CO 2 loading was 0.55 mol/mol and temperature was varied from 40 to 80 °C. Results showed adding [bmim] [DCA] decreased the corrosion rate of carbon steel for 4.0 M MEA/[bmim] [DCA] system. However, the effect of [bmim] [DCA] addition was less as the temperature increased to 80 °C. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were also carried out to characterize the surface morphology and corrosion product formed on the electrode surface. The SEM and EDX spectrum showed that a protective corrosion layer has formed on the electrode surface for 4.0 M MEA/[bmim] [DCA] system. The corrosion rate of carbon steel was also measured using EIS at 40 °C and 4.0 M MEA/1.0 M [bmim] [DCA] with different exposure times. It was found the corrosion rate increased at first, but decreased progressively with time. The results got from EIS agree well with the polarization curve, SEM and EDX.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):5 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Barham, H.A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: barham2007d@yahoo.com References: Zhang, X., Wang, F., He, Y., Du, Y., (2001) Corr. Sci., 43, pp. 1417-1431; Dugsted, A., Lunde, L., Nesic, S., (1994) Gulf Publishing Co; Nesic, S., Pots, B.F.M., Postlethwaite, J., Thevenot, N., (1996) Corr. Sci. Eng., 1, pp. paper 3; Kohl, A.L., Nielson, R.B., (1997) Gas Purification, , 5th ed.; Gulf Publication Co. Houston, TX; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., (2005) Fluid Phs. Eq., 231, pp. 150-162; Guo, X.P., Tomoe, Y., (1999) Corros. Sci., 41, pp. 1391-1402; Farelas, F., Ramirez, A., (2010) Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 5, pp. 797-814; Zhang, Q.B., Hua, Y.X., (2009) Electrochim. Acta, 54, pp. 1881-1887; Natalya, V.L., Marco, A.D., Octavio Olivares-Xometl, Noel Nava-Entzana, Elsa Arce, Hector Dorantes (2010) Corros. Sci., 52, pp. 2088-2097; Allan, N.S., Bonifacio, T.D., Hui. Meng (2009) J. Chem. Therm., 41, pp. 525-529; Wu, S.L., Cui, Z.D., Zhao, G.X., Yan, M.L., Zhu, S.L., Yang, X.J., (2004) App. Sur. Sci., 228, pp. 17-25; Farelas, F., Galicia, M., Brown, B., Nesic, S., Castaneda, H., (2010) Corros. Sci., 52, pp. 509-517; Okafor, P.C., Liu, X., Zheng, Y.G., (2009) Corros. Sci., 51, pp. 761-768; Maŕin-Cruz, J., Cabrera-Sierra, R., Pech-Canul, M.A., Gonźalez, I., (2006) Electrochim. Acta, 51, pp. 1847-1854; Ali, B.S., (2005), PhD Thesis. University of MalayaLópez, D.A., Simison, S.N., De Sánchez, S.R., (2003) Electrochim. Acta, 48, pp. 845-854; Zhang, Q.B., Hua, Y.X., (2009) Electrochim. Acta, 54, pp. 1881-1887; (1999), ASTM Standard G5-94 (Reapproved 1999), ASTM: Philadelphia, PAUR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650795767&partnerID=40&md5=2814ec8a496cb14e0672a2e8f4ae3bf9
G Issabayeva, M K Aroua (2011)  Removal of copper and zinc ions onto biomodified palm shell activated carbon   World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 76: 259-262  
Abstract: commercially produced in Malaysia granular palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) was biomodified with bacterial biomass (Bacillus subtilis) to produce a hybrid biosorbent of higher efficiency. The obtained biosorbent was evaluated in terms of adsorption capacity to remove copper and zinc metal ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity was evaluated in batch adsorption experiments where concentrations of metal ions varied from 20 to 350 mg/L. A range of pH from 3 to 6 of aqueous solutions containing metal ions was tested. Langmuir adsorption model was used to interpret the experimental data. Comparison of the adsorption data of the biomodified and original palm shell activated carbon showed higher uptake of metal ions by the hybrid biosorbent. A trend in metal ions uptake increase with the increase in the solution’s pH was observed. The surface characterization data indicated a decrease in the total surface area for the hybrid biosorbent; however the uptake of copper and zinc by it was at least equal to the original PSAC at pH 4 and 5. The highest capacity of the hybrid biosorbent was observed at pH 5 and comprised 22 mg/g and 19 mg/g for copper and zinc, respectively. The adsorption capacity at the lowest pH of 3 was significantly low. The experimental results facilitated identification of potential factors influencing the adsorption of copper and zinc onto biomodified and original palm shell activated carbon.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):1 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Issabayeva, G.; Chemical Engineering department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: gulnaziya@utar.edu.my References: Walsh, T., Sandstead, H.T., Prasad, A.S., Newberne, P.M., Fraker, P.J., Zinc: Health effects and research priorities for the 1990s (1994) Environmental Health Perspectives, 102, pp. 5-46; Quintelas, C., Fonseca, B., Silva, B., Figueiredo, H., Tavares, T., Treatment of chromium(VI) solutions in a pilot-scale bioreactor through a biofilm of Arthrobacter viscosus supported on GAC (2009) Bioresourse. Technology, 100, pp. 220-226; Fosso-Kankeu, E., Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A.F., Mamba, B.B., Marjanovic, L., Barnard, T.G., A comprehensive study of physical and physiological parameters that affect bio-sorption of metal pollutants from aqueous solutions (2010) Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 35, pp. 672-678; Goyal, M., Bhagat, M., Dhawan, R., Removal of mercury from water by fixed bed activated carbon coumns (2009) J Hazardous Materials, 171, pp. 1009-1015; Mishra, B., Boyanov, M., Bunker, B.A., Kelly, S.D., Kemner, K.M., Fein, J.B., High-and low-affinity binding sites for Cd on the bacterial walls of Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella oneidensis (2010) Geochimia et Cosmochimia Acta, 74, pp. 4219-4233; Das, D., Das, N., Mathew, L., Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of Ag(I) from aquoues solution by microfungus Pleurous platypus (2010) J Hazardous Materials, 184, pp. 765-774; Rivera-Utrilla, J., Bautista-Toledo, I., Ferro-Garcia, M.A., Moreno-Castilla, C., Activated carbon surface modifications by adsorption of bacteria and their effect on aqueous lead adsorption (2001) J. Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 76, pp. 1209-1215; Khormaei, M., Nasernejad, B., Edrisi, N., Eslamzadeh, T., Copper biosorption from aqueous solutions by sour orange residue (2007) J. Hazardous Materials, 149, pp. 269-274; Lesmana, S.O., Febriana, N., Soetaredjo, F.E., Sunarso, J., Ismadji, S., Studies on potential applications of biomass for the separation of heavy metals from water and wastewater (2009) Biochemical. Engineering. J., 44, pp. 19-41; Wilson, K., Yang, H., Seo, C.W., Marshall, W.E., Select metal adsorption by activated carbon made from peanut shells (2006) Bioresourse. Technology, 18-97, pp. 2266-2270; Khambhaty, Y., Mody, K., Basha, S., Jha, B., Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic study on biosorption of hexavalent chromium by dead fungal biomass of marine Aspergillus niger (2009) Chemical Engineering. J., 145, pp. 489-495
C C Ming, M A Hussain, M K Aroua (2011)  Neural network based controller for Cr 6+-Fe 2+ batch reduction process   Neurocomputing 74: 18. 3773-3784  
Abstract: An automated pilot plant has been designed and commissioned to carry out online/real-time data acquisition and control for the Cr 6+-Fe 2+ reduction process. Simulated data from the Cr 6+-Fe 2+ model derived are validated with online data and laboratory analysis using ICP-AES analysis method. The distinctive trend or patterns exhibited in the ORP profiles for the non-equilibrium model derived have been utilized to train neural network-based controllers for the process. The implementation of this process control is to ensure sufficient Fe 2+ solution is dosed into the wastewater sample in order to reduce all Cr 6+-Cr 3+. The neural network controller has been utilized to compare the capability of set-point tracking with a PID controller in this process. For this process neural network-based controller dosed in less Fe 2+ solution compared to the PID controller which hence reduces wastage of chemicals. Industrial Cr 6+ wastewater samples obtained from an electro-plating factory has also been tested on the pilot plant using the neural network-based controller to determine its effectiveness to control the reduction process for a real plant. The results indicate the proposed controller is capable of fully reducing the Cr 6+-Cr 3+ in the batch treatment process with minimal dosage of Fe 2+.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: NRCGE :doi 10.1016/j.neucom.2011.06.027 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Hussain, M.A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mohd_azlan@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASchromium, 14092-98-9, 16065-83-1, 7440-47-3; ferrous ion, 15438-31-0 References: Eary, L.E., Rai, D., Chromate removal from aqueous waste by reduction with ferrous ion (1988) Environmental Science and Technology, 22, pp. 972-977; Hussain, M.A., Review of the applications of neural networks in chemical process control-simulation and online implementation (1999) Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 13, pp. 55-68; Arundhati, P., Paul, A.K., Aerobic chromate reduction by chromium-resistant bacteria isolated from serpentine soil (2004) Microbiological Research, 159 (4), pp. 347-354; Gheju, M., Iovi, A., Kinetics of hexavalent chromium reduction by scrap iron (2006) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 135 (1-3), pp. 66-73; Wang, T., Zuohu, L., High-temperature reduction of chromium (VI) in solid alkali (2004) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 112 (1-2), pp. 63-69; Mustafa, M.M., Abdullah, S.R., Rahman, R.A., Robust on-line control of hexavalent chromium reduction process using a Kalman filter (2002) Journal of Process Control, 12, pp. 405-412; Brydson, J.A., (1997) Plastic Materials, , Butterworth Heinemann; Clevett, K.J., (1986) Process Analyzer Technology, , John Wiley and Sons; Filer, S., Power Plant Chemistry Measurement Advancements: Oxidation Reduction Potential (1998) Ultrapure Water, 15 (9), pp. 53-62; Aroua, M.K., Chew, C.M., Hussain, M.A., Modelling of chromium hexavalent reduction by ferrous ion in a batch stirred tank (2009) Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 4 (1). , (Article 12); Wahab, A.K., Hussain, M.A., Omar, R., Development of PARS-EX pilot plant to study control strategies (2009) Control Engineering Practice, 17, pp. 1220-1233; Callan, R., (1999) The Essence of Neural Networks, , Prentice Hall Europe; Lim, J.S., Hussain, M.A., Aroua, M.K., Control of a hydrolyzer in an oleochemical plant using neural network based controllers (2010) Neurocomputing, 73, pp. 3242-3255; Ekpo, E.E., Mujtaba, I.M., Evaluation of neural networks-based controllers in batch polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (2008) Neurocomputing, 71, pp. 1401-1412; Hussain, M.A., Kershenbaum, L.S., Implementation of an inverse-model-based control strategy using neural networks on a partially simulated exothermic reactor (2000) Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 78, pp. 299-311; Daosud, W., Thitiyasook, P., Arpornwichanop, A., Kittisupakorn, P., Hussain, M.A., Neural network inverse model-based controller for the control of a steel pickling process (2005) Computers & Chemical Engineering, 29, pp. 2110-2119; Mujtaba, I.M., Aziz, N., Hussain, M.A., Neural network based modelling and control in batch reactor (2006) Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 84, pp. 635-644
F Hussin, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2011)  Textural characteristics, surface chemistry and activation of bleaching earth : A review   Chemical Engineering Journal 170: 1. 90-106  
Abstract: The unique properties of clay and clay minerals had made them valuable in the wide range of industrial applications. Low cost, local availability and effectiveness are the prevailing factors that have made clay and clay mineral to be used extensively as adsorbent in the purification of vegetable oils. The textural characteristics and surface chemistry play important roles in the bleaching earth performance. These two factors can be modified by various techniques including acid, basic, organic, thermal and pillaring activation. In these reviews, a comprehensive list of literatures on chemical and physical modification techniques of the bleaching earth was compiled and reviewed in relation to its effect on the structure, surface chemistry and adsorption capacity.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):2 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CMEJA :doi 10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.065 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Rossi, M., Gianazza, M., Alamprese, C., Stanga, F., The role of bleaching clays and synthetic silica in palm oil physical refining (2003) Food Chem., 82, pp. 291-296; Valenzuela-Diaz, F.R., Souza-Santos, P., Studies on the acid activation of Brazilian smectite clays (2001) Quim. Nova., 24, pp. 345-353; Morad, N.A., Aziz, M.K.A., Zain, R.M., (2001), Process design in degumming and bleaching of palm oil, Master Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)AL-Zahrani, A.A., Daous, M.A., Recycling of spent bleaching clay and oil recovery (2000) Trans. 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Res., 20, pp. 1-9; Vicente-Rodriguez, M.A., Suarez, M., Bafiares-Mufioz, M.A., Lopez-Gonzalez, J.D., Comparative FT-IR study of the removal and structural modifications during acid silicates of octahedral cations treatment of several (1996) Spec. Acta A, 52, pp. 1685-1694; Al-Zahrani, A.A., Al-Shahrani, S.S., Al-Tawil, Y.A., Study on the activation of Saudi natural bentonite, part I: investigation of the conditions that give best results and kinetics of the sulfuric acid activation process (2001) J. King Saud. Univ., 13, pp. 57-72; Balci, S., Effect of heating and acid pre-treatment on pore size distribution of sepiolite (1999) Clay Miner., 34, pp. 647-655; Bailey, S.W., Chairman, summary of recommendations of AIPEA nomenclature committee on clay minerals (1980) Am. Miner., 65, pp. 1-7
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2011)  A packed bed membrane reactor for production of biodiesel using activated carbon supported catalyst   Bioresource Technology 102: 2. 1095-1102  
Abstract: In this study, a novel continuous reactor has been developed to produce high quality methyl esters (biodiesel) from palm oil. A microporous TiO 2/Al 2O 3 membrane was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst amount and cross flow circulation velocity on the production of biodiesel in the packed bed membrane reactor. The highest conversion of palm oil to biodiesel in the reactor was obtained at 70°C employing 157.04g catalyst per unit volume of the reactor and 0.21cm/s cross flow circulation velocity. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and compared with the standard specifications. High quality palm oil biodiesel was produced by combination of heterogeneous alkali transesterification and separation processes in the packed bed membrane reactor. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):15 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BIRTE :doi 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.076 PubMed ID: 20888219 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; palm oil, 8002-75-3; Biofuels; Charcoal, 16291-96-6; Hydroxides; Membranes, Artificial; Plant Oils; Potassium Compounds; palm oil, 8002-75-3; potassium hydroxide, 1310-58-3 References: Alamu, O.J., Waheed, M.A., Jekayinfa, S.O., Biodiesel production from Nigerian palm kernel oil: effect of KOH concentration on yield (2007) Energy Sustainable Dev., 3, pp. 59-64; (1995), ASTM D2500-91, Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products, vol. 05.01. ASTM International(1996), ASTM D4052-96, Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter, vol. 05.02. ASTM International(2006), ASTM D445-06, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), vol. 05.01. ASTM International(2002), ASTM D5768-02 Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Value of Tall Oil Fatty Acids, vol. 05.01. ASTM International(2003), ASTM D6584-07, Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerine in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chromatography. ASTM International, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, USA(2006), ASTM D664-06ae1, Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration, vol. 05.01. ASTM International(2007), ASTM D93-07, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, vol. 05.01. ASTM International(1995), ASTM D97-93, Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, vol. 05.01. ASTM InternationalBaroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A.A., Sulaiman, N.M.N., Density of palm oil-based methyl ester (2008) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, pp. 877-880; Bournay, L., Casanave, D., Delfort, B., Hillion, G., Chodorge, J.A., New heterogeneous process for biodiesel production: a way to improve the quality and the value of the crude glycerin produced by biodiesel plants (2005) Catal. Today, 106, pp. 190-192; Boz, N., Degirmenbasi, N., Kalyon, D.M., Conversion of biomass to fuel: transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using KF loaded nano-γ-Al 2O 3 as catalyst (2009) Appl. Catal., B, 89, pp. 590-596; Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Morse, K., Effect of membrane pore size on the performance of a membrane reactor for biodiesel production (2007) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46, pp. 52-58; Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., High-purity fatty acid methyl ester production from canola, soybean, palm, and yellow grease lipids by means of a membrane reactor (2008) Biomass. Bioenerg., 32, pp. 1028-1036; Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Liu, J., Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98, pp. 639-647; (2003), EN14105 Fat and Oil Derivatives-Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)-Determination of Free and Total Glycerol and Mono-, Di- and Triglyceride Content. European Committee for Standardization: Management Centre, rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 BrusselsFan, M., Zhang, P., Activated carbon supported K 2CO 3 catalysts for transesterification of dimethyl carbonate with propyl alcohol (2007) Energy Fuels, 21, pp. 633-635; Mahajan, S., Konar, S.K., Boocock, D.G.B., Standard biodiesel from soybean oil by a single chemical reaction (2006) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83, pp. 641-644; McCurry, J.D., Wang, C.X., (2007), Analysis of Glycerin and Glycerides in Biodiesel (B100) Using ASTM D6584 and EN14105, Agilent Application Note publication 5898-7269ENMeher, L.C., VidyaSagar, D., Naik, S.N., Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification a review (2006) Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 10, pp. 248-268; Noureddini, H., Zhu, D.J., Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil (1997) Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, pp. 1457-1463; Sun, H., Ding, Y., Duan, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, Z., Lou, H., Zheng, X., Transesterification of sunflower oil to biodiesel on ZrO 2 supported La 2O 3 catalyst (2010) Bioresour. Technol., 101, pp. 953-958; Tremblay, A.Y., Cao, P., Dube, M.A., Biodiesel production using ultra-low catalyst concentrations (2008) Energy Fuels, 22, pp. 2748-2755; Vaughn, N.A., (2007) Design-Expert Software, Version 7.1, , Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA; Vicente, G., Martínez, M., Aracil, J., Optimisation of integrated biodiesel production. Part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yield (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98, pp. 1724-1733; Vincente, G., Coteron, A., Martinez, M., Application of the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology to optimize biodiesel production (1998) J. Aracil, Ind. Crop. Prod., 8, pp. 29-35; Vyas, A.P., Subrahmanyam, N., Patel, P.A., Production of biodiesel through transesterification of Jatropha oil using KNO 3/Al 2O 3 solid catalyst (2009) Fuel, 88, pp. 625-628; Westermann, T., Melin, T., Flow-through catalytic membrane reactors-principles and applications (2009) Chem. Eng. Process., 48, pp. 17-28; Xie, W., Huang, X., Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil using heterogeneous KF/ZnO catalyst (2006) Catal. Lett., 107, pp. 53-59; Zabeti, M., WanDaud, W.M.A., Aroua, M.K., Optimization of the activity of CaO/Al 2O 3 catalyst for biodiesel production using response surface methodology (2009) Appl. Catal., A, 366, pp. 154-159; Zabeti, M., WanDaud, W.M.A., Aroua, M.K., Biodiesel production using alumina-supported calcium oxide: an optimization study (2010) Fuel Process. Technol., 91, pp. 243-248
N A Sairi, R Yusoff, Y Alias, M K Aroua (2011)  Solubilities of CO2 in aqueous N-methyldiethanolamine and guanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid systems at elevated pressures   Fluid Phase Equilibria 300: 1-2. 89-94  
Abstract: In this work, the solubility of CO2 in aqueous blended systems of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and guanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([gua]+[OTf]-) have been carried out. The solubilities were measured at temperature 303.2K, 323.2K and 333.2K, over CO2 partial pressure ranging from 500 to 3000kPa. All data were reported as loading capacity (molCO2/total mol) as a function of partial pressure of CO2 at the corresponding temperature. It has been found that the aqueous [gua]+[OTf]- ionic liquid gave significantly higher solubility, up to 1.63mol CO2/total mol, as compared to other pure ionic liquids such as [bmim]+[BF4]-, [emim]+[OTf]- and [emim]+[C2N3]- which recorded at 323.2K and 3000kPa. However, the addition of [gua]+[OTf]- ionic liquid to aqueous MDEA gave a slight decreased on solubility. Correlations of solubility as a function of partial pressure and temperature were obtained with deviation of ±0.957%.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):8 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPEQD :doi 10.1016/j.fluid.2010.10.011 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Sairi, N.A.; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: asrina_sairi@um.edu.my
2010
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2010)  Potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon for transesterification of palm oil   Fuel Processing Technology 91: 11. 1378-1385  
Abstract: In this study, potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon was developed for transesterification of palm oil. The Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading and methanol to oil molar ratio on the production of biodiesel using activated carbon supported catalyst. The highest yield was obtained at 64.1 °C reaction temperature, 30.3 wt.% catalyst loading and 24:1 methanol to oil molar ratio. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel met the standard specifications. This study proves that activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide is an effective catalyst for transesterification of palm oil.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):22 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPTED :doi 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.05.009 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Meher, L.C., Vidya Sagar, D., Naik, S.N., Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification - A review (2006) Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 10, pp. 248-268; Barnwal, B.K., Sharma, M.P., Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetables oils in India (2005) Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 9, pp. 363-378; (2008) Oil World - Statistics Update, pp. 15-68. , ISTA Mielke GmbH Hamburg; (2007) Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics, , Malaysian Palm Oil Board MPOB; Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A.A., Sulaiman, N.M.N., Density of palm oil-based methyl ester (2008) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, pp. 877-880; Mahajan, S., Konar, S.K., Boocock, D.G.B., Standard biodiesel from soybean oil by a single chemical reaction (2006) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83, pp. 641-644; Holser, R.A., Harry-O’Kuru, R., Transesterified milkweed (Asclepias) seed oil as a biodiesel fuel (2006) Fuel, 85, pp. 2106-2110; Bournay, L., Casanave, D., Delfort, B., Hillion, G., Chodorge, J.A., New heterogeneous process for biodiesel production: A way to improve the quality and the value of the crude glycerin produced by biodiesel plants (2005) Catal. Today, 106, pp. 190-192; Al-Widyan, M.I., Al-Shyoukh, A.O., Experimental evaluation of the transesterification of waste palm oil into biodiesel (2002) Bioresour. Technol., 85, pp. 253-256; Zabeti, M., Daud, W.M.Ai.W., Aroua, M.K., Optimization of the activity of CaO/Al 2O 3 catalyst for biodiesel production using response surface methodology (2009) Appl. Catal. A Gen., 366, pp. 154-159; Ma, H., Li, S., Wang, B., Wang, R., Tian, S., Transesterification of rapeseed oil for synthesizing biodiesel by K/KOH/γ-Al 2O 3 as heterogeneous base catalyst (2008) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 85, pp. 263-270; Xie, W., Huang, X., Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil using heterogeneous KF/ZnO catalyst (2006) Catal. Lett., 107, pp. 53-59; Anderson, M.J., (2005) Opt. Eng. Mag., pp. 25-29; Anderson, M.J., Whitecomb, P.J., (2007) DOE Simplified - Practical Tools for Effective Experimentation, , Productivity Press New York, NY, USA; (2003) Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerine in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chromatography, , ASTM International 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, USA D6584-07A; (2003) EN14105 Fat and Oil Derivatives-Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)-Determination of Free and Total Glycerol and Mono-, Di- And Triglyceride Content, , European Committee for Standardization: Management Centre rue de Stassart 36 B-1050 Brussels; McCurry, J.D., Wang, C.X., Analysis of Glycerin and Glycerides in Biodiesel (B100) Using ASTM D6584 and EN14105 (2007) Agilent Application Note Publication 5898-7269EN; Vicente, G., Martinez, M., Aracil, J., Optimisation of integrated biodiesel production. Part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yield (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98 (9), pp. 1724-1733. , DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.024, PII S0960852406003518; Zabeti, M., Wan Daud, W.M.A., Aroua, M.K., Biodiesel production using alumina-supported calcium oxide: An optimization study (2010) Fuel Process. Technol., 91, pp. 243-248; Xie, W., Peng, H., Chen, L., Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by potassium loaded on alumina as a solid-base catalyst (2006) Appl. Catal. A Gen., 300, pp. 67-74; (2006) Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), , D445-06A ASTM International; (1996) Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter, , D4052-96A ASTM International; (2007) Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, , D93-07A ASTM International; (1995) Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products, , D2500-91A ASTM International; (1995) Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, , D97-93A ASTM International; (2006) Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration, , D664-06ae1 A. ASTM International; (2002) Standard Test Method for Determination of Iodine Value of Tall Oil Fatty Acids, , D5768-02A ASTM International; Hameed, B.H., Goh, C.S., Chin, L.H., Process optimization for methyl ester production from waste cooking oil using activated carbon supported potassium fluoride (2009) Fuel Process. Technol., 90, pp. 1532-1537; Vincente, G., Coteron, A., Martinez, M., Aracil, J., Application of the factorial design of experiments and response surface methodology to optimize biodiesel production (1998) J. Ind. Crop. Prod., 8, pp. 29-35; Kwiecien, J., Hájek, M., Skopal, F., Combined effect of water and KOH on rapeseed oil methanolysis (2010) Bioresour. Technol., 101, pp. 3121-3125; Vaughn, N.A., (2007) Design-Expert Software, Version 7.1, , Stat-Ease, Inc. Minneapolis, MN, USA
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2010)  Methanol recovery during transesterification of palm oil in a TiO 2/Al2O3 membrane reactor : Experimental study and neural network modeling   Separation and Purification Technology 76: 1. 58-63  
Abstract: High quality palm oil biodiesel can be produced by combination of alkali transesterification and separation processes in a TiO2/Al 2O3 membrane reactor. Due to the small molecular size, methanol molecules are able to pass through the membrane along with the products. Since methanol is one of the process reactants it is necessary to be recovered. Methanol recovery by means of continuous distillation was employed and the influences of different operational parameters including heating temperature permeate flow rate and reactants ratio were investigated. The results indicate that these parameters have significant effects on the rate of methanol recovery. To simulate the rate of methanol recovery an artificial neural network based approached was employed. The experimental data obtained in this work were used to train and validate the created neural network. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):5 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: SPUTF :doi 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.09.020 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Meher, L.C., Vidya Sagar, D., Naik, S.N., Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification - A review (2006) Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 10, pp. 248-268; Barnwal, B.K., Sharma, M.P., Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetables oils in India (2005) Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 9, pp. 363-378; (2008) Oil World- Statistics Update, , ISTA Mielke GmbH Hamburg; (2007) Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics, , Malaysian Palm Oil Board MPOB; Noureddini, H., Zhu, D., Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil (1997) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, pp. 1457-1463; Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., High-purity fatty acid methyl ester production from canola, soybean, palm, and yellow grease lipids by means of a membrane reactor (2008) Biomass Bioenergy, 32, pp. 1028-1036; Darnoko, D., Cheryan, M., Continuous production of palm methyl esters (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, pp. 1269-1272; Kreutzer, U.R., Manufacture of fatty alcohols based on natural fats and oils (1984) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, pp. 343-348; Noureddini, H., Harkey, D., Medikonduru, V.A., Continuous process for the conversion of vegetable oils into methyl esters of fatty acids (1998) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 75, pp. 1775-1783; Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Liu, J., Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98, pp. 639-647; Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Morse, K., Effect of membrane pore size on the performance of a membrane reactor for biodiesel production (2007) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46, pp. 52-58; Tremblay, A.Y., Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Biodiesel production using ultralow catalyst concentrations (2008) Energy Fuels, 22, pp. 2748-2755; Melin, T., Rautenbach, R., (2007) Membranverfahren: Grundlagen der Modul- Und Anlagenauslegung, , 3rd ed. VDI-Buch Chemische Technik/Verfahrenstechnik, Springer; Sanchez Marcano, J.G., Tsotsis, T.T., (2002) Catalytic Membranes and Membrane Reactors, , Wiley-VCH Weinheim; Westermann, T., Melin, T., Flow-through catalytic membrane reactors - Principles and applications (2009) Chem. Eng. Process., 48, pp. 17-28; (2003) ASTM D6584-07 Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerine in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chromatography, , ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, USA; (2003) EN14105 Fat and Oil Derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of Free and Total Glycerol and Mono-, Di- And Triglyceride Content, , European Committee for Standardization: Management Centre Brussels; McCurry, J.D., Wang, C.X., (2007) Analysis of Glycerin and Glycerides in Biodiesel (B100) Using ASTM D6584 and EN14105, Agilent Application Note Publication 5898-7269EN; Graboski, M.S., McCormick, R.L., Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines (1998) Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 24, pp. 125-164
I M Atadashi, M K Aroua, A A Aziz (2010)  High quality biodiesel and its diesel engine application : A review   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14: 7. 1999-2008  
Abstract: The continuous increasing demand for energy and the diminishing tendency of petroleum resources has led to the search for alternative renewable and sustainable fuel. Biodiesel is best substitute for petro-diesel and also most advantageous over petro-diesel for its environmental friendliness. The quality of biodiesel fuel was found to be significant for its successful use on compression ignition engines and subsequent replacement of non-renewable fossil fuels. Conventional biodiesel separation and purification technologies were noticed to yield lower quality biodiesel fuel with resultant excessive energy and water consumptions. Membrane technology showed more potential for effective and efficient separation and purification of biodiesel. This technology need be explored for the attainment of better quality biodiesel fuels. This paper reviews the technologies used for the biodiesel separation and purification, biodiesel quality, and its effects on diesel engines. Biodiesel biodegradability, lubricity, stability, economic importance, and gaseous emissions have been discussed.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):62 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: RSERF :doi 10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.020 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2010)  Viscosities and Densities of Binary and Ternary Blends of Palm Oil plus Palm Biodiesel plus Diesel Fuel at Different Temperatures   Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 55: 1. 504-507  
Abstract: Vegetable oil-based fuels are promising alternative fuels for diesel engines because of their environmental and strategic advantages. In this work, binary and ternary blends of palm oil, biodiesel, and diesel fuel were prepared, and dynamic viscosities and densities of blends were measured as functions of temperature. The binary and ternary blends demonstrate a temperature-dependent behavior, and viscosities and densities decreased nonlinearly and linearly with temperature, respectively. The evaluation of the measured viscosities of binary and ternary blends was completed, and the best correlation was obtained by a polynomial regression.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):12 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JCEAA :doi 10.1021/je900299x Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Raman, A. A. A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: azizraman@um.edu.my References: Barnwal, B.K., Sharma, M.P., Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India (2005) Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 9, pp. 363-378; (2008) Oil World-Statistics Update, pp. 15-68. , ISTA Mielke GmbH: Hamburg, Germany; (2007) Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics, , Malaysian Palm Oil Board, MPOB: Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Wan Nik, W.S., Eng Giap, S.G., Masjuki, H.H., Senin, H.B., Application of modified power law and Arrhenius relationship in studying rheological behaviour of bio-oils. (2006) Mater. Sci. Forum, 517, pp. 147-152; Schwab, A.W., Bagby, M.O., Freedman, B., Preparation and properties of diesel fuel from vegetable oil (1987) Fuel, 66, pp. 1372-1378; Tat, M.E., Van Gerpen, J.H., The kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel (1999) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76, pp. 1511-1513; Joshi, R.M., Pegg, M.J., Flow properties of biodiesel fuel blends at low temperatures (2007) Fuel, 86, pp. 143-151; Benjumea, P., Agudelo, J., Agudelo, A., Basic properties of palm oil biodiesel-diesel blends (2008) Fuel, 87, pp. 2069-2075; Alptekin, E., Canakci, M., Determination of the density and the viscosities of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends (2008) Renewable Energy, 33, pp. 2623-2630; Candeia, R.A., Freitas, J.C.O., Souza, M.A.F., Conceio, M.M., Santos, I.M.G., Soledade, L.E.B., Souza, A.G., Thermal and rheological behavior of diesel and methanol biodiesel blends (2007) J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 87, pp. 653-656; Abolle, A., Kouakou, L., Planche, H., The viscosity of diesel oil and mixtures with straight vegetable oils: Palm, cabbage palm, cotton, groundnut, copra and sunflower (2009) Biomass Bioenerg., 33, pp. 1116-1121; Viswanath, D.S., Ghosh, T.K., Prasad, D.H.L., (2007) Viscosity of Liquids Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data, , Springer: The Netherlands; Bettin, H., Spieweck, F., Die dichte des wassers als funktion der temperatur nach einfÃŒhrung der internationalen temperaturskala von 1990 (1990) PTB-Mitt., 100, pp. 195-196; Riser-Roberts, E., (1992) Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Sites, , C. K. Smoley CRC Press, Inc.: Boca Raton, FL
A Ahmady, M A Hashim, M K Aroua (2010)  Experimental investigation on the solubility and initial rate of absorption of CO2 in aqueous mixtures of methyldiethanolamine with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate   Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 55: 12. 5733-5738  
Abstract: In this paper we present the results of the initial absorption rate and solubility of CO2 in aqueous 4 M methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) mixed with various concentrations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) at (303, 313, 323, and 333) K. All experiments were carried out at low partial pressures of CO2, below 110 kPa. The results of this research suggested that the presence of a low concentration of [bmim][BF4] in aqueous 4 mol·L-1 MDEA has no significant effect on the mixture loading capacity, but increased the initial absorption rate. The amine CO2 loading capacity showed a significant decrease in the presence of high concentrations of ionic liquid in the mixture.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):10 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JCEAA :doi 10.1021/je1006949 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Jamal, A., Meisen, A., Jim Lim, C., Kinetics of carbon dioxide absorption and desorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions using a novel hemispherical contactor - I. Experimental apparatus and mathematical modeling (2006) Chemical Engineering Science, 61 (19), pp. 6571-6589. , DOI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.04.046, PII S0009250906003319; Goldstein, A.M., Brown, E.C., Heinzelmann, F.J., Say, G.R., New FLEXORB gas treating technology for acid gas removal (1986) Energy Prog., 6, pp. 67-70; Samanta, A., Roy, S., Bandyopadhyay, S.S., Physical solubility and diffusivity of N2O and CO2 in aqueous solutions of piperazine and (N-methyldiethanolamine + piperazine) (2007) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 52, pp. 1381-1385C; Camper, D., Bara, J.E., Gin, D.L., Noble, R.D., Room-temperature ionic liquid-amine solutions: Tunable solvents for efficient and reversible capture of CO2 (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, pp. 8496-8498; Cadena, C., Anthony, J.L., Shah, J.K., Marrow, T.I., Brennecke, J.F., Maggin, E.J., Why is CO2 so soluble in imidazolium-based ionic liquids? (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126 (16), pp. 5300-5308; Blanchard, L.A., Gu, Z., Brennecke, J.F., High pressure phase behavior of ionic liquid/CO2 systems (2001) J. Phys. Chem., 105, pp. 2437-2444; Bates, E.D., Mayton, R.D., Ntai, I., Davis, J.H., CO2 capture by a task-specific ionic liquid (2002) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, pp. 926-927; Chinn, D., Vu, D.Q., Driver, M.S., Boudreau, L.C., (2006) CO2 removal from gas using ionic liquid absorbents, , U.S. Patent 20060251558, Nov 9; Keskin, S., Kayrak-Talay, D., Akman, U., Hortacsu, O., A review of ionic liquids towards supercritical fluid applications (2007) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 43, pp. 150-180; Bara, J.E., Carlisle, T.K., Gabriel, C.J., Camper, D., Gin, D.L., Noble, R.D., Guide to CO2 separations in imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids (2009) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48, pp. 2739-2751; Appl, M., Wagner, U., Henrici, H.J., Kuessner, K., Volkamer, K., Fuerst, E., (1982) Removal of CO2 and/or H2S and/or COS from gases containing these constituents, , U.S. Patent 4336233; Shiflett, M.B., Yokozeki, A., Solubilities and diffusivities of carbon dioxide in ionic liquids: [bmim][PF6] and [bmim][BF4] (2005) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, pp. 4453-4464; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., An experimental investigation on the rate of CO2 absorption in aqueous methyldiethanolamine solutions (2007) Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24 (1), pp. 16-23; Benamor, A., (1998) Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution of diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and their mixtures, , Master of Science Thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Austgen, D.M., Rochelle, G.T., Chen, C.C., Model of vapor-liquid equilibria for aqueous acid gas-alkanolamine systems 2. Representation of H2S and CO2 solubility in aqueous MDEA and CO2 solubility in aqueous mixtures of MDEA with MEA and DEA (1991) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30, pp. 543-555; Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., Lightfoot, E.N., (2002) Transport Phenomena, , 2 nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York; Ermatchkov, V., Kamps, A.P.-S., Maurer, G., Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of N- methyldiethanolamine in the low gas loading region (2006) Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45 (17), pp. 6081-6091. , DOI 10.1021/ie0604270; Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z., Aroua, M.K., Benamor, A., Analysis of equilibrium data of CO2 in aquoues solution of diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and their mixtures using the modified Kent Eisenberg model (1998) Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 76, pp. 961-968; Jou, F.Y., Mather, A.E., Otto, F.D., Solubility of H2S and CO2 in aqueous MDEA solutions (1982) Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 21, pp. 539-544; Chunxi, L., Furst, W., Representation of CO2 and H2S solubility in aqueous MDEA solutions using an electrolyte equation of state (2000) Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, pp. 2975-2988
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2010)  Methanol recovery during transesterification of palm oil in a TiO 2/Al2O3 membrane reactor : Experimental study and neural network modeling   Separation and Purification Technology 76: 1. 58-63  
Abstract: High quality palm oil biodiesel can be produced by combination of alkali transesterification and separation processes in a TiO2/Al 2O3 membrane reactor. Due to the small molecular size, methanol molecules are able to pass through the membrane along with the products. Since methanol is one of the process reactants it is necessary to be recovered. Methanol recovery by means of continuous distillation was employed and the influences of different operational parameters including heating temperature permeate flow rate and reactants ratio were investigated. The results indicate that these parameters have significant effects on the rate of methanol recovery. To simulate the rate of methanol recovery an artificial neural network based approached was employed. The experimental data obtained in this work were used to train and validate the created neural network.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):5 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: SPUTF :doi 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.09.020 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Meher, L.C., Vidya Sagar, D., Naik, S.N., Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification - A review (2006) Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 10, pp. 248-268; Barnwal, B.K., Sharma, M.P., Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetables oils in India (2005) Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 9, pp. 363-378; (2008) Oil World- Statistics Update, , ISTA Mielke GmbH Hamburg; (2007) Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics, , Malaysian Palm Oil Board MPOB; Noureddini, H., Zhu, D., Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil (1997) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, pp. 1457-1463; Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., High-purity fatty acid methyl ester production from canola, soybean, palm, and yellow grease lipids by means of a membrane reactor (2008) Biomass Bioenergy, 32, pp. 1028-1036; Darnoko, D., Cheryan, M., Continuous production of palm methyl esters (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, pp. 1269-1272; Kreutzer, U.R., Manufacture of fatty alcohols based on natural fats and oils (1984) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, pp. 343-348; Noureddini, H., Harkey, D., Medikonduru, V.A., Continuous process for the conversion of vegetable oils into methyl esters of fatty acids (1998) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 75, pp. 1775-1783; Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Liu, J., Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98, pp. 639-647; Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Morse, K., Effect of membrane pore size on the performance of a membrane reactor for biodiesel production (2007) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46, pp. 52-58; Tremblay, A.Y., Cao, P., Dubé, M.A., Biodiesel production using ultralow catalyst concentrations (2008) Energy Fuels, 22, pp. 2748-2755; Melin, T., Rautenbach, R., (2007) Membranverfahren: Grundlagen der Modul- Und Anlagenauslegung, , 3rd ed. VDI-Buch Chemische Technik/Verfahrenstechnik, Springer; Sanchez Marcano, J.G., Tsotsis, T.T., (2002) Catalytic Membranes and Membrane Reactors, , Wiley-VCH Weinheim; Westermann, T., Melin, T., Flow-through catalytic membrane reactors - Principles and applications (2009) Chem. Eng. Process., 48, pp. 17-28; (2003) ASTM D6584-07 Test Method for Determination of Free and Total Glycerine in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chromatography, , ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, USA; (2003) EN14105 Fat and Oil Derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of Free and Total Glycerol and Mono-, Di- And Triglyceride Content, , European Committee for Standardization: Management Centre Brussels; McCurry, J.D., Wang, C.X., (2007) Analysis of Glycerin and Glycerides in Biodiesel (B100) Using ASTM D6584 and EN14105, Agilent Application Note Publication 5898-7269EN; Graboski, M.S., McCormick, R.L., Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines (1998) Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 24, pp. 125-164
S Ghafari, M Hasan, M K Aroua (2010)  A kinetic study of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification at the optimum pH and sodium bicarbonate dose   Bioresource Technology 101: 7. 2236-2242  
Abstract: In this study the kinetics of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification was studied under optimum solution pH and bicarbonate concentration. The optimal pH and bicarbonate concentration were firstly obtained using a design of experiment (DOE) methodology. For this purpose a total of 11 experiments were carried out. Sodium bicarbonate concentrations ranging of 20-2000 mg/L and pH values from 6.5 to 8.5 were used in the optimization runs. It was found that the pH has a more pronounced effect on the denitrification process as compared to the bicarbonate dose. The developed quadratic model predicted the optimum conditions at pH 8 and 1100 mg NaHCO 3/L. Using these optimal conditions, the kinetics of denitrification for nitrate and nitrite degradation were investigated in separate experiments. Both processes were found to follow a zero order kinetic model. The ultimate specific degradation rates for nitrate and nitrite remediation were 29.60 mg NO - 3-N/g MLVSS/L and 34.85 mg NO - 3-N/g ]MLVSS/L respectively, when hydrogen was supplied every 0.5 h.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):7 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BIRTE :doi 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.068 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Abeling, U., Seyfried, C.F., Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of high-strength ammonium wastewater-nitrogen removal via nitrite (1992) Water Sci. Technol., 26 (5-6), pp. 1007-1015; Adams, W., (2006) Handbook for Experimenters version 7.3, , Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA; Dhamole, P.B., Nair, R.R., D’Souza, S.F., Lele, S.S., Denitrification of high strength nitrate waste (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98 (2), pp. 247-252; Foglar, L., Briski, F., Sipos, L., Vukovi, M., High nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater with the mixed bacterial culture (2005) Bioresour. Technol., 96 (8), pp. 879-888; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., Bio-electrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater-A review (2008) Bioresour. Technol., 99 (10), pp. 3965-3974; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., Effect of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate as inorganic carbon sources on growth and adaptation of hydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 162 (2-3), pp. 1507-1513; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., Improvement of autohydrogenotrophic nitrite reduction rate through optimization of pH and bicarbonate dose in a batch experiments (2009) J. Biosci. Bioeng., 107 (3), pp. 275-280; Glass, C., (1997) Optimized denitrification of concentrated nitrate wastes under saline conditions in bench-scale sequencing batch reactors, , Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Glass, C., Silverstein, J., Denitrification kinetics of high nitrate concentration water: pH effect on inhibition and nitrite accumulation (1998) Water Res, 32 (3), pp. 831-839; Kurt, M., Dunn, I.J., Bourne, J.R., Biological denitrification of drinking water using autotrophic organisms with H2 in a fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (1987) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 29 (4), pp. 493-501; Lee, K.C., Rittmann, B.E., Effects of pH and precipitation on autohydrogenotrophic denitrification using the hollow-fiber membrane-biofilm reactor (2003) Water Res, 37 (7), pp. 1551-1556; Pala, A., BlÃŒkbasş, O., Evaluation of kinetic parameters for biological CNP removal from a municipal wastewater through batch tests (2005) Process Biochem, 40 (2), pp. 629-635; Rezania, B., Cicek, N., Oleszkiewicz, J.A., Kinetics of hydrogen-dependent denitrification under varying pH and temperature conditions (2005) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 92 (7), pp. 900-906; Shrimali, M., Singh, K.P., New methods of nitrate removal from water (2001) Environ. Pollut., 112 (3), pp. 351-359; Smith, R.L., Ceazan, M.L., Brooks, M.H., Autotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing, denitrifying bacteria in groundwater, potential agents for bioremediation of nitrate contamination (1994) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60 (6), pp. 1949-1955; Van Rijn, J., Tal, Y., Schreier, H.J., Denitrification in recirculating systems: Theory and applications (2006) Aquacul. Eng., 34 (3), pp. 364-376; Vasiliadou, I.A., Pavlou, S., Vayenas, D.V., A kinetic study of hydrogenotrophic denitrification (2006) Process Biochem, 41 (6), pp. 1401-1408; Wang, J-H., Baltzis, B.C., Lewandowski, G.A., Fundamental denitrification kinetic studies with Pseudomonas denitrificans (1995) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 47 (1), pp. 26-41; Watanabe, T., Motoyama, H., Kuroda, M., Denitrification and neutralization treatment by direct feeding of an acidic wastewater containing copper ion and high-strength nitrate to a bio-electrochemical reactor process (2001) Water Res, 35 (17), pp. 4102-4110
C Y Yin, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2010)  Metal-polyethyleneimine-activated carbon interaction parameter at equilibrium adsorption capacity   Journal of Applied Sciences 10: 12. 1192-1195  
Abstract: A simple interaction parameter (IPEI) for adsorption of metal ions on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-impregnated activated carbon (AC) has been determined and compared. It is used to elucidate and compare the degree of interaction between metal and surface of PEI-impregnated AC.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yin, C. Y.; Facuity of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia References: Jia, Y.F., Thomas, K.M., Adsorption of cadmium ions on oxygen surface sites in activated carbon (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 1114-1122; Juang, R.S., Chen, M.N., Measurement of binding constants of poly(ehtylenimine) with metal ions and metal chelates in aqueous media by ultrafiltration (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 35, pp. 1935-1943; Molochnikov, L.S., Kovalyova, E.G., Zagorodni, A.A., Muhammed, M., Sultanov, Y.M., Efendiev, A.A., Coordination of Cu(II) andNi(II) in polymers imprinted so as to optimize amine chelate formation (2003) Polymer, 44, pp. 4805-4815; Park, S.J., Jang, Y.S., Pore structure and surface properties of chemically modified activated carbons for adsorption mechanism and rate of Cr(IV) (2002) J. Colloid Interface Sci, 249, pp. 458-463; Strelko, V., Malik, D.J., Characterization and metal sorptive properties of oxidized active carbon (2002) J. Colloid Interface Sci, 250, pp. 213-220; Tseng, R.L., Tseng, S.K., Wu, F.C., Preparation of high surface area carbons from corncob with koh etching plus C02 gasification for the adsorption of dyes and phenols from water (2006) Coll. Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 279, pp. 69-78; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., Impregnation of palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine and its effects on Cd2+ adsorption (2007) Colloid Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 307, pp. 128-136; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., Polyethyleneimine impregnation on activated carbon: Effects of impregnation amount and molecular number on textural characteristics and metal adsorption capacities (2008) Mater. Chem. Phys, 112, pp. 417-422
S Ghafari, M K Aroua, M Hasan (2010)  Control of pH during water denitrification in an upflow bio-electrochemical reactor (UBER) using a pumparound system   Separation and Purification Technology 72: 3. 401-405  
Abstract: In this study a new reactor design is proposed to control the pH during the bio-electrochemical denitrification process. A previously developed UBER was modified by including a pumparound system. With the pumparound system a portion of the treated water is continuously withdrawn from the UBER into a CO 2 sparging bottle to decrease its pH to about 6.1 ± 0.1, before being returned to the cathode zone where denitrification process takes place. Continuous denitrification was studied with a HRT of 24 h applying an electric current in the range of 15-25 mA. The effects of circulation flow rate (F c) on the pH and on the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite ions in the effluent were investigated. The pumparound system succeeded to stabilize the cathode pH around 7-8 through alteration of circulation flow rate (F c). Complete denitrification with no trace of nitrite was therefore achieved at circulation flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and electric current 25 mA. A further investigation in absence of bicarbonate sodium resulted in a satisfactory nitrate treatment showing that the carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the CO 2 sparging bottle supplied enough carbon for the autohydrogenotrophic microorganisms.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):4 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: SPUTF :doi 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.03.014 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ghafari, S.; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: shahin@um.edu.my References: Canter, L.W., (1997) Nitrates in Groundwater, , CRC Press; Shrimali, M., Singh, K.P., (2001) Environ. Pollut., 112, pp. 351-359; Guo, Z., Zheng, Z., Gu, C., Zheng, Y., (2008) Radiat. Phys. Chem., 77, pp. 702-707; Moreno-Castilla, C., Bautista-Toledo, I., Ferro-García, M.A., Rivera-Utrilla, J., (2003) Carbon, 41, pp. 1743-1749; Glass, C., Silverstein, J., (1999) Water Res., 33, pp. 223-229; Cast, K.L., Flora, J.R.V., (1998) Water Res., 32, pp. 63-70; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., (2008) Bioresour. Technol., 99, pp. 3965-3974; Biswas, S., Bose, P., (2005) J. Environ. Eng., 131, pp. 1212-1220; Feleke, Z., Sakakibara, Y., (2002) Water Res., 36, pp. 3092-3102; Killingstad, M.W., Widdowson, M.A., Smith, R.L., (2002) J. Environ. Eng., 128, pp. 491-504; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 162, pp. 1507-1513; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., (2009) J. Biosci. Bioeng., 107, pp. 275-280; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., (2009) Electrochim. Acta, 54, pp. 4164-4171; Sakakibara, Y.M., Nakayama, T., (2001) Water Res., 35, pp. 768-778; Prosnansky, M., Sakakibara, Y., Kuroda, M., (2002) Water Res., 36, pp. 4801-4810; Zhou, M., Fu, W., Gu, H., Lei, L., (2007) Electrochim. Acta, 52, pp. 6052-6059; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., (2010) Bioresour. Technol., pp. 2236-2242
M Owlad, M K Aroua, W M Wan Daud (2010)  Hexavalent chromium adsorption on impregnated palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine   Bioresour Technol 101: 14. 5098-5103  
Abstract: Removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution was investigated using modified palm shell activated carbon. Low Molecular Weight Polyethyleneimine (LMW PEI) was used for impregnation purpose. The maximum amount of LMW PEI adsorbed on activated carbon was determined to be approximately 228.2 mg/g carbon. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch system using potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 as the source of Cr(VI) in the synthetic waste water and modified palm shell activated carbon as the adsorbent. The effects of pH, concentration of Cr(VI) and PEI loaded on activated carbon were studied. The adsorption data were found to fit well with the Freundlich isotherm model. This modified Palm shell activated carbon showed high adsorption capacity for chromium ions.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):24 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BIRTE :doi 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.135 PubMed ID: 20156679 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; chromium, 14092-98-9, 16065-83-1, 7440-47-3; dichromate potassium, 7778-50-9; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7; Carbon, 7440-44-0; Charcoal, 16291-96-6; Chromium, 7440-47-3; Lead, 7439-92-1; Oxygen, 7782-44-7; Polyethyleneimine, 9002-98-6; Potassium Dichromate, 7778-50-9; Water Pollutants, Chemical; chromium hexavalent ion, 18540-29-9 References: Adhoum, N., Monser, L., Removal of cyanide from aqueous solution using impregnated activated carbon (2002) Chem. Eng. 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Mater., 156, pp. 214-222; Chingombe, P., Saha, B., Wakeman, R.J., Surface modification and characterisation of a coal-based activated carbon (2005) Carbon, 43, pp. 3132-3143; Cimino, G., Passerini, A., Toscano, G., Removal of toxic cations and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by hazelnut shell (2000) Water Res., 34, pp. 2955-2962; Di Natale, F., Lancia, A., Molino, A., Musmarra, D., Removal of chromium ions form aqueous solutions by adsorption on activated carbon and char (2007) J. Hazard. Mater., 145, pp. 381-390; Hamadi, N.K., Chen, X.D., Farid, M.M., Lu, M.G.Q., Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorbents derived from used tyres and sawdust (2001) Chem. Eng. J., 81, pp. 95-105; Karthikeyan, T., Rajgopal, S., Miranda, L.R., Chromium(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by Hevea brasiliensis sawdust activated carbon (2005) J. Hazard. 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M Zabeti, W M A W Daud, M K Aroua (2010)  Biodiesel production using alumina-supported calcium oxide : An optimization study   Fuel Processing Technology 91: 2. 243-248  
Abstract: This study consists of the optimization of the methyl ester yields produced via transesterification of palm oil using CaO/Al2O3 solid base catalyst. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in combination with Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the operating parameters. Alcohol/oil molar ratio, catalyst content in the reaction medium and reaction temperature were chosen as the variables and the response selected was the amount of methyl ester yields. All the reactions were performed in a batch laboratory scale reactor for 5 h; the optimum reaction conditions obtained were approximately alcohol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst content of 6 wt.% and reaction temperature of 65 °C. The results from ICP-MS exhibited insignificant leaching of the CaO active species into the reaction medium and the reusability of the catalyst was successfully tested in two subsequent cycles. Under certain reaction conditions the glycerol obtained was almost colorless.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):34 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPTED :doi 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.004 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Daud, W.M.A.W.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ashri@um.edu.my References: Demirbas, A., importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel (2007) Energy Policy, 35, pp. 4661-4670; Szybist, J.P., Song, J., Alam, M., Boehman, A.L., biodiesel combustion, emissions and emission control (2007) Fuel Processing Technology, 88, pp. 679-691; Graboski, M.S., McCormick, R.L., combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines (1998) Progres Energy Combustion Science, 24, pp. 125-164; Kulkarni, M.G., Dalai, A.K., Bakhshi, N.N., transesterification of canola oil in mixed methanol/ethanol system and use of esters as lubricity additive (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 2027-2033; Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A.A., Sulaiman, N.M.N., density of palm oil-based methyl ester (2008) Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 53, pp. 877-880; Lo ́pez, D.E., Goodwin Jr., J.G., Bruce, D.A., Lotero, E., transesterification of triacetin with methanol on solid acid and base catalysts (2005) Applied Catalysis. A, General, 295, pp. 97-105; Vicente, G., Martínez, M., Aracil, J., integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems (2004) Bioresource Technology, 92, pp. 297-305; Sivozhelezov, V., Bruzzese, D., Pastorino, L., Pechkova, E., Nicolini, C., Increase of catalytic activity of lipase towards olive oil by Langmuir-film immobilization of lipase (2009) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 44, pp. 72-76; Ngamcharussrivichai, C., Wiwatnimit, W., Wangnoi, S., modified dolomites as catalysts for palm kernel oil transesterification (2007) Journal of Molecular Catalysis. A, Chemical, 276, pp. 24-33; Kaita, J., Mimura, T., Fukuoka, N., Hattori, Y. catalyst for transesterification, US Patent 6 407 269 B2, 2001Yang, Z., Xie, W., soybean oil transesterification over zinc oxide modified with alkali earth metals (2007) Fuel Processing Technology, 88, pp. 631-638; Zabeti, M., Daud, W.M.Ai.W., Aroua, M.K., Activity of solid catalysts for biodiesel production: a review (2009) Fuel Processing Technology, 90, pp. 770-777; Demirbas, A., biodiesel from sunflower oil in supercritical methanol with calcium oxide (2007) Energy Conversion and Management, 48, pp. 937-941; Granados, M.L., Poves, M.D.Z., Alonso, D.M., Mariscal, R., Galisteo, F.C., Moreno-Tost, R., Santamaría, J., Fierro, J.L.G., Biodiesel from sunflower oil by using activated calcium oxide (2007) Applied Catalysis. B, Environmental, 73, pp. 317-326; Benjapornkulaphong, S., Ngamcharussrivichai, C., Bunyakiat, K., Al2O3-supported alkali and alkali earth metal oxides for transesterification of palm kernel oil and coconut oil (2009) Chemical Engineering Journal, 145, pp. 468-474; Albuquerque, M.C.G., Jiménez-Urbistondo, I., Santamaría-González, J., Mérida-Robles, J.M., Moreno-Tost, R., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., Jiménez-López, A., Maireles-Torres, P., CaO supported on mesoporous silicas as basic catalysts for transesterification reactions (2008) Applied Catalysis. A, General, 334, pp. 35-43; Zabeti, M., Daud, W.M.Ai.W., Aroua, M.K., Optimization of the activity of CaO/Al2O3 catalyst for biodiesel production using response surface methodology (2009) Applied Catalysis. A, General, 366, pp. 154-159; David, F., Sandra, P., Wylie, P.L., (2003) Improving the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters using retention time locked methods and retention time databases, Agilent Application Note publication 5988-5871EN; Vicente, G., Martínez, M., Aracil, J., Optimization of integrated biodiesel production, part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yields (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 1724-1733; Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using SrO as a solid base catalyst (2007) Catalysis Communications, 8, pp. 1107-1111; Xie, W., Peng, H., Chen, L., Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by potassium loaded on alumina as a solid-base catalyst (2006) Applied Catalysis. A, General, 300, pp. 67-74; Xie, W., Peng, H., Chen, L., Calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts for methanolysis of soybean oil (2006) Journal of Molecular Catalysis. A, Chemical, 246, pp. 24-32
J S Lim, M A Hussain, M K Aroua (2010)  Control of a hydrolyzer in an oleochemical plant using neural network based controllers   Neurocomputing 73: 16-18. 3242-3255  
Abstract: Hydrolyzer is a commonly found unit operation in the splitting of crude palm oil into fatty acids and glycerol in the oleochemical industry of Malaysia. The control of this hydrolyzer has to be done carefully since efficiency in the control of this unit will affect the further yield of the process. At present conventional controllers such as the PID controller have been used to control the unit especially during startup and shutdown of the plant and under presence of disturbances. However experience shows that these PID controllers cannot efficiently handle random disturbance entering the plant. In this study, neural network have been applied as an alternative to cope with the nonlinear dynamics of the hydrolyzer. A mathematical model had been developed and used to simulate the dynamic responses of the temperatures when the controllers were applied into the system. Two types of control strategies namely, direct inverse controller (DIC) and internal model controller (IMC) were implemented, in simulation with actual industrial data, within the control system. The controllers were evaluated on the ability to track set-point and the ability to control the temperature when disturbances and noise appeared in the system. Based on the results, IMC was found to perform very well in the temperature control of the hydrolyzer during set-point tracking and disturbance tests. The responses generated by the IMC was much more stable as compared to the conventional controllers and when noise disturbance was taken into consideration, the IMC also performs better than the DIC controller. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):1 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: NRCGE :doi 10.1016/j.neucom.2010.04.021 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Hussain, M.A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; email: mohd_azlan@um.edu.my References: Salmiah, A., Kang, Y.M., Oleochemicals and other non-food applications of palm oil and palm oil products (1997) Malaysian Oil Science and Technology, Malaysia, 4 (1), pp. 24-44; Ting, K.S., An overview of the ASEAN oleochemical market (2001) Malaysian Oil Science and Technology, Malaysia, 10 (2), pp. 59-71; Aly, G., Ashour, I., Thermodynamic modeling for the oleochemical industry (1993) Computer and Chemical Engineering, 17 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 195-202; Hussain, M.A., Review of applications of neural networks in chemical process control-simulation and online implementation (1999) Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 13, pp. 55-68; Chen, L., Hontoir, Y., Huang, D., Zhang, J., Morris, A.J., Combining first principles with black-box techniques for reaction systems (2004) Control Engineering Practice, 12, pp. 819-826; Baughman, D.R., Liu, Y.A., (1995) Neural Networks in Bioprocessing and Chemical Engineering, , Academic Press, Inc., USA; Basuddo, M.S., Ceccatto, H.A., Predictive control methods for distillation columns using neural networks (1995) International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) Symposium, 95, pp. 171-175; Stevanovic, J.S., Neural net controller by inverse modelling for a distillation plant (1996) Computer Chemical Engineering, 20, pp. S925-S930; Dirion, J.-L., Cabassud, M., Le Lann, M.V., Casamatta, G., Development of adaptive neural networks for flexible control of batch processes (1996) The Chemical Engineering Journal, 63, pp. 65-77; Baratti, R., Servida, A., A feedforward control strategy for distillation columns (1997) Artifial Intelligence in Engineering, 11, pp. 405-412; Vieira, J., Dias, F.M., Mota, A., Artificial neural networks and neuro- fuzzy systems for modelling and controlling real systems: a comparative study (2004) Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence, 17, pp. 265-273; Daosud, W., Thitiyasook, P., Arpornwichanop, A., Kittisupakorn, P., Hussain, M.A., Neural network inverse model-based controller for the control of a steel pickling process (2005) Computers and Chemical Engineering, 29, pp. 2110-2119; Mujtaba, I.M., Aziz, N., Hussain, M.A., Neural network based modelling and control in batch reactor (2006) Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 84 (8), pp. 635-644; Abdul-Wahab, A.K., Hussain, M.A., Omar, R., Development of pars-ex pilot plant to study control strategies (2009) Control Engineering Practice, 17 (10), pp. 1220-1233; Hussain, M.A., Kershenbaum, L.S., Implementation of an inverse-model-based control strategy using neural networks as a partially simulated exothermic reactor (2000) Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 78 (21), pp. 299-311; Mujtaba, I.M., Greaves, M.A., Barolo, M., Trotta, A., Hussain, M.A., Neural network approach to dynamic optimization of batch distillation: application to a middle column (2003) Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 81 (3), pp. 393-401; Luyben, W.L., Wei, L., Eskinat, E., An improved autotune identification method (1991) Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 30 (7), pp. 1530-1541; Weinstein, O., Semiat, R., Lewin, D.R., Modeling, simulation and control of liquid-liquid extraction columns (1998) Chemical Engineering Science, 53, pp. 325-339; Jeffreys, G.V., Jenson, V.G., Edwards, R.E., (1962), A kinetic study of the hydrolysis of animal fats and vegetable oils in a batch hydrolyzerCussler, E.L., (1997) Diffusion Mass Transfer in Fluid System, , Cambridge University Press, USA
G Issabayeva, M K Aroua, N M Sulaiman (2010)  Study on palm shell activated carbon adsorption capacity to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions   Desalination 262: 1-3. 94-98  
Abstract: Commercially produced in Malaysia palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) was evaluated in terms of adsorption capacity to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions. The results of batch and continuous adsorption experiments showed high adsorption capacity of the untreated PSAC to adsorb copper ions at pH 3 and 5. Higher pH of aqueous solution showed higher uptake of copper. Presence of complexing agents, boric and malonic acids, did not improve copper uptake. Moreover, lower adsorption capacity was observed in the presence of malonic acid that is probably due to the complex formations between the agent and investigated metal. The observed trends for continuous adsorption of copper are in line with the results obtained for batch mode adsorption. Also, changes of the solutions’ initial pHs were measured and they are likely to be associated with the adsorbent’s composition and characteristics. In addition, removal of copper ions from the solutions containing lead ions showed that adsorption capacity of copper was not significantly different compared to the single copper ion system. Whereas, the uptake of lead ions onto activated carbon was substantially reduced in the presence of copper ions, especially at pH 5.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):16 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: DSLNA :doi 10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.051 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Issabayeva, G.; Faculty of Science and Engineering, University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: gulnaziya@utar.edu.my References: Sohn, I., Long-term projections of non-fuel minerals: we were wrong, but why? 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2009
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A Raman, N M Sulaiman (2009)  Rbd Palm Olein-Based Methyl/Ethyl Esters   Journal of Oil Palm Research 21: DECEMBER. 659-666  
Abstract: In this study, transesterification of refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein was carried out with methanol, ethanol and their mixtures at various methanol/ethanol ratios, while maintaining the molar ratio of oil to alcohol at 1:6. Potassium hydroxide was used as the catalyst. The process variables were temperature, methanol/ethanol molar ratio and amount of catalyst. The optimum biodiesel production yield was 98.10% when using a methanol/ethanol molar ratio of 4:2 and an alcohol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, a reaction time of 1 hr and a reaction temperature of 50°C. Physical and chemical properties of all the esters were also obtained and these parameters are reported. The physical properties of esters obtained from this study were found to be comparable with standard biodiesel specification of EN 14214. Analysis was also done to establish the differences in physical properties between biodiesel produced in this work and Malaysian petroleum diesel, data which is vital for blending purposes.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):2 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Baroutian, S.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Barnwal, B.K., Sharma, M.P., Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in india (2005) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 9, pp. 363-378; Campbell, I.B., New markets for bio-based energy and industrial feedstocks: Biodiesel -will there be enough? (2000) Proc. of the Agricultural Outlook Forum., , 24-25 February. Arlington, Virginia, USA; Choo, Y.M., Yung, C.L., Cheng, S.F., Ma, A.N., Chuah, C.H., Basiron, Y., Key fuel properties of palm oil alkyl esters (2005) Fuel, 84 (12-13), pp. 1717-1720. , DOI 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.02.010; Demtrbas, A., Biodiese production from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical methanol transesterification methods (2005) Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 31, pp. 466-487; Encinar, J.M., Gonzalez, J.F., Rodriguez, J.J., Tejedor, A., Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: Transesterification of Cynara cardunculus L. Oils with ethanol (2002) Energy and Fuels, 16 (2), pp. 443-450. , DOI 10.1021/ef010174h; Issariyakul, T., Kulkarni, M.G., Dalai, A.K., Bakhshi, N.N., Production of biodiesel from waste fryer grease using mixed methanol/ethanol system (2007) Fuel Processing Technology, 88 (5), pp. 429-436. , DOI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.04.007, PII S0378382007000069; Kulkarnl, M.C., Dalal, A.K., Bakhshl, N.N., Transesterification of canola oil in mixed methanol/ethanol system and use of esters as lubricity additive (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 2027-2033; Lang, X., Dalai, A.K., Bakhshi, N.N., Reaney, M.J., Hertz, P.B., Preparation and characterization of bio-diesels from various bio-oils (2001) Bioresource Technology, 80 (1), pp. 53-62. , DOI 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00051-7, PII S0960852401000517; (2006) Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics, pp. 15-68. , MPOB, MPOB, Bangi. Oil World (2008) Statistics Update. ISTA Mielke GmbH, Hamburg. 14 March 2008; Riley, W.W., (2004) The Canadian Biodiesel Industry: An Analysis of Potential Feedstocks, , Biodiesel Association of Canada; Sridharan, R., Mathai, I.M., Iransesterification reactions (1974) J. Scientific and Industrial Research, 33, pp. 178-187; Suwarno, F., Sitinjak, I.S., Luthfl, L., Study on the characteristics of palm oil and it’s derivatives as liquid insulating materials (2003) Proc. of the 7t1I Intemational Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, , 1-5 Jun 2003. Nagoya, Japan; Zhou, W., Konar, S.K., Boocock, D.G.V., Ethyl esters from the single-phase basecatalyzed ethanolysis of vegetable oils (2003) T Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 80, pp. 367-371
S Ghafari, M Hasan, M K Aroua (2009)  Nitrate remediation in a novel upflow bio-electrochemical reactor (UBER) using palm shell activated carbon as cathode material   Electrochimica Acta 54: 17. 4164-4171  
Abstract: This study investigated the biological denitrification method which is a treatment method able to reduce inorganic nitrate compounds to harmless nitrogen gas. Autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria were used in this study to prevent any problematic outcomes associated with heterotrophic microorganisms. An upflow bio-electrochemical reactor (UBER) was used to accommodate hydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria employing palm shell granular activated carbon (GAC) as the biocarrier and cathode material. Bicarbonate as the external inorganic carbon source was fed to the reactor and hydrogen as the electron donor was generated in situ through electrolysis of water. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to investigate the effects of two operating parameters, namely electric current (I) and hydraulic retention time (HRT), on performance of the UBER. Electric current range of 0-20 mA and HRT range of 6-36 h were examined and results showed that nitrate can be entirely reduced within application of a wide operational range of electric current (10-16 mA) as well as HRT (13.5-30 h). However, increase of pH at cathode zone up to 10.5 inhibited nitrite reduction, and it was not reduced to the satisfactory level.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):12 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: ELCAA :doi 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.062 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Glass, C., Silverstein, J., (1999) Water Res., 33, p. 223; Zhou, M., Fu, W., Gu, H., Lei, L., (2007) Electrochim. Acta, 52, p. 6052; Shrimali, M., Singh, K.P., (2001) Environ. Pollut., 112, p. 351; Moon, H.S., Ahn, K.-H., Lee, S., Nam, K., Kim, J.Y., (2004) Environ. Pollut., 129, p. 499; Moon, H.S., Chang, S.W., Nam, K., Choe, J., Kim, J.Y., (2006) Environ. Pollut., 144, p. 802; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., (2008) Bioresour. Technol., 99, p. 3965; Sakakibara, Y., Kuroda, M., (1993) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 42, p. 535; Sakakibara, Y.M., Nakayama, T., (2001) Water Res., 35, p. 768; Feleke, Z., Sakakibara, Y., (2002) Water Res., 36, p. 3092; Islam, S., Suidan, M.T., (1998) Water Res., 32, p. 528; Cast, K.L., Flora, J.R.V., (1998) Water Res., 32, p. 63; Moreno-Castilla, C., Bautista-Toledo, I., Ferro-García, M.A., Rivera-Utrilla, J., (2003) Carbon, 41, p. 1743; Park, H.I., Kim, D.K., Choi, Y.-J., Pak, D., (2005) Process Biochem., 40, p. 3383; Chih, C.C., Szu, K.T., Hsien, K.H., (1999) Bioresour. Technol., 69, p. 53; Coelhoso, I., Boaventura, R., Rodrigues, A., (1992) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 40, p. 625; Raihan, S., Ahmed, N., Macaskie, L.E., Lloyd, J.R., (1997) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 47, p. 352; Prosnansky, M., Sakakibara, Y., Kuroda, M., (2002) Water Res., 36, p. 4801; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 162, p. 1507; Kapoor, A., Viraraghavan, T., (1997) J. Environ. Eng., 123, p. 371; Adams, W., (2006) Handbook for Experimenters, Version 7.3, , Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA; Ghafari, S., Aziz, H.A., Isa, M.H., Zinatizadehd, A.A., (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 163, p. 650; Beg, Q.K., Sahai, V., Gupta, R., (2003) Process Biochem., 39, p. 203; Mason, R.L., Gunst, R.F., Hess, J.L., (2003) Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments, with Applications to Engineering and Science. 2nd ed., , Wiley, New York; Feleke, Z., Araki, K., Sakakibara, Y., Watanabe, T., Kuroda, M., (1998) Water Res., 32, p. 2728; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., (2007) W.M.A.W. Colloid Surf. A, 307, p. 128; Aroua, M.K., Leong, S.P.P., Teo, L.Y., Yin, C.Y., Daud, W.M.A.W., (2008) Bioresour. Technol., 99, p. 5786; Issabayeva, G., Aroua, M.K., Sulaiman, N.M., (2008) J. Hazard. Mater., 155, p. 109; Hayes, A.M., Flora, J.R.V., Khan, J., (1998) Water Res., 32, p. 2830
M K Aroua, C Y Yin, F N Lim, W L Kan, W M A W Daud (2009)  Effect of impregnation of activated carbon with chelating polymer on adsorption kinetics of Pb2+   Journal of Hazardous Materials 166: 2-3. 1526-1529  
Abstract: The effects of polyethyleneimine (PEI) impregnation on the Pb2+ adsorption kinetics of palm shell-activated carbon and pH profile of bulk solution were investigated. Adsorption data were fitted to four established adsorption kinetics models, namely, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich equation and intraparticle diffusion. It was found that PEI impregnation at 16.68 and 29.82 wt% PEI/AC increased the Pb2+ uptake rate while the opposite was observed for PEI impregnation at 4.76 and 8.41 wt% PEI/AC. The increased uptake rates were due to higher concentration of PEI molecules on the surface of clogged pores as well as varying pore volumes. The adsorption kinetics data fitted the pseudo-second-order model better than the pseudo-first-order model, implying chemisorption was the rate-controlling step. The bulk solution pH generally showed an increasing trend from the use of virgin to PEI-impregnated activated carbon.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):6 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JHMAD :doi 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.033 PubMed ID: 19168286 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CAScarbon, 7440-44-0; lead, 7439-92-1; Charcoal, 16291-96-6; Chelating Agents; Lead, 7439-92-1; Polyethyleneimine, 9002-98-6; Polymers; Water Pollutants, Chemical References: Issabayeva, G., Aroua, M.K., Sulaiman, N.M.N., Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon (2006) Bioresour. Technol., 97, pp. 2350-2355; Gercel, O., Gercel, H.F., Adsorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from biomass plant material of Euphorbia rigida (2007) Chem. Eng. J., 132, pp. 289-297; Xu, T., Liu, X., Peanut shell activated carbon: characterization, surface modification and adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution (2008) Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 16, pp. 401-406; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.A., Enhanced adsorption of metal ions on polyetyleneimine-impregnated palm shell activated carbon: equilibrium studies (2007) Water Air Soil Poll., 192, pp. 337-348; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.A., Impregnation of palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine and its effects on Cd2+ adsorption (2007) Colloids Surf. A, 307, pp. 128-136; Lu, J., Chen, R., He, X., A lead ion-selective electrode based on a calixarene carboxyphenyl azo derivative (2002) J. Electroanal. Chem., 528, pp. 33-38; Aroua, M.K., Leong, S.P.P., Teo, L.Y., Yin, C.Y., Daud, W.M.A.W., Real-time determination of kinetics of adsorption of lead(II) onto palm shell activated carbon (2008) Bioresour. Technol., 99, pp. 5786-5792; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.A., Optimization of polyethyleneimine impregnation on activated carbon: effects of impregnation amount and molecular number on textural characteristics and metal adsorption capacities (2008) Mater. Chem. Phys., 112, pp. 417-422; Yang, J., Peng, J., Jia, J., Fang, H., Adsorption of carbon disulfide CS2 in water by different types of activated carbon-equilibrium, dynamics, and mathematical modeling (2007) J. Environ. Eng., 133, pp. 294-302; Lagergren, S., Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloster stoffe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens (1898) Handlingar, 24, pp. 1-39; Demirbas, E., Kobya, M., Senturk, E., Ozkan, T., Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions on the activated carbons prepared from agricultural wastes (2004) Water SA, 30, pp. 533-540; Ho, Y.S., Citation review of Lagergren kinetic rate equation on adsorption reactions (2004) Scientometrics, 59, pp. 171-177; Chien, S.H., Clayton, W.R., Application of Elovich equation to the kinetics of phosphate release and sorption in soil (1980) Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, pp. 265-268; Weber, W.J., Morris, J.C., Advances in water pollution research: removal of biologically resistant pollutants from waste waters by adsorption (1962) Proceedings of the International Conference on Water Pollution Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 231-266; Ho, Y.S., McKay, G., The kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss peat (2000) Water Res., 34, pp. 735-742; Teng, H., Hsieh, C., Activation energy for oxygen chemisorption on carbon at low temperatures (1999) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38, pp. 292-297; Gupta, S.S., Bhattacharyya, K.G., Adsorption of Ni(II) on clays (2006) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 295, pp. 21-32
M K Aroua, C M Chew, M A Hussain (2009)  Modelling of chromium hexavalent reduction by ferrous ion in a batch stirred tank   Chemical Product and Process Modeling 4: 1.  
Abstract: In this paper mathematical models are proposed to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the reduction of Cr(VI) with Fe(II) in a batch stirred tank. Two approaches have been adopted to represent systems in non-equilibrium and quasi-equilibrium conditions. The models derived reflect the changes of the relevant reactant species concentration based on the Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) of the system. An automated pilot plant has been designed and commissioned to carry out on-line/real time data acquisition and control for this Cr(VI) reduction process experimentally. Both the quasi-equilibrium and non-equilibrium models were validated experimentally. Simulated and on-line results indicate distinctive ORP profiles pattern for these two processes. The ORP profiles for non-equilibrium processes show a distinctive pattern which indicates the complete reduction of Cr(VI) in the batch sample.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):1 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 12 :doi 10.2202/1934-2659.1222 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; University of MalayaMalaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Abdullah, S.R., (1999) Study and Control of Physicochemical Treatment Processes of Wastewater Via Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network, , PhD. Thesis, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Aguilar, R., Martinez, S.A., Rodriguez, M.G., Soto, G., Process analysis for treatment of industrial plating wastewater: Simulation and control approach (2005) Chemical Engineering Journal, 105, pp. 139-145; Barnes, D., Wilson, F., (1978) Chemistry and Unit Operations in Sewage Treatment, , Applied Science Publisher Ltd., London; Buerge, I.J., Hug, S.J., Kinetics and pH Dependence of Chromium(VI) Reduction by Iron(II) (1997) Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, pp. 1426-1432; Eary, L.E., Rai, D., Chromate removal from aqueous waste by reduction with ferrous ion (1998) Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, pp. 972-977; Eckenfelder, W.W., (2000) Industrial Water Pollution Control, , McGraw Hill; Erdem, M., Turmen, F., Chromium removal from aqueous solution by the ferrite process (2004) Journal of Hazardous Material, B109, pp. 71-77; Fendorf, S.E., Li, G.C., Kinetics of chromate reduction by ferrous iron (1996) Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, pp. 1614-1617; Gode, F., Pehlivan, E., Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by two Lewatitanion exchange resins (2005) Journal of Hazardous Materials, B119, pp. 175-182; Hunsom, M., Pruksathorn, K., Damronglerd, S., Vergnes, H., Duverneuil, P., Electrochemical treatment of heavy metals(Cu2+, Cr 6+, Cr2+) from industrial effluent and modeling of copper reduction (2005) Water Research, 39, pp. 610-616; Lakatos, M., Brown, S.D., Snape, C.E., Coals as sorbents for the removal and reduction of hexavalent chromium from aqueous waste streams (2002) Fuel, 81, pp. 691-698; McPherson, L., Understanding ORP systems (1994) Chemical Engineering, 101 (3), pp. 143-145. , March 1994; Mukhopadhyay, B., Sundquist, J., Schmitz, R.J., Removal of Cr(VI) from CR-contaminated groundwater through electrochemical addition Fe(II) (2007) Journal of Environmental Management, 82 (1), pp. 66-76; Park, D., Yun, Y.S., Lim, S.R., Park, J.M., Kinetic analysis and mathematical modeling of Cr(VI) removal in a differential reactor packed with ecklonia biomass (2006) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 16 (11), pp. 1720-1727; Pettine, M., Dottone, L., Campanella, L., Milllero, F.J., Passino, R., The reduction of chromium(VI) by iron (II) in aqueous solutions (1998) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, pp. 1509-1519; Sedlak, D.L., Chan, P.G., Reduction of hexavalent chromium by ferrous iron (1997) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61 (11), pp. 2185-2192
S Ghafari, M Hasan, M K Aroua (2009)  Effect of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate as inorganic carbon sources on growth and adaptation of autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria   Journal of Hazardous Materials 162: 2-3. 1507-1513  
Abstract: Acclimation of autohydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria using inorganic carbon source (CO 2 and bicarbonate) and hydrogen gas as electron donor was performed in this study. In this regard, activated sludge was used as the seed source and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technique was applied for accomplishing the acclimatization. Three distinct strategies in feeding of carbon sources were applied: (I) continuous sparging of CO 2, (II) bicarbonate plus continuous sparging of CO 2, and (III) only bicarbonate. The pH-reducing nature of CO 2 showed an unfavorable impact on denitrification rate; however bicarbonate resulted in a buffered environment in the mixed liquor and provided a suitable mean to maintain the pH in the desirable range of 7-8.2. As a result, bicarbonate as the only carbon source showed a faster adaptation, while carbon dioxide as the only carbon source as well as a complementary carbon source added to bicarbonate resulted in longer acclimation period. Adapted hydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria, using bicarbonate and hydrogen gas in the aforementioned pH range, caused denitrification at a rate of 13.33 mg NO 3 –N/g MLVSS/h for degrading 20 and 30 mg NO 3 –N/L and 9.09 mg NO 3 –N/g MLVSS/h for degrading 50 mg NO 3 –N/L.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):14 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JHMAD :doi 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.039 PubMed ID: 18639979 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASbicarbonate, 144-55-8, 71-52-3; carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; nitrate, 14797-55-8; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide, 124-38-9; Carbon, 7440-44-0; Sewage References: Terada, A., Hibiya, K., Nagai, J., Tsuneda, S., Hirata, A., Nitrogen removal characteristics and biofilm analysis of a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor applicable to high-strength nitrogenous wastewater treatment (2003) J. Biosci. Bioeng., 95 (2), pp. 170-178; Feleke, Z., Sakakibara, Y., A bio-electrochemical reactor coupled with adsorber for the removal of nitrate and inhibitory pesticide (2002) Water Res., 36, pp. 3092-3102; Islam, S., Suidan, M.T., Electrolytic denitrification: long term performance and effect of current intensity (1998) Water Res., 32 (2), pp. 528-536; Ghafari, S., Hasan, M., Aroua, M.K., Bio-electrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater-a review (2008) Bioresour. Technol., 99, pp. 3965-3974; Galvez, J.M., Gomez, M.A., Hontoria, E., Gonzalez-Lopez, J., Influence of hydraulic loading and air flowrate on urban wastewater nitrogen removal with a submerged fixed-film reactor (2003) J. Hazard. Mater., 101, pp. 219-229; Glass, C., Silverstein, J., Denitrification of high-nitrate, high-salinity wastewater (1999) Water Res., 33 (1), pp. 223-229; Shrimali, M., Singh, K.P., New methods of nitrate removal from water (2001) Environ. Pollut., 112, pp. 351-359; Szekeres, S., Kiss, I., Kalman, M., Soares, M.I.M., Microbial population in a hydrogen-dependent denitrification reactor (2002) Water Res., 36, pp. 4088-4094; Soares, M.I.M., Biological denitrification of groundwater (2000) Water Air Soil Pollut., 123, pp. 183-193; Killingstad, M.W., Widdowson, M.A., Smith, R.L., Modeling enhanced in situ denitrification in groundwater (2002) J. Environ. Eng., 128 (6), pp. 491-504; Kim, Y.S., Nakano, K., Lee, T.J., Kanchanatawee, S., Matsumura, M., On-site nitrate removal of groundwater by an immobilized psychrophilic denitrifier using soluble starch as a carbon source (2002) J. Biosci. Bioeng., 93 (3), pp. 303-308; Kapoor, A., Viraraghavan, T., Nitrate removal from drinking water-review (1997) J. Environ. Eng., 123 (4), pp. 371-380; Kurt, M., Dunn, I.J., Bourne, I.R., Biological denitrification of drinking water using autotrophic organisms with H 2 in a fluidized bed bioflim reactor (1987) Biotechnol. 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C Y Yin, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2009)  Fixed-bed adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution on polyethyleneimine-impregnated palm shell activated carbon   Chemical Engineering Journal 148: 1. 8-14  
Abstract: Fixed-bed adsorption studies with virgin and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-impregnated palm shell activated carbon (AC) as a media for the removal of single Ni2+ or Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution were conducted. The studies were conducted in a vertical down flow Perspex column with influent pH at 5 with either Ni2+ or Cu2+ had an influent concentration of 1 mmol/L. The adsorption data were fitted to three-well-established fixed-bed adsorption models, namely, bed-depth-service-time (BDST), Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. It was observed that PEI impregnation at 8.41 wt% had increased the breakthrough volume and service time of AC by factors of 2.1 (Cu2+) and 1.6 (Ni2+) as compared to virgin AC. For Cu2+ adsorption, the modelled BDST, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson curves were in very good agreement with the experimental curves while it was conversely true for Ni2+ adsorption.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):7 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CMEJA :doi 10.1016/j.cej.2008.07.032 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yin, C.Y.; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; email: yinyang@salam.uitm.edu.my References: Chen, J.P., Wang, X.Y., Removing copper, zinc and lead ion by granular activated carbon in pretreated fixed-bed columns (2000) Sep. Purif. Technol., 19, pp. 157-167; Monser, L., Adhoum, N., Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater (2002) Sep. Purif. Technol., 26, pp. 137-146; Ali, U.F.M., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., Modification of a granular palm shell based activated carbon by acid pre-treatment for enhancement of copper adsorption (2004) Proceedings of the Third Technical Postgraduate Symposium (TECHPOS’04) 15-16 December, pp. 75-79. , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Jia, Y.F., Thomas, K.M., Adsorption of cadmium ions on oxygen surface sites in activated carbon (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 1114-1122; Vladimir, S.J., Malik, D., Characterization and metal sorptive properties of oxidized active carbon (2002) J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 250, pp. 213-220; Park, S.J., Jang, Y.S., Pore structure and surface properties of chemically modified activated carbons for adsorption mechanism and rate of Cr(IV) (2002) J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 249, pp. 458-463; Mugisidi, D., Ranaldo, A., Soedarsono, J.W., Hikam, M., Modification of activated carbon using sodium acetate and its regeneration using sodium hydroxide for the adsorption of copper from aqueous solution (2007) Carbon, 45, pp. 1081-1084; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., Impregnation of palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine and its effects on Cd2+ adsorption (2007) Colloids Surf. A, 307, pp. 128-136; Issabayeva, G., (2005) Adsorption and electroreduction of copper and lead ions on palm shell activated carbon, , Ph.D. Thesis, University of Malaya, Malaysia; (2002) Malaysian Environmental Quality Report, , Department of Environment DOE, ISSN 0127-6433; Schurer, J.W., Hoedemaeker, P.H.J., Molenaar, I., Polyethyleneimine as tracer particle for (immuno) electron microscopy (1977) J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25, pp. 384-387; Chen, J.P., Yoon, J.T., Yiacoumi, S., Effects of chemical and physical properties of influent on copper sorption onto activated carbon fixed-bed columns (2003) Carbon, 41, pp. 1635-1644; Quek, S.Y., Al-Duri, B., Application of film-pore diffusion model for the adsorption of metal ions on coir in a fixed-bed column (2007) Chem. Eng. Process, 46, pp. 477-485; Chen, J.P., Wang, L., Characterization of metal adsorption kinetic properties in batch and fixed-bed reactors (2004) Chemosphere, 54, pp. 397-404; Juang, R.S., Chen, M.N., Measurement of binding constants of poly(ethylenimine) with metal ions and metal chelates in aqueous media by ultrafiltration (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, pp. 1935-1943; Brauch, V., Schlunder, E.U., The scale-up of activated carbon columns for water purification, based on results from batch tests (1975) Chem. Eng. Sci., 30, pp. 539-548; Kundu, S., Gupta, A.K., As(III) removal from aqueous medium in fixed bed using iron oxide-coated cement (IOCC): experimental and modeling studies (2007) Chem. Eng. J., 129, pp. 123-131; Singh, T.S., Pant, K.K., Experimental and modelling studies on fixed bed adsorption of As(III) ions from aqueous solution (2006) Sep. Purif. Technol., 48, pp. 288-296; Hutchins, R.A., New simplified design of activated carbon system (1973) Am. J. Chem. Eng., 80, pp. 133-138; Thomas, H.C., Heterogeneous ion exchange in a flowing system (1944) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 66, pp. 1664-1666; Yoon, Y.H., Nelson, J.H., Application of gas adsorption kinetics. Part 1. A theoretical model for respirator cartridge service time (1984) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 45, pp. 509-516; Malkoc, E., Nuhoglu, Y., Abali, Y., Cr(VI) adsorption by waste acorn of Quercus ithaburensis in fixed beds: prediction of breakthrough curves (2006) Chem. Eng. J., 119, pp. 61-68
M Zabeti, W M A Wan Daud, M K Aroua (2009)  Activity of solid catalysts for biodiesel production : A review   Fuel Processing Technology 90: 6. 770-777  
Abstract: Heterogeneous catalysts are promising for the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel. Unlike homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts are environmentally benign and could be operated in continuous processes. Moreover they can be reused and regenerated. However a high molar ratio of alcohol to oil, large amount of catalyst and high temperature and pressure are required when utilizing heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel. In this paper, the catalytic activity of several solid base and acid catalysts, particularly metal oxides and supported metal oxides, was reviewed. Solid acid catalysts were able to do transesterification and esterification reactions simultaneously and convert oils with high amount of FFA (Free Fatty Acids). However, the reaction rate in the presence of solid base catalysts was faster. The catalyst efficiency depended on several factors such as specific surface area, pore size, pore volume and active site concentration. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):132 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPTED :doi 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.010 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Wan Daud, W.M.A.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ashri@um.edu.my References: Lin, C.-Y., Lin, H.-A., Hung, L.-B., Fuel structure and properties of biodiesel produced by peroxidation process (2006) Fuel, 85, pp. 1743-1749; Pinto, A.C., Guarieiro, L.L.N., Rezende, M.J.C., Ribeiro, N.M., Torres, E.A., Lopes, W.A., de Pereira, P.A., de Andrade, J.B., Biodiesel: an overview (2005) Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 16, pp. 1313-1330; Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J.M., Gómez, J., López, F.J., Exhaust emissions from a diesel engine fueled with transesterified waste olive oil (2003) Fuel, 82, pp. 1311-1315; Dubé, M.A., Tremblay, A.Y., Liu, J., Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 639-647; 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M Zabeti, W M A W Daud, M K Aroua (2009)  Optimization of the activity of CaO/Al2O3 catalyst for biodiesel production using response surface methodology   Applied Catalysis a-General 366: 1. 154-159  
Abstract: In this work the response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with the central composite design (CCD) were used to optimize the activity of CaO/Al2O3 solid catalysts for the production of biodiesel. In order to measure the catalyst activity, we used palm oil as a representative raw material for the conversion to biodiesel. The biodiesel production was carried out in a batch laboratory scale reactor. The results showed that both the calcination temperature and the amount of calcium oxide loaded on the support had significant positive effects on the biodiesel yield. The maximum basicity and biodiesel yield obtained were about 194 Όmol/g and 94%, respectively. Overall, the catalyst showed high performance at moderate operating conditions and its activity was maintained after two cycles. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):37 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: ACAGE :doi 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.06.047 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Daud, W.M.A.W.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ashri@um.edu.my References: Dalai, A.K., Kulkarni, M.G., Meher, L.C., IEEE EIC Climate Change Tech Conf. EICCCC 2006 art, , 4057358; López, D.E., Goodwin Jr., J.G., Bruce, D.A., Lotero, E., (2005) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 295, pp. 97-105; Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A.A., Sulaiman, N.M.N., (2008) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, pp. 877-880; Arzamendi, G., Campo, I., Arguiñarena, E., Sánchez, M., Montes, M., Gandía, L.M., (2007) Chem. Eng. J., 134, pp. 123-130; Bournay, L., Casanave, D., Delfort, B., Hillion, G., Chodorge, J.A., (2005) Catal. Today, 106, pp. 190-192; Dossin, T.F., Reyniers, M.F., Berger, R.J., Marin, G.B., (2006) Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 67, pp. 136-148; Mbaraka, I.K., Shanks, B.H., (2006) JAOCS, 83, pp. 79-91; Dossin, T.F., Reyniers, M.-F., Berger, R.J., Marin, G.B., (2006) Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 67, pp. 136-148; Chorkendorff, I., Niemantsverdriet, J.W., (2003) Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics. second ed., , Wiley-VCH, Germany; Kim, H.-J., Kang, B.-S., Kim, M.-J., Park, Y.M., Kim, D.-K., Lee, J.-S., Lee, K.-Y., (2004) Catal. Today, 93-95, pp. 315-320; Xie, W., Peng, H., Chen, L., (2006) App. Catal., A: Gen., 300, pp. 67-74; Albuquerque, M.C.G., Jiménez-Urbistondo, I., Santamaría-González, J., Mérida-Robles, J.M., Moreno-Tost, R., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., Jiménez-López, A., Maireles-Torres, P., (2008) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 334, pp. 35-43; Demirbas, A., (2007) Energy Convers. Manage., 48, pp. 937-941; Granados, M.L., Poves, M.D.Z., Alonso, D.M., Mariscal, R., Galisteo, F.C., Moreno-Tost, R., Santamaría, J., Fierro, J.L.G., (2007) Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 73, pp. 317-326; Yang, Z., Xie, W., (2007) Fuel Process. Technol., 88, pp. 631-638; Xie, W., Huang, X., (2006) Catal. Lett., 107, pp. 53-59; Ramu, S., Lingaiah, N., Prabhavathi Devi, B.L.A., Prasad, R.B.N., Suryanarayana, I., Sai Prasad, P.S., (2004) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 276, pp. 163-168; D’Cruz, A., Kulkarni, M.G., Meher, L.C., Dalai, A.K., (2007) JAOCS, 84, pp. 937-943; Tiwari, A.K., Kumar, A., Raheman, H., (2007) Biomass Bioenergy, 31, pp. 569-575; Ghafari, S., Aziz, H.A., Hasnain, M.I., Zinatizadeh, A.K., (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 163 (2-3), pp. 650-656; Lima, A.A.G., Nele, M., Moreno, E.L., Andrade, H.M.C., (1998) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 171 (1), pp. 31-43; Yang, W.D., Hung, K.M., Hsieh, C.S., (2002) Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 333 (1-2), pp. 123-133; Vicente, G., Martínez, M., Aracil, J., (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98, pp. 1724-1733; Kuo, J., Bourell, D.L., (1997) J. Mater. Sci., 32, pp. 2687-2692; Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Yamanaka, S., Hidaka, J., (2008) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 334, pp. 357-365; Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., (2007) Catal. Commun., 8, pp. 1107-1111; Benjapornkulaphong, S., Ngamcharussrivichai, C., Bunyakiat, K., (2009) Chem. Eng. J., 145, pp. 468-474
S Ghafari, M Hasan, M K Aroua (2009)  Improvement of autohydrogenotrophic nitrite reduction rate through optimization of pH and sodium bicarbonate dose in batch experiments   Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 107: 3. 275-280  
Abstract: Accumulation of nitrite intermediate in autohydrogenotrophic denitrification process has been a challenging difficulty to tackle. This study showed that further growth of "true denitrifying" bacteria and adaptation to nitrite led to a faster reduction of nitrite than nitrate as a solution to circumvent nitrite accumulation. Moreover, two effective parameters namely pH and bicarbonate dose were optimized in order to achieve a better reduction rate. Sodium bicarbonate dose ranging from 20 to 2000 mg/L and pH in the range of 6.5-8.5 was selected to be examined employing 0.2 g MLVSS/L of reacclimatized denitrifying bacteria. Eleven runs of experiments were designed considering the interactive effect of these two operative parameters. A fairly close reduction time less than 4.5 h (&gt; 22.22 mg NO 2 –N/g MLVSS/h) was gained for the pH range between 7 and 8. The highest specific nitrite reduction rate at 25 mg NO 2 –N/g MLVSS/h was achieved applying 1000 mg NaHCO 3/L at pH 7.5 and 8. The pH was found to be the leading parameter and bicarbonate as the less effective parameter on nitrite reduction removal. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface design (RSM) were employed to develop a model as well as define the optimum condition. Using the experimental data, the developed quadratic model predicted optimum condition at pH 7.8 and sodium bicarbonate dose 1070 mg/L upon which denitrifiers managed to accomplish reduction within 3.5 h and attained the specific degradation rate of 28.57 mg NO 2 –N/g MLVSS/h.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):8 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JBBIF :doi 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.11.008 PubMed ID: 19269592 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASNitrites; Sodium Bicarbonate, 144-55-8
H Veny, S Baroutian, M K Aroua, M Hasan, A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2009)  Density of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil and its Methyl Esters : Measurement and Estimations   International Journal of Thermophysics 30: 2. 529-541  
Abstract: Density data as a function of temperature have been measured for Jatropha curcas seed oil, as well as biodiesel jatropha methyl esters at temperatures from above their melting points to 90 ° C. The data obtained were used to validate the method proposed by Spencer and Danner using a modified Rackett equation. The experimental and estimated density values using the modified Rackett equation gave almost identical values with average absolute percent deviations less than 0.03% for the jatropha oil and 0.04% for the jatropha methyl esters. The Janarthanan empirical equation was also employed to predict jatropha biodiesel densities. This equation performed equally well with average absolute percent deviations within 0.05%. Two simple linear equations for densities of jatropha oil and its methyl esters are also proposed in this study.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):12 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: IJTHD :doi 10.1007/s10765-009-0569-3 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Noureddini, H., Teoh, B.C., Clements, L.D., (1992) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, p. 12; Guibet, J.C., Faure-Birchem, E., (1999) Fuels and Engines: Technology, Energy, Environment, , Institut Francais du Petrole Publications - Editions Technip, Paris; Liew, K.Y., Seng, C.E., Oh, L.L., (1992) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, p. 2; Tate, R.E., Watts, K.C., Allen, C.A.W., Wilkie, K.I., (2006) Fuel, 85, pp. 7-8; Tat, M.E., Van Gerpen, J.H., (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, p. 2; Yuan, W., Hansen, A.C., Zhang, Q., (2003) Trans. ASABE, 46, p. 6; Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A., Sulaiman, N.M., (2008) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, p. 3; Demirbas, A., (2008) Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Util. Environ. Eff., 30, p. 1; Demirbas, A., (2008) Bioresour. Technol., 99, p. 5; Benjumea, P., Agudelo, J., Agudelo, A., (2008) Fuel, 87, p. 10; Demirbas, A., (2008) Fuel, 87, p. 8; Dzida, M., Prusakiewicz, P., (2008) Fuel, 87, p. 10; Aparicio, C., Guignon, B., Rodríguez-Antón, L.M., Sanz, P.D., (2007) J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 89, p. 1; GÌbitz, G.M., Mittelbach, M., Trabi, M., (1999) Bioresour. Technol., 67, p. 1; Raina, A.K., Gaikwad, B.R., (1987) J. Oil Technol. Assoc. India, 19; Gandhi, V.M., Cherian, K.M., Mulky, M.J., (1995) Food Chem. Toxicol., 33, p. 1; Bhakare, H.A., Kulkarni, A.S., Khotpal, R.R., Selokar, R.C., Sapkal, H.S., (1996) Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 58, p. 3; Clements, L.D., Blending rules for formulating biodiesel fuel, in liquid fuels and industrial products from renewable resources (1996) Proceedings of the Third Liquid Fuel Conference, , Nashville, TN; Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., Sherwood, T.K., (1987) The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th Edn., , McGraw-Hill, New York; Ambrose, D., Correlation and estimation of vapour-liquid critical properties. I. Critical Temperature of organic compounds (1978) NPL Rep. Chem., 92. , National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK; Ambrose, D., Correlation and estimation of vapour-liquid critical properties. I. Critical pressure and volume of organic compounds (1979) NPL Rep. Chem., 98. , National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK; Joback, K.G., (1984) A Unified Approach to Physical Property Estimation Using Multivariable Statistical Techniques, , Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Knapp, H., Doring, R., Oellrich, L., Plocker, U., Prausnitz, J.M., (1982) DECHMA Chem. Data Series, p. 6; Spencer, C.F., Danner, R.P., (1972) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 17, p. 2
(2009)  Removal of hexavalent chromium-contaminated water and wastewater : A review   Water Air and Soil Pollution 200: 1-4. 59-77  
Abstract: Cr(VI) is a well-known highly toxic metal, considered a priority pollutant. Industrial sources of Cr(VI) include leather tanning, cooling tower blowdown, plating, electroplating, anodizing baths, rinse waters, etc. This article includes a survey of removal techniques for Cr(VI)-contaminated aqueous solutions. A particular focus is given to adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, and electrochemical treatment methods. The primary objective of this article is to provide recent information about the most widely used techniques for Cr(VI) removal. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):66 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: WAPLA :doi 10.1007/s11270-008-9893-7 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. 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2008
M K Aroua, S P P Leong, L Y Teo, C Y Yin, W M A W Daud (2008)  Real-time determination of kinetics of adsorption of lead(II) onto palm shell-based activated carbon using ion selective electrode   Bioresource Technology 99: 13. 5786-5792  
Abstract: In this study, the kinetics of adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution onto palm shell-based activated carbon (PSAC) were investigated by employing ion selective electrode (ISE) for real-time Pb(II) and pH monitoring. Usage of ISE was very appropriate for real-time adsorption kinetics data collection as it facilitated recording of adsorption data at very specific and short time intervals as well as provided consistent kinetics data. Parameters studied were initial Pb(II) concentration and agitation speed. It was found that increases in initial Pb(II) concentration and agitation speed resulted in higher initial rate of adsorption. Pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion models were used to fit the adsorption kinetics data. It was suggested that chemisorption was the rate-controlling step for adsorption of Pb(II) onto PSAC since the adsorption kinetics data fitted both the pseudo second-order and Elovich models well.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):57 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BIRTE :doi 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.010 PubMed ID: 18023577 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; lead, 7439-92-1; Industrial Waste; Lead, 7439-92-1; Metals, Heavy References: Al-Qodah, Z., Adsorption of dyes using shale oil ash (2000) Water Res., 34 (17), pp. 4295-4303; Boyd, G.E., Adamson, A.W., Myers, L.S., The exchange adsorption of ions from aqueous solutions by organic zeolites: II. Kinetics (1947) J. Am. Chem. 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Parameters studied were initial Pb(II) concentration and agitation speed. It was found that increases in initial Pb(II) concentration and agitation speed resulted in higher initial rate of adsorption. Pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion models were used to fit the adsorption kinetics data. It was suggested that chemisorption was the rate-controlling step for adsorption of Pb(II) onto PSAC since the adsorption kinetics data fitted both the pseudo second-order and Elovich models well. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., keywords = Adsorption kinetics Ion selective electrode Palm shell-based activated carbon Pb(II) Activated carbon Adsorption Electrodes Lead pH effects Reaction kinetics aqueous solution diffusion electrode pH real time absorption article concentration (parameters) priority journal Arecaceae Electrochemistry Humans Industrial Waste Kinetics Lead Poisoning Malaysia Metals, Heavy Seeds, year = 2008
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A Abdul Raman, N M Nik Sulaiman (2008)  Estimation of vegetable oil-based Ethyl esters biodiesel densities using artificial neural networks   Journal of Applied Sciences 8: 17. 3005-3011  
Abstract: In this study a new approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been designed to predict the density of various vegetable oil-based ethyl esters biodiesel. The experimental densities data measured at various temperatures from 15 to 90°C at 1 °C interval were used to train the networks. The present work, applied a three layer back propagation neural network with nine neurons in the hidden layer. The results from the network are in good agreement with the measured data and the average absolute percent deviation are 0.35, 0.72, 0.54, 0.68 and 0.72% for the ethyl esters of palm, canola, corn and ricebran oil, respectively. The results of ANNs have also been compared with the results of theoretical estimations.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):2 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.3923/jas.2008.3005.3011 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdul Raman, A. A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A., Sulaiman, N.M., Density of palm oil-based methyl ester (2008) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, pp. 877-880; Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A., Sulaiman, N.M., Prediction of palm oil-based methyl ester biodiesel density using artificial neural networks (2008) J. Applied Sci. Data, 8, pp. 1938-1943; Durán, A., Lapuerta, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, J., Neural networks estimation of diesel particulate matter composition from transesterified waste oils blends (2005) J. Fuel., 84, pp. 2080-2085; Grossberg, S., Competitive learning: From interactive activation to adaptive resonance (1987) J. Cognitive Sci., 11, pp. 23-63; Liew, K.Y., Seng, C.E., Oh, L.L., Viscosities and densities of the Methyl Esters of some n-alkanoic acids (1992) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, pp. 155-158; Mitchell, T.M., (1997) Machine Learning, pp. 96-97. , 1stEdn., WCB-McGraw-Hill, Boston, ISBN: 0070428077; Noureddim, H., Teoh, B.C., Clements, L.D., Densities of vegetable oils and fatty acids (1992) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, pp. 1184-1188; Plocker, U., Knapp, H., Prausnitz, J., Calculation of high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria from a corresponding states correlation with emphasis on asymmetric mixtures (1978) J. Ind. Eng Chem. Process Design Dev., 17, pp. 324-332; Poling, B.E., Prausnitz, J.M., O’conell, J.P., (2000) The Properties of Gases and Liquids, pp. 14-15. , 5th Edn, McGraw-Hill, New York, ISBN: 0070116822/9780070116825; Ramadhas, A.S., Jayaraj, S., Muraleedharan, C., Padmakumari, K., Artificial neural networks used for the prediction of the octane number of biodiesel (2006) J. Renewable Energy, 31, pp. 2524-2533; Spencer, C.F., Danner, R.P., Improved equation for prediction of saturated liquid density (1972) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 17, pp. 236-241; Tate, R.A., Watts, K.C., Allen, C.A.W., Wilkie, K.I., The densities of three biodiesel fuels at temperatures up to 300°C (2006) J. Fuel, 85, pp. 1004-1009
M K Aroua, W M A W Daud, C Y Yin, D Adinata (2008)  Adsorption capacities of carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and methane on carbon molecular basket derived from polyethyleneimine impregnation on microporous palm shell activated carbon   Separation and Purification Technology 62: 3. 609-613  
Abstract: In this study, palm shell-based activated carbon (AC) was used as precursor in the production of carbon molecular basket (CMB) via impregnation of polyethyleneimine (PEI). The effects of amount of PEI impregnated on AC on carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and methane (CH4) adsorption capacities of CMB were investigated. Molecular basket was produced at PEI weight percentages of 0.06, 0.11, 0.13, 0.26, 0.27 and 0.28 wt%. Adsorption capacities of CO2, O2, N2 and CH4 were enhanced with increasing PEI impregnation from virgin AC to 0.26 wt% PEI/AC before the capacities decreased onwards for 0.28 and 0.29 wt% PEI/AC. The amount of PEI impregnation determined for optimum uptake of gas adsorption was 0.26 wt% PEI/AC. The maximum adsorption capacity for the gases follows the sequence: CO2 ≫ CH4 &gt; O2 &gt; N2 for all the CMB samples.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):18 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: SPUTF :doi 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.03.003 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Tan, J.S., Ani, F.N., Carbon molecular sieves produced from oil palm shell for air separation (2004) Sep. Purif. Technol., 35, pp. 47-54; Adinata, D., Daud, W.M.A.W., Aroua, M.K., Production of carbon molecular sieves from palm shell based activated carbon by pore sizes modification with benzene for methane selective separation (2007) Fuel Proc. Technol., 88, pp. 599-605; Daud, W.M.A.W., Ahmad, M.A., Aroua, M.K., Carbon molecular sieves from palm shell: effect of the benzene deposition times on gas separation properties (2007) Sep. Purif. Technol., 57 (2), pp. 289-293; Xu, X., Song, C., Andresen, J.M., Miller, B.G., Scaroni, A.W., Novel polyethyleneimine-modified mesoporous molecular sieve of MCM-41 type as high-capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture (2002) Energy Fuels, 16, pp. 1463-1469; Xu, X., Song, C., Miller, B.G., Scaroni, A.W., Adsorption separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas of natural gas-fired boiler by a novel nanoporous "molecular basket" adsorbent (2005) Fuel Proc. Technol., 86, pp. 1457-1472; Xu, X., Song, C., Andresen, J.M., Miller, B.G., Scaroni, A.W., Preparation and characterization of novel CO2 "molecular basket" adsorbents based on polymer modified mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 (2003) Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 62, pp. 29-45; Maroto-Valer, M.M., Tang, Z., Zhang, Y., CO2 capture by activated and impregnated anthracites (2005) Fuel Proc. Technol., 86, pp. 1487-1502; Przepiórski, J., Skrodzewicz, M., Morawski, A.W., High temperature ammonia treatment of activated carbon for enhancement of CO2 adsorption (2004) Appl. Surf. Sci., 225, pp. 235-242; Attia, A.A., Rashwan, W.E., Khedr, S.A., Capacity of activated carbon in the removal of acid dyes subsequent to its thermal treatment (2006) Dyes Pigments, 69, pp. 128-136; Tomaszewski, W., Gun’ko, V.M., Skubiszewska-Zieba, J., Leboda, R., Structural characteristics of modified activated carbons and adsorption of explosives (2003) J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 266, pp. 388-402; Swiatkowski, A., Pakula, M., Biniak, S., Walczyk, M., Influence of the surface chemistry of modified activated carbon on its electrochemical behaviour in the presence of lead(II) ions (2004) Carbon, 42, pp. 3057-3069; Zhou, L., Liu, X., Li, J., Wang, N., Wang, Z., Zhou, Y., Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon molecular sieve and its adsorption capacity for H2, N2, O2, CH4 and CO2 (2005) Chem. Phys. Lett., 413, pp. 6-9; Hu, Z., Vansant, E.F., Carbon molecular sieves produced from walnut shell (1995) Carbon, 33, pp. 561-567; Mochida, I., Yatsunami, S., Kawabuchi, Y., Nkayama, Y., Influence of heat treatment on the selective separation of CO2 in a model natural gas over molecular sieve carbons (1995) Carbon, 33, pp. 1611-1619; Reid, C.R., Thomas, K.M., Adsorption of gases on carbon molecular sieves used for air separation: linear adsorptives for kinetic selectivity (1999) Langmuir, 15, pp. 3206-3218; Valente-Nabais, J.M., Carrott, P.J.M., Ribeiro Carrott, M.M.L., Padre-Eterno, A.M., Menendez, J.A., Dominguez, A., Ortiz, A.L., New acrylic monolithic carbon molecular sieves for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separations (2006) Carbon, 44, pp. 1158-1165
M A Ahmad, W M A W Daud, M K Aroua (2008)  Adsorption kinetics of various gases in carbon molecular sieves (CMS) produced from palm shell   Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 312: 2-3. 131-135  
Abstract: Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) have been prepared from locally available palm shell of Tenera type by a thermal treatment technique involving carbonization followed by steam activation and benzene deposition technique. Carbonization of the dried palm shells was done at 900 °C for duration of 1 h followed by steam activation at 830 °C for 30-420 min to achieve activated carbons with different degree of burn-offs. The highest micropore volume of activated carbon obtained at 53.2% burn-off was found suitable to be used as a precursor for CMS production. Subsequent benzene deposition onto activated samples at temperature range from 600 to 900 °C for various benzene concentrations have resulted in a series of CMS with different kinetic selectivities. The molecular sieving behaviour of the CMS products was assessed by kinetic adsorption isotherms of O2, N2, CO2 and CH4 at room temperature. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):13 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CPEAE :doi 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.06.040 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmad, M.A.; School of Chemical Engineering, University Science of Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal, 14300 Penang, Malaysia; email: chazmier@eng.usm.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; benzene, 71-43-2; carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; methane, 74-82-8; nitrogen, 7727-37-9; oxygen, 7782-44-7 References: Ngan, M.A., (2002) Palm Oil Eng. Bull., 65, p. 24; Wan Daud, W.M.A., Wan Ali, W.S., (2004) Biores. Technol., 93, p. 63; Casa-Lillo, M.A., Alcañiz-Monge, J., Raymundo-Piñero, E., Cazorla-Amorós, D., Linares-Solano, A., (1998) Carbon, 36, p. 1353; Vyas, S.N., Patwardhan, S.R., Vijayalakshmi, S., Ganesh, K.S., (1994) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 168, p. 275; Kim, T.H., Vijayalakshmi, S., Son, S.J., Kim, J.D., (2002) J. Porous Mater., 9, p. 279; Zhonghua, H., Vansant, E.F., (1995) Carbon, 33, p. 561; David, E., Talaie, A., Stanciu, V., Nicolae, A.C., (2004) J. Mater. Process. Technol., 157, p. 290; Nguyen, C., Do, D.D., (1717) Carbon, 33 (1995); Samaras, P., Dabou, X., Sakellaropoulos, G.P., (1998) J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 52, p. 717; Lozano-Castello, D., Alcaniz-Monge, J., Cazorla-Amorós, D., Linares-Solano, A., Zhu, W., Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J.A., (2005) Carbon, 43, p. 1643; Miura, K., (1999) Catal. Soc. Jpn., 41, p. 25; Tan, J.S., Ani, F.N., (2004) Sep. Purif. Technol., 35, p. 47; Villar-Rodil, S., Navarrete, R., Denoyel, R., Albiniak, A., Parades, J.I., Martinez-Alonso, A., Tascon, J.M.D., (2005) Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 77, p. 109; Cabrera, A.L., Zehner, J.E., Coe, C.G., Gaffney, T.R., Farris, T.S., Armor, J.N., (1993) Carbon, 31, p. 969; Vyas, S.N., Patwardhan, S.R., Gangadhar, B., (1992) Carbon, 30, p. 605; Freitas, M.M.A., Figueiredo, J.L., (2001) Fuel, 80, p. 1; Kawabuchi, Y., Masahiro, K., Shizuo, K., Whitehurst, D.D., Mochida, I., (1996) Langmuir, 12, p. 4281; Zhang, T., Walawender, W.P., Fan, L.T., (2005) Biores. Technol., 96, p. 1929; Jasieńko-Hałat, M., Kedzior, K., (2005) Carbon, 43, p. 944; Horvath, G., Kawazoe, K., (1983) J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 16, p. 470; Daguerre, E., Guillot, A., Py, X., (2000) Carbon, 38, p. 59; De Salazar, C.G., Sepúlveda-Escribano, A., Rodríguez-Reinoso, F., (2005) Adsorption, 11, p. 663
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2008)  Densities of ethyl esters produced from different vegetable oils   Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 53: 9. 2222-2225  
Abstract: Biodiesel density data as a function of temperature is needed to model the combustion process. In this work, the densities of ethyl ester biodiesel obtained from various vegetable oils were measured at various temperatures from (15 to 90)°C. The data obtained were used to validate the method proposed by Spencer and Danner using a modified Rackett equation. The experimental and estimated density values using the modified Rackett equation gave almost identical values with deviations less than (0.21, 0.35, 0.22, 0.15, and 0.24) % for the ethyl esters of palm, soybean, canola, corn, and ricebran oil, respectively. Simple linear equations for density of various vegetable oil ethyl ester biodiesels are also proposed in this work.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):12 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JCEAA :doi 10.1021/je8002783 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Demirbas, A., Mathematical relationship derived from biodiesel fuels (2008) Energy Sources, 30, pp. 56-69; Demirbas, A., Studies on cottonseed oil biodiesel prepared in non-catalytic SCF conditions (2008) Bioresour. Technol, 99, pp. 1125-1130; Liew, K.Y., Seng, C.E., Oh, L.L., Viscosities and Densities of the Methyl Esters of Some n-Alkanoic Acids (1992) JAOCS, 69, pp. 155-158; Tate, R.A., Watts, K.C., Allen, C.A.W., Wilkie, K.I., The densities of three biodiesel fuels at temperatures up to 300°C (2006) Fuel, 85, pp. 1004-1009; Tat, M.E., Van Gerpen, J.H., The specific gravity of biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 77, pp. 115-119; Noureddini, H., Teoh, B.C., Clements, L.D., Densities of Vegetable Oils and Fatty Acids (1992) JAOCS, 69, pp. 1184-1188; Yuan, W., Hansen, A.C., Zhang, Q., Predicting the physical properties of biodiesel for combustion modeling (2003) Trans. ASAE, 46, pp. 1487-1493; Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A., Sulaiman, N.M.N., Density of Palm Oil-Based Methyl Ester (2008) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, pp. 877-880; Benjumea, P., Agudelo, J., Agudelo, A., Basic properties of palm oil biodiesel-diesel fuel (2008) Fuel, 87, pp. 2069-2075; Demirbas, A., Relationship derived from physical properties of vegetable oils and biodiesel fuels (2008) Fuel, 87, pp. 1743-1748; Dzida, M., Prusakiewicz, P., The effect of temperature and pressure on the physicochemical properties of petroleum diesel oil and biodiesel fuel (2008) Fuel, 87, pp. 1941-1948; Aparicio, C., Guignon, B., Rodríguez-Antón, L.M., Sanz, P.D., Determination of rapeseed methyl ester oil volumetric properties in high pressure (0.1 to 350 MPa) (2009) Therm. Anal. Calorim, 89, pp. 13-19; Bettin, H., Spieweck, F., Die Dichte des Wassers als Funktion der Temperatur nach EinfÃŒhrung der Internationalen Temperaturskala von 1990. (1990) PTB-Mitt, 100, pp. 195-196; Poling, B.E., Prausnitz, J.M., O’Conell, J.P., (2004) The Properties of Gases and Liquids, , 5th ed, McGraw-Hill: New York, N.Y; Joback, K.G., (1984) A unified approach to physical property estimation using multivariable statistical techniques, , Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Jun; Ambrose, D., Correlation and Estimation of Vapour-Liquid Critical Properties. 1. Critical Temperature of Organic Compounds (1980) NPL Rep. Chem, 92. , National Physical Laboratory: Teddington, 1978; corrected; Ambrose, D., Correlation and Estimation of Vapour-Liquid Critical Properties. I. Critical Pressure and Volume of Organic Compounds (1979) NPL Rep. Chem, 98. , National Physical Laboratory: Teddington; Lydersen, A.L., (1955) Estimation of Critical Properties of Organic Compounds, , Eng. Exp. Stn. Rrpt. 3; University Wisconsin, Coll. Eng, Madison, WI, April; Meissner, H.P., Critical Constants from Parachor and Molar Refraction (1949) Chem. Eng. Prog, 45, pp. 149-153; Rechsteiner, C.E., 12 Boiling point (1982) Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, pp. 1-55. , Lyman, W. J, Reehl, W. F, Eds, McGraw-Hill: New York; Sugden, S., The influence of the orientation of surface molecules on the surface tension of pure liquids (1924) J. Chem. Soc, 125, pp. 1167-1189; Knapp, H., Doring, R., Oellrich, L., Plocker, U., Prausnitz, J.M., Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Mixtures of Low Boiling Substances Chem Ser, 1982. , Data, VI, DECHEMA; Spencer, C.F., Danner, R.P., Improved equation for prediction of saturated liquid density (1972) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 17, pp. 236-241; Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., Sherwood, T.K., (1987) The Properties of Gases and Liquids, , 4th ed, McGraw-Hill: New York, N.Y
M A Ahmad, Daud Wmaw, M K Aroua (2008)  CO(2)/CH(4) and O(2)/N(2) kinetic selectivities of oil palm shell-based carbon molecular sieves   Journal of Oil Palm Research 20: 453-460  
Abstract: Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) have become an interesting area of adsorption due to their microporous nature and favourable separation factor on size and shape selectivity basis for many gaseous systems. In this work, CMS were prepared from locally available oil palm shell by thermal treatment of carbonization followed by steam activation, then benzene deposition. The carbonization of dried palm shell at 900 degrees C for 1 hr followed by steam activation at 30-420 min produced activated carbons with various degrees of burn-off. The highest micropore surface area and micropore volume of the activated samples were obtained at 53.2% burn-off. This sample was found suitable to be used as precursor for CMSs production in the deposition step. Subsequent benzene deposition onto activated samples at temperatures from 600 degrees C-900 degrees C for various benzene concentrations resulted in a series of CMS with different O(2)/N(2) and CO(2)/CH(4) kinetic selectivities.
Notes: Times Cited: 5 Ahmad, M. A. Daud, W. M. A. Wan Aroua, M. K.
M A Ahmad, W Ma Wan Daud, M K Aroua (2008)  C02/Ch4 And 02/N2 kinetic selectivities of oil palm shell-based carbon molecular sieves   Journal of Oil Palm Research 20: JUNE. 453-460  
Abstract: Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) have become an interesting area of adsorption due to their micro porous nature and favourable separation factor on size and shape selectivity basis for many gaseous systems. In this work, CMS were prepared from locally available oil palm shell by thermal treatment of carbonization followed by steam activation, then benzene deposition. The carbonization of dried palm shell at 900 Cfor 1 hr followed by steam activation at 30-420 mm produced activated carbons with various degrees of burn-off. The highest micropore surface area and micropore volume of the activated samples were obtained at 53.2% burn-off. This sample was found suitable to he used as precursor for CMSs production in the deposition step. Subsequent henzene deposition onto activated samples at temperatures from 600C-900C for various henzene concentrations resulted in a series of CMS with different 02/N2 and C02/CH4 kinetic selectivities.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):8 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmad, M.A.; School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sen Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; email: chazmier@eng.usm.my References: Abdullah, R., Lazim, M.A., Production and price forecast for Malaysian palm oil (2006) Oil Palm Industry Economic Journal, 6 (1), pp. 39-45; Cabrera, A.L., Zellner, J.F., Coe, C.G., Gaffney, T.R., Farris, T.S., Armor, J.N., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves, I. Two-step hydrocarbon deposition with a single hydrocarbon (1993) Carbon, 31 (6), pp. 969-976. , DOI 10.1016/0008-6223(93)90200-T; De La Casa-Lillo, M.A., Alcaniz-Monge, J., Raymundo-Pinero, E., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Solano, A., Molecular sieve properties of general-purpose carbon fibres (1998) Carbon, 36 (9), pp. 1353-1360. , PII S0008622398001201; Daguerre, E., Guillot, A., Py, X., Microporosity of activated carbons produced from heat-treated and fractionated pitches (2000) Carbon lT, 38 (1), pp. 59-64; David, E., Talaie, A., Stanciu, V., Nicolae, A.B., Synthesis of carbon molecular sieves by benzene pyrolysis over microporous carbon materials (2004) I. of Matei Processing Techn., 157, pp. 290-296; De Salazar, C.G., Sepulveda-Escribano, A., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves by pyrolytic carbon deposition (2005) Adsorption, 11 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 663-667. , DOI 10.1007/s10450-005-6003-7; Freitas M, M.A., Figueiredo, J.L., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves for gas separations by modification of the pore sizes of activated carbons (2001) Fuel, 80 (1), pp. 1-6; Gergova, K., Petrov, N., Minkova, V., A comparison of adsorption characteristics of various activated carbons (1993) Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 56 (1), pp. 77-82; Harimi, M., Ahmad, M., Sapuan, S.M., Idris, A., Numerical analysis of emission component from incineration of palm oil wastes (2005) Biomass and Bioenergy, 2 (8), pp. 339-345. , (3; Hazeleger M, C.M., Martinez I, M.M., Microporosity development by CO2 activation of an anthracite studied by physical adsorption of gases, mercury porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (1992) Carbon, 30, pp. 695-709; Jasienko-Halat, M., Kedzior, K., Comparison of molecular sieve properties in microporous chars from low-rank bituminous coal activated by steam and carbon dioxide (2005) Carbon, 43 (5), pp. 944-953. , DOI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.11.024, PII S0008622304006955; Kawabuchi, Y., Kishino, M., Kawano, S., Whitehurst, D., Mochida, I., Carbon deposition from benzene and cyclohexane onto active carbon fiber to control its pore size (1996) Langmuir, 12 (17), pp. 4281-4285; Kim, T.H., Vijayalakshml, S., Son, S.I., Kim, I.B., The pore mouth tailoring of coal and coconut char through acid treatment followed by coke deposition (2002) T Porous Mate;c, 9, pp. 279-286; Lozano-Castello, D., Alcaniz-Monge, J., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Solano, A., Zhu, W., Kapteijn, F., Moulijn, J.A., Adsorption properties of carbon molecular sieves prepared from an activated carbon by pitch pyrolysis (2005) Carbon, 43 (8), pp. 1643-1651. , DOI 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.01.042, PII S0008622305000862; Miura, K., Performance of molecular sieving carbon with controlled micropores (1999) Catal. Soc. Jpn., 41 (1), pp. 25-30; Ngan, M.A., Carbon credit from palm, biogas and biodiesel (2002) Palm Oil Engineering Bulletin, 65, pp. 24-26; Nguyen, B., Do, D.B., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves from macadamia nut shells (1995) Carbon, 33 (12), pp. 1717-1725; Samaras, P., Dabou, X., Sakellaropoulos, G.P., Thermal treatment of lignite for carbon molecular sieve production (1998) Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 52 (3), pp. 717-728; Tan, I.S., Ani, F.N., Carbon molecular sieves produced from oil palm shell for air separation (2004) Sep. and Purif. Techn., 35 (1), pp. 47-54; Villar-Rodil, S., Denoyel, R., Rouquerol, I., Martinez-Alonso, A., Tascon I, M.B., Fibrous carbon molecular sieves by chemical vapor deposition of benzene (2002) Chem. Mater., 14 (10), pp. 4328-4333; Villar-Rodil, S., Navarrete, R., Denoyel, R., Albiniak, A., Parades, I.I., Martinezalonso, A., Tascon I, M.B., Carbon molecular sieves cloths prepared by chemical vapor deposition of methane for separation of gas mixtures (2005) Micro porous and Meso pores Mate, 77 (2), pp. 109-118; Vyas, S.N., Pat Wardhan, S.R., Viiayalakshml, S., Ganesh, K.S., Adsorption of gases on carbon molecular sieves (1994) J. 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S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2008)  Prediction of palm oil-based methyl ester biodiesel density using artificial neural networks   Journal of Applied Sciences 8: 10. 1938-1943  
Abstract: In this study, a new approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been designed to estimate the density of pure palm oil-based methyl ester biodiesel. The experimental density data measured at various temperatures from 14 to 90°C at 1°C intervals were used to train the networks. The present research, applied a three layer back propagation neural network with seven neurons in the hidden layer. The results from the network are in good agreement with the measured data and the average absolute percent deviation is 0.29%. The results of ANNs have also been compared with the results of empirical and theoretical estimations. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):7 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.3923/jas.2008.1938.1943 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Raman, A.A.A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A., Sulaiman, N.M., Density of palm oil-based methyl ester (2007) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 532 (12). , In Press; Clements, L.D., Blending Rules for Formulating Biodiesel Fuel (1996) Liquid Fuels and Industrial Products from Renewable Resources. Proceedings of the 3rd Liquid Fuel Conference, pp. 44-53. , Nashville, TN, September 15-17, pp; Duran, A., Lapuerta, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, J., Neural networks estimation of diesel particulate matter composition from transesterified waste oils blends (2005) J. Fuel, 84 (16), pp. 2080-2085; Hetch-Nielsen, R., Kolmogorov’s apping neural networks existence theorem (1987) Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International. Conference on Neural Networks, 3, p. 11. , San Diego, CA; Knapp, H., Doring, R., Oellrich, L., Plocker, U., Prausnitz, J.M., (1982) Vapor-liquid equilibria for mixtures of low boiling substances. Chemistry Data Series, 6. , DECHEMA: Frankfurt am Main; Kumar, J., Bansal, A., Selection of best neural network for estimating properties of diesel-biodiesel blends (2007) Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, , Knowledge Engineering and Data Bases, Corfu Island, Greece; Lau, C., (1991) Neural Networks: Theoretical Foundation and Analysis, , IEEE Press. Piscataway, NJ, USA; Liew, K.Y., Seng, C.E., Oh, L.L., Viscosities and densities of the methyl esters of some n-alkanoic acids (1992) JAOCS, 69 (2), pp. 155-158; Noureddini, H., Teoh, B.C., Clements, L.D., Densities of vegetable oils and fatty acids (1992) JAOCS, 69 (12), pp. 1184-1188; Parker, D.B., Learning Logic (1985), Technical Report TR-47. Center for Computational Research in Economics and Management Science. MassachuSetts. Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MAPlocker, U., Knapp, H., Prausnitz, Calculation of high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria from a corresponding states correlation with emphasis on asymetric mixtures (1978) J. Ind. Eng Chem. Process Des. Dev, 17 (3), pp. 324-332; Ramadhas, A.S., Jayaraj, S., Muraleedharan, C., Padmakumari, K., Artificial neural networks used for the prediction of the cetane number of biodiesel (2006) J. Renewable Energy, 31 (15), pp. 2524-2533; Rumelhart, D.E., Hinton, G.E., Williams, R.J., Learning representations by back propagating errors (1986) J. Nat, 323 (6088), pp. 533-536; Spencer, C.F., Danner, R.P., Improved equation for prediction of saturated liquid density (1972) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 17 (2), pp. 236-241; Spretcher, D.A., On the Structure of continuous functions of several variables (1965) Transfer Am. Math. Soc, 115 (3), p. 340; Tate, R.A., Watts, K.C., Allen, C.A.W., Wilkie, K.I., The densities of three biodiesel fuels at temperatures up to 300°C (2006) J. Fuel, 85 (7-8), pp. 1004-1009; Werbos, P., (1974) Beyond Regression: New tools for prediction and analysis in behavioral sciences, , Ph.D Thesis, Harvard University
V S Sethu, A R Aziz, M K Aroua (2008)  Recovery and reutilisation of copper from metal hydroxide sludges   Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 10: 2. 131-136  
Abstract: Sludges generated from electroplating wastewaters contain high concentrations of metals. Studies have confirmed that the concentrations of several metals in the sludge exceed that of those found in natural ores. A very good example is in the case of copper. The natural copper ore contains less than 1% of copper, whereas copper precipitate sludges from the electroplating industry may have an average of 5-10% of copper. Thus, they are one of the largest sources of untapped metal-bearing secondary materials amenable to metals recovery. In Malaysia, most of these metal-bearing sludges are disposed in specially engineering landfills, as many of them do not have the proper incentives and recovery technology. Very less metal recovery is being carried out, and there seems to be a huge waste in these valuable metal resources. With regards to that, an experimental study was carried out to develop and optimise a method of copper recovery from metal hydroxide sludges. Sludge samples containing high concentrations of copper were obtained from a local electroplating plant for the study. A procedure based upon mineral acid leaching or solubilisation was carried out. Two different types of acids, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H 2SO 4) were used to compare the extractability of copper. Experiments were conducted at various acid concentrations and temperatures to determine the maximum amount of copper recoverable. From the results obtained, maximum copper (95%) was solubilised using H 2SO 4 of 10 M at temperature 110°C, for a leaching period of 4 h. These copper concentrated solutions were then heated and crystallised to form CuSO 4 crystals. These crystals were then washed with water and purified. They can be then further treated and reutilised in the metallurgical industry. This study introduces a sustainable method of utilising an electroplating sludge containing valuable metals.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.1007/s10098-007-0133-4 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Sethu, V. S.; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor 43500, Malaysia; email: Vasanthi.Sethu@nottingham.edu.my References: Borchardt, J., Redman, W., Jones, G., Sprague, R., (1980) Sludge and Its Ultimate Disposal, , Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc Michigan; Fikri, M.Y., (2003) Effects of Metal Hydroxide Sludge Addition in Fired Clay Bricks, , Master’s Thesis, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Lo, K.S.L., Chen, Y.H., Extracting heavy metals from municipal and industrial sludges (1990) J Sci Total Environ, 90, pp. 99-116; Oliver, B.G., Carey, J.H., (1976) The Removal and Recovery of Metals from Sludge and Incinerator Ash, , Ontario Ministry of the Environment Project no 74-3-15; Scott, D.S., Extraction of metals from sewage sludge (1980) Can J Chem Eng, 58, pp. 673-677; Vesilind, P., Spinosa, L., (2001) Sludge into Biosolids: Processing, Disposal and Utilization, , IWA Publishing, London; Wallace, R., (1978), US Patent 4 082 546Yeoh, H.K., (1999) Study of Electrodeposition of Dilute Heavy Metal Cations on Glassy Carbon Using Volummetric Techniques, , Master’s Thesis, University of Malaya, Malaysia
C Y Yin, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2008)  Enhanced adsorption of metal ions onto polyethyleneimine-impregnated palm shell activated carbon : Equilibrium studies   Water Air and Soil Pollution 192: 1-4. 337-348  
Abstract: In this study, palm shell activated carbon was impregnated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the effect of impregnation on batch adsorption of Ni2+, Cd2+or Pb2+ as well as the equilibrium behavior of adsorption of metal ions on PEI-impregnated AC were investigated. PEI impregnation evidently increased the single metal adsorption capacities of Ni2+ or Cd2+except for Pb2+, where its adsorption capacities were reduced by 16.67% and 19.55% for initial solution pH of 3 and 5 respectively. This suggested that PEI-impregnated AC could be used for selective separation of Pb2+ ions from other metal ions. The adsorption data of all the metal ions on both virgin and PEI-impregnated AC for both initial solution pH of 3 and 5 generally fitted the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms considerably better than the Freundlich isotherm.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):6 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: WAPLA :doi 10.1007/s11270-008-9660-9 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yin, C. Y.; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; email: yinyang@salam.uitm.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; cadmium, 22537-48-0, 7440-43-9; lead, 7439-92-1; nickel, 7440-02-0; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7 References: Ali, U.F.M., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., Modification of a granular palm shell based activated carbon by acid pre-treatment for enhancement of copper adsorption (2004) Third Technical Postgraduate Symposium, , Paper presented at the, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December; Brown, P., Jefcoat, I.A., Parrish, D., Gill, S., Graham, E., Evaluation of the adsorptive capacity of peanut hull pellets for heavy metals in solution (2000) Advances in Environmental Science, 4, pp. 19-29; Chingombe, P., Saha, B., Wakeman, R.J., Effect of surface modification of an engineered activated carbon on the sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and benazolin from water (2006) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 297, pp. 434-442; Dastgheib, S.A., Rockstraw, D.A., A model for the adsorption of single metal ion solutes in aqueous solution onto activated carbon produced from pecan shells (2002) Carbon, 40, pp. 1843-1851; Daud, W.M.A.W., Ali, W.S.W., Sulaiman, M.Z., Effect of activation temperature on pore development in activated carbon produced from palm shell (2002) Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 78, pp. 1-5; Demirbas, E., Kobya, M., Öncel, S., Sencan, S., Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto hazelnut shell activated carbon: Equilibrium studies (2002) Bioresource Technology, 84, pp. 291-293; (2002) Malaysian Environmental Quality Report, , Department of Environment (DOE) ISSN 0127-6433; Freundlich, H., Adsorption in solution (1906) Physical Chemistry Society, 40, pp. 1361-1368; Gustafsson, J.P., (2006) VMINTEQ 2.50 Software Manual, , http://www.lwr.kth.se/English/OurSoftware/vminteq, Retrieved January 2006 from; Hawari, A.H., Mulligan, C.N., Biosorption of lead(II), cadmium(II), copper(II) and nickel(II) by anaerobic granular biomass (2006) Bioresource Technology, 97, pp. 692-700; Hussein, M.Z., Tarmizi, R.S.H., Zainal, Z., Ibrahim, R., Badri, M., Preparation and characterization of active carbons from oil palm shells (1996) Carbon, 34, pp. 1447-1454; Issabayeva, G., (2005) Adsorption and Electroreduction of Copper and Lead Ions on Palm Shell Activated Carbon, , Dissertation, University of Malaya; Issabayeva, G., Aroua, M.K., Sulaiman, N.M.N., Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon (2006) Bioresource Technology, 97, pp. 2350-2355; Jia, Y.F., Thomas, K.M., Adsorption of cadmium ions on oxygen surface sites in activated carbon (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 1114-1122; Kislenko, V.N., Oliynyk, L.P., Complex formation of polyethyleneimine with copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) ions (2002) Journal of Polymer Science a, 40, pp. 914-922; Kobya, M., Demirbas, E., Senturk, E., Ince, M., Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from apricot stone (2005) Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 1518-1521; Kokorin, A.I., Lymar, S.V., Parmon, V.N., Structure of the polymer coil of branched polyethyleneimine in solution in the presence of copper ions (1981) Polymer Science USSR, 23, pp. 2209-2214; Kumar, K.V., Sivanesan, S., Sorption isotherm for safranin onto rice husk (2007) Dyes and Pigments, 72, pp. 130-133; Langmuir, I., The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica, and platinum (1918) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 40, pp. 1361-1368; Lopez-Ramon, M.V., Stoeckli, F., Moreno-Castilla, C., Carasco-Martin, F., On the characterisation of acidic and basic surface sites on carbons by various techniques (1999) Carbon, 37, pp. 1215-1221; Lua, A.C., Guo, J., Preparation and characterization of chars from oil palm waste (1998) Carbon, 36, pp. 1663-1670; Maroto-Valer, M.M., Tang, Z., Zhang, Y., CO2 capture by activated and impregnated anthracites (2005) Fuel Processing Technology, 86, pp. 1487-1502; Monser, L., Adhoum, N., Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater (2002) Separation and Purification Technology, 26, pp. 137-146; Mullet, M., Fievet, P., Szymczyk, A., Foissy, A., Reggiani, J.C., Pagetti, J., A simple and accurate determination of the point of zero charge of ceramic membranes (1999) Desalination, 121, pp. 41-48; Ozkaya, B., Adsorption and desorption of phenol on activated carbon and a comparison of isotherm models (2006) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 129, pp. 158-163; Park, S.J., Jang, Y.S., Pore structure and surface properties of chemically modified activated carbons for adsorption mechanism and rate of Cr(IV) (2002) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 249, pp. 458-463; Redlich, O., Peterson, D.L., A useful adsorption isotherm (1959) Journal of Physical Chemistry, 63, p. 1024; Saygideger, S., Gulnaz, O., Istifli, E.S., Yucel, N., Adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions by Lemna minor L.: Effect of physicochemical environment (2005) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 126, pp. 96-104; Suen, S.Y., A comparison of isotherm and kinetic models for binary solute adsorption to affinity membranes (1996) Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 65, pp. 249-257; Ucer, A., Uyanik, A., Aygun, S.F., Adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) ions by tannic acid immobilised activated carbon (2006) Separation and Purification Technology, 47, pp. 113-118; Vladimir, S.J., Malik, D., Characterization and metal sorptive properties of oxidized active carbon (2002) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 250, pp. 213-220; Wu, S.N., Chen, P.J., Modification of a commercial activated carbon for metal adsorption by several approaches (2001) International Containment & Remediation Technology Conference and Exhibition, , Paper presented at, Orlando, Florida, June; Xu, X., Song, C., Andresen, J.M., Miller, B.G., Scaroni, A.W., Novel polyethylenimine-modified mesoporous molecular sieve of MCM-41 type as high-capacity adsorbent for CO2 capture (2002) Energy and Fuels, 16, pp. 1463-1469; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., Modification of granular activated carbon using low molecular weight polymer for enhanced removal of Cu 2+ from aqueous solution (2007) International Conference on Water Management and Technology Applications in Developing Countries, , Paper presented at, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.A., Impregnation of palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine and its effect on Cd2+ adsorption (2007) Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 307, pp. 128-136
G Issabayeva, M K Aroua, N M Sulaiman (2008)  Continuous adsorption of lead ions in a column packed with palm shell activated carbon   Journal of Hazardous Materials 155: 1-2. 109-113  
Abstract: The continuous adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution on commercial, granular, unpretreated palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) was studied. Effect of pH, flow rates and presence of complexing agents (malonic and boric acids) were examined. The breakthrough period was longer at pH 5 indicating higher adsorption capacity of lead ions at higher pH. Increase of the flow rate, expectedly, resulted in the faster saturation of the carbon bed. Presence of complexing agents did not improve adsorption uptake of lead ions. However, presence of malonic acid resulted in smoother pH stabilization of solution compared to single lead and lead with boric acid systems. The results on continuous adsorption of lead were applied to the model proposed by Wang et al. [Y.-H. Wang, S.-H. Lin, R.-S. Juang, Removal of heavy metals ions from aqueous solutions using various low-cost adsorbents, J. Hazard. Mater. B 102 (2003) 291-302]. The agreement between experimental and modelled breakthrough curves was satisfactory at both pHs.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):13 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JHMAD :doi 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.036 PubMed ID: 18179867 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; boric acid, 10043-35-3, 11113-50-1, 11129-12-7, 14213-97-9; lead, 7439-92-1; malonic acid, 141-82-2, 156-80-9; boric acid, 11113-50-1; Boric Acids; Carbon, 7440-44-0; Lead, 7439-92-1; Malonates; malonic acid, 141-82-2; Water Pollutants, Chemical References: Grosse, D.W., (1990) Innovative Practices for Treating Waste Streams Containing Heavy Metals: A Waste Minimization Approach, , Technomic Pub, USA; Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2002, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment of Malaysia (ISSN 0127-6433), 2002Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Preparation and characterization of adsorbents from oil palm fruit solid wastes (2000) J. Oil Palm Res., 12-1, pp. 64-70; Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Adsorption of sulphur dioxide onto activated carbons prepared from oil palm shells impregnated with potassium hydroxide (2000) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 75, pp. 971-976; G. Guo, The effect of local hydrodynamics on mass transfer in disordered porous media, Ph.D. Dissertation, Louisiana State University, USA, 2002Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Textural and chemical properties of adsorbent prepared from palm shell by phosphoric acid activation (2003) Mater. Chem. Phys., 80, pp. 114-119; Hussein, M.Z., Tarmizi, R.S.H., Zainal, Z., Ibrahim, R., Badri, M., Preparation and characterization of active carbons from oil palm shells (1996) Carbon, 34 (11), pp. 1447-1454; Wan Daud, W.M.A., Wan Ali, W.S., Sulaiman, M.Z., Effect of activation temperature on pore development in activated carbon produced from palm shell (2002) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78, pp. 1-5; Wan Daud, W.M.A., Wan Ali, W.S., Comparison on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell (2004) Bioresour. Technol., 93, pp. 63-69; N. Abu Bakar, Adsorption studies of phenols in aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from several part of oil palm tree, M.Sc. Thesis, University Putra Malaysia, 1999Othman, F., Salim, M.R., Ahmad, R., MOPAS for metal removal (1994) Proceedings of the 20th WEDC Conference, pp. 292-294. , Colombo, Sri Lanka; Salim, M.R., Othman, F., Imtiaj Ali, Md., Patterson, J., Hardy, T., Application of locally available materials for the treatment of organic polluted water (2002) J. Water Sci. Technol., 46, pp. 339-346; Issabayeva, G., Aroua, M.K., Sulaiman, N.M.N., Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon (2006) Bioresour. Technol., 97 (18), pp. 2350-2355; Wang, Y.-H., Lin, S.-H., Juang, R.-S., Removal of heavy metals ions from aqueous solutions using various low-cost adsorbents (2003) J. Hazard. Mater. B, 102, pp. 291-302; Issabayeva, G., Aroua, M.K., Sulaiman, M.N., Electrodeposition of copper and lead on palm shell activated carbon in a flow-through electrolytic cell (2006) Desalination, 194 (1-3), pp. 192-201; Chen, J.P., Wang, X., Removing copper, zinc and lead ions by granular activated carbon in pretreated fixed-bed columns (2000) Sep. Purif. Technol., 19, pp. 157-167; Dimitrova, S.V., Use of granular slag columns for lead removal (2002) Water Res., 36, pp. 4001-4008; K. Yamashita, T. Ikenata, K. Tate, K. Nakahara, Method of removing dissolved heavy metals from aqueous waste liquids, US Patent 4,377,483 (1983)Ravat, C., Dumonceau, J., Monteil-Rivera, F., Acid/base and Cu(II) binding properties of natural organic matter extracted from wheat bran: modelling by the surface complexation model (2000) Water Res., 34 (4), pp. 1327-1339; Chen, J.P., Hong, L., Wu, S., Wang, L., Elucidation of interactions between metal ions and Ca-alginate based ion exchange resin by spectroscopic analysis and modelling simulation (2002) Langmuir, 18 (24), pp. 9413-9421; Chen, J.P., Lin, M.S., Equilibrium and kinetics metal ion adsorption onto a commercial H-type granular activated carbon: experimental and modelling studies (2001) Water Res., 2 (35), pp. 2385-2394; Corapcioglu, M.O., Huang, C.P., The adsorption of heavy metals onto hydrous activated carbon (1987) Water Res., 21, pp. 1031-1044; Chu, K.H., Hashim, M.A., Adsorption and desorption characteristics of zinc on ash particles derived from oil palm waste (2002) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77, pp. 685-693; Goel, J., Kadirvelu, K., Rajagopal, C., Garh, V.K., Removal of lead (II) by adsorption using treated granular activated carbon: batch and column studies (2005) J. Hazard. Mater. B, 125, pp. 211-220; Chen, J.P., Wu, S., Chong, K.-H., Surface modification of a granular activated carbon by citric acid for enhancement of copper adsorption (2003) Carbon, 41, pp. 1979-1986; Ferrero-Garsia, M.A., Rivera-Utrilla, J., Bautista-Toledo, I., Moreno-Castilla, C., Adsorption of humic substances on activated carbon from aqueous solutions and their effect on the removal of Cr(III) ions (1998) Langmuir, 14, pp. 1880-1886; Petersen, F.W., van Deventer, J.S.J., The influence of pH, dissolved oxygen and organics on the adsorption of metal cyanides on activated carbon (1991) Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, pp. 3053-3065; Chu, K.H., Improved fixed bed models for metal biosorption (2004) J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 97, pp. 233-239
C Y Yin, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2008)  Polyethyleneimine impregnation on activated carbon : Effects of impregnation amount and molecular number on textural characteristics and metal adsorption capacities   Materials Chemistry and Physics 112: 2. 417-422  
Abstract: This paper presents findings on polyethyleneimine (PEI) impregnation on palm shell activated carbon (AC) with regards to effects of impregnation amount and types of PEI used on surface characteristics as well as metal ions adsorption capacities of the AC. Fundamental interactions between PEI molecules and metal ions on textural surface (micro- and mesopores) of the AC are elucidated. Three types of low molecular weight PEI distinguished by their molecular numbers, Mn (423, 600 and 1200) are used for the impregnation process. Impregnation at 8.41 wt% 423-PEI/AC provides optimum increases for nickel and copper adsorption capacities by factors of 2.6 and 1.5 respectively at 49% reduction of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area as compared to virgin AC. Only 423-PEI molecules are shown to have considerably filled the micropores of AC whereas the 600- and 1200-PEI molecules are too large (in terms of molecular sizes) to infiltrate the micropores.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):5 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: MCHPD :doi 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.05.075 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yin, C.Y.; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; email: yinyang@salam.uitm.edu.my References: Ali, U.F.M., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., (2004) Proceedings of the 3rd Tech. Postgrad. Symp, , 2004, Kuala Lumpur; Jia, Y.F., Thomas, K.M., (2000) Langmuir, 16, p. 1114; Vladimir, S.J., Malik, D., (2002) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 250, p. 213; Park, S.J., Jang, Y.S., (2002) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 249, p. 458; Monser, L., Adhoum, N., (2002) Sep. Purif. Technol., 26, p. 137; Franz, M., Arafat, H.A., Pinto, N.G., (2000) Carbon, 38, p. 1807; Daifullah, A.M., Girgis, B.S., (2003) Colloids Surf. A, 214, p. 181; Yin, C.Y., Aroua, M.K., Daud, W.M.A.W., (2007) Colloids Surf. A, 307, p. 128; Fan, H.J., Anderson, P.R., (2005) Sep. Purif. Technol., 45, p. 61; Huang, C.P., Vane, L.M., (1989) J. Water Pollut. Contam. Fed., 61, p. 1596; Leyva-Ramos, R., Ovalle-Turrubiartes, J., Sanchez-Castillo, M.A., (1999) Carbon, 37, p. 609; Dastgheib, S.A., Karanfil, T., Wei, C., (2004) Carbon, 42, p. 547; Ghorishi, S.B., Keeney, R.M., (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, p. 4454; Schurer, J.W., Hoedemaeker, P.H.J., Molenaar, I., (1977) J. Histochem. Cytochem., 25, p. 384; Juang, R.S., Chen, M.N., (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, p. 1935; Kokorin, A.I., Lymar, S.V., Parmon, V.N., (1981) Poly. Sci. USSR, 23, p. 2209
S Ghafari, M Hasan, M K Aroua (2008)  Bio-electrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater-A review   Bioresour Technol 99: 10. 3965-3974  
Abstract: Nitrates in different water and wastewater streams raised concerns due to severe impacts on human and animal health. Diverse methods are reported to remove nitrate from water streams which almost fail to entirely treat nitrate, except biological denitrification which is capable of reducing inorganic nitrate compounds to harmless nitrogen gas. Review of numerous studies in biological denitrification of nitrate containing water resources, aquaculture wastewaters and industrial wastewater confirmed the potential of this method and its flexibility towards the remediation of different concentrations of nitrate. The denitrifiers could be fed with organic and inorganic substrates which have different performances and subsequent advantages or disadvantages. Review of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifications with different food and energy sources concluded that autotrophic denitrifiers are more effective in denitrification. Autotrophs utilize carbon dioxide and hydrogen as the source of carbon substrate and electron donors, respectively. The application of this method in bio-electro reactors (BERs) has many advantages and is promising. However, this method is not so well established and documented. BERs provide proper environment for simultaneous hydrogen production on cathodes and appropriate consumption by immobilized autotrophs on these cathodes. This survey covers various designs and aspects of BERs and their performances.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):75 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BIRTE :doi 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.026 PubMed ID: 17600700 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CAScarbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; carbon, 7440-44-0; hydrogen, 12385-13-6, 1333-74-0; nitrate, 14797-55-8; nitrogen, 7727-37-9; water, 7732-18-5; Carbon, 7440-44-0; Nitrates; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water, 7732-18-5 References: Almeida, J.S., Reis, M.A.M., Carrondo, M.J.T., Competition between nitrate and nitrite reduction in denitrification by Pseudomonas fluorescens (1995) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 46, pp. 476-484; Beschkov, V., Velizarov, S., Agathos, S.N., Lukova, V., Bacterial denitrification of waste water stimulated by constant electric field (2004) Biochem. Eng. 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(Eds), Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester; Galvez, J.M., Gomez, M.A., Hontoria, E., Gonzalez-Lopez, J., Influence of hydraulic loading and air flowrate on urban wastewater nitrogen removal with a submerged fixed-film reactor (2003) J. Hazard. Mater., 101, pp. 219-229; Gamble, T.N., Betlach, M.R., Tiedje, J.M., Numerically dominant denitrifying bacteria from world soils (1977) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 33, pp. 926-939; Gayle, B.P., Boordman, G.D., Serrard, J.H., Benait, R.E., Bio-logical denitrification of water (1989) J. Environ. Eng. Div., 115, pp. 930-935; Gentzar, C.J., 1995. Membrane dissolution of hydrogen for biological nitrate removal. The 1995 Water Environ. Fed. Conference, pp. 40-60Ginner, J.L., Alvarez, P.J.J., Smith, S.L., Scherer, M.M., Nitrate and nitrite reduction by Fe-O: Influence of mass transport, temperature, and denitrifying microbes (2004) Environ. Eng. 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A Benamor, B S Ali, M K Aroua (2008)  Kinetic of CO2 absorption and carbamate formation in aqueous solutions of diethanolamine   Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 25: 3. 451-460  
Abstract: The absorption rates of CO2 into aqueous solutions of Diethanolamine (DEA) with varying concentrations from 0.2 to 4M and temperature range from 293 to 323 K were measured by using a laboratory stirred reactor. The CO2 partial pressure was varied in a range that the reaction would occur in pseudo first order regime. Experimental data were analyzed and the kinetic parameters associated with the reaction were determined. The activation energy for the deprotonation of the intermediate zwitterion was estimated at about 11.4 kcal/mol. The contribution of carbamate formation to the overall absorbed CO2 was experimentally evaluated and found to be of the order of 100%.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):4 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.1007/s11814-008-0077-3 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Blanc, C., Demarais, G., (1984) Int. Chem. Eng., 24, p. 43. , 1; Rinker, E.B., Ashour, S.S., Sandall, O.C., (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, p. 1107; Blauwhoff, P.M.M., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1983) Chem. Eng. Sci., 38, p. 1411; Caplow, M., (1968) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, p. 6795; Danckwerts, P.V., (1979) Chem. Eng. Sci., 34, p. 443; Versteeg, G.F., Van Dijck, L.A., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1996) Chem. Eng., 144, p. 113; Caplow, M., (1968) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, p. 6795; Pinsent, B.R.W., Pearson, L., Roughton, F.G.W., (1956) Trans. Faraday Soc., 52, p. 1512; Blauwhoff, P.M.M., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1983) Chem. Eng. Sci., 38, p. 1411; Laddha, S.S., Diaz, J.M., Danckwerts, P.V., (1981) Chem. Eng. Sci., 36, p. 229; Versteeg, G.F., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1988) J. Chem. Eng. Data., 33, p. 29; Snijder, E.D., Riele, M.J.M., Versteeg, G.F., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1993) J. Chem. Eng. Data., 38, p. 475; Versteeg, G.F., Van Dijck, L.A.J., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1996) Chem. Eng. Sci., 144, p. 113; Taylor, F.R.S., (1953) Proc. R. Soc. London., 219, p. 186; Glasscock, D.A., Critchfield, J.E., Rochelle, G.T., (1991) Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, p. 2829; (2003) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 83rd Edition; Danckwerts, P.V., (1970) Gas Liquid Reaction, , Mcgraw-Hill New York; Whitman, W.G., (1923) Chem. Met. Engng., 29, p. 146; Hatta, S., (1928) Technol. Repts., 9. , Tohoku Imp University; Alvarez-Fuster, C., Midoux, N., Laurent, A., Charpentier, J.-C., (1980) Chem. Eng. Sci., 35, p. 1717; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., (2007) Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24, p. 16; Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z., Aroua, M.K., Benamor, A., (1998) Trans IChemE., 76, p. 961. , PartA; Benamor, A., Aroua, M.K., (2005) Fluid Phase Equilibria., 231, p. 150; Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z., Aroua, M.K., Pervez, M.I., (1996) Gas. Sep. Pur., 10, p. 13; Little, R.J., Versteeg, G.F., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1992) Chem. Eng. Sci., 47, p. 2037; Sada, E., Kumazawa, H., Butt, M.A., (1977) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 22, p. 277; Sada, E., Kumazawa, H., Butt, M.A., (1976) Chem. Eng. Sci., 31, p. 839; Haimour, N., (1990) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 35, p. 177; Rinker, E.B., Sandall, O.C., (1996) Chem. Eng. Com., 144, p. 85; Tsai, T.-C., Kho, J.-J., Wang, M.-H., Lin, C.-Y., Li, M.-H., (2000) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 45, p. 341; Oyvaar, M.H., Morssinkhof, R.W.J., Westerterp, K.R., (1989) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 34, p. 77; Versteeg, G.F., Oyevaar, M.H., (1989) Chem. Eng. Sci., 44, p. 1264; Versteeg, G.F., Blauwhoff, P.M., Van Swaaij, W.P.M., (1987) Chem. Eng. Sci., 42, p. 1103; Browning, G.J., Weiland, R.H., (1994) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 39, p. 817; Li, M.H., Lee, W.C., (1996) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 41, p. 551. , 3; Sada, E., Kumazawa, H., Han, Z.Q., Butt, M.A., (1985) AIChE J., 31, p. 1297
S Baroutian, M K Aroua, A A A Raman, N M N Sulaiman (2008)  Density of palm oil-based methyl ester   Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 53: 3. 877-880  
Abstract: Biodiesel density data as a function of temperature is needed to model the combustion process. In this work, the density and specific gravity of pure palm oil-based methyl ester biodiesel was measured at various temperatures from (15 to 90) °C. The data obtained was validated with Janarthanan empirical equation and the method proposed by Spencer and Danner using a modified Rackett equation. The experimental and estimated density values using the modified Rackett equation gave almost identical values with differences less than 0.03 %. The Janarthanan empirical equation performs equally with diffrences within 0.03 %. A simple linear equation for density is also proposed in this work.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):23 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JCEAA :doi 10.1021/je700682d Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M. K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Liew, K.Y., Seng, C.E., Oh, L.L., Viscosities and Densities of the Methyl Esters of Some n-Alkanoic Acids (1992) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 69, pp. 155-158; Tate, R.A., Watts, K.C., Allen, C.A.W., Wilkie, K.I., The densities of three biodiesel fuels at temperatures up to 300°C (2006) Fuel, 85, pp. 1004-1009; Tat, M.E., Van Gerpen, J.H., The specific gravity of biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 77, pp. 115-119; Noureddini, H., Teoh, B.C., Clements, L.D., Densities of Vegetable Oils and Fatty Acids (1992) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 69, pp. 1184-1188; Yuan, W., Hansen, A.C., Zhang, Q., Predicting the physical properties of biodiesel for combustion modeling (2003) Trans. ASAE, 46, pp. 1487-1493; Clements, L.D., Blending rules for formulating biodiesel fuel (1996) Liquid Fuels and Industrial Products from Renewable Resources, Proceedings of the Third Liquid Fuel Conference, pp. 44-53. , Nashville, TN, September 15-17; Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., Sherwood, T.K., (1987) The Properties of Gases and Liquids, , 4th ed, McGraw-Hill: New York; Ambrose, D. Correlation and Estimation of Vapour-Liquid Critical Properties. I. Critical Temperature of Organic Compounds, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington. NPL Rep. Chem. 1978, 92, corrected 1980Ambrose, D. Correlation and Estimation of Vapour-Liquid Critical Properties. I. Critical Pressure and of Organic Compounds, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington. NPL Rep. Chem. 1979, 98Joback, K.G., (1984) A unified approach tophysical property estimation using multivanable statistical techniques, , Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, June; Knapp, H., Doring, R., Oellrich, L., Plocker, U., Prausnitz, J.M., (1982) Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Mixtures of Low Boiling Substances; Chemistry Data Series, 6. , DECHEMA: Frankfurt am Main; Spencer, C.F., Danner, R.P., Improved equation for prediction of saturated liquid density (1972) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 17, pp. 236-241
2007
M K Aroua, F M Zuki, N M Sulaiman (2007)  Removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions by polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration   J Hazard Mater 147: 3. 752-758  
Abstract: This study deals with the removal of chromium species from aqueous dilute solutions using polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) process. Three water soluble polymers, namely chitosan, polyethyleneimine (PEI) and pectin were selected for this study. The ultrafiltration studies were carried out using a laboratory scale ultrafiltration system equipped with 500,000 MWCO polysulfone hollow fiber membrane. The effects of pH and polymer composition on rejection coefficient and permeate flux at constant pressure have been investigated. For Cr(III), high rejections approaching 100% were obtained at pH higher than 7 for the three tested polymers. With chitosan and pectin, Cr(VI) retention showed a slight increase with solution pH and did not exceed a value of 50%. An interesting result was obtained with PEI. The retention of Cr(VI) approached 100% at low pH and decreased when the pH was increased. This behavior is opposite to what one can expect in the polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration of heavy metals. Furthermore, the concentration of polymer was found to have little effect on rejection. Permeate flux remained almost constant around 25% of pure water flux.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):65 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JHMAD :doi 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.120 PubMed ID: 17339078 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASchitosan, 9012-76-4; chromium, 16065-83-1, 7440-47-3; pectin, 9000-69-5; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7; polysulfone, 25135-51-7; Chitosan, 9012-76-4; Chromium, 7440-47-3; pectin, 9000-69-5; Pectins; Polyethyleneimine, 9002-98-6; Polymers; Solutions References: Kozlowski, C.A., Walkowiak, W., Removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by polymers inclusion membranes (2002) Water Res., 36, pp. 4870-4876; Juang, R.-S., Chiou, C.-H., Ultrafiltration rejection of dissolved ions using various weakly basic water-soluble polymers (2000) J. Membr. Sci., 177, pp. 207-214; Juang, R.-S., Shiau, R.C., Metal removal from aqueous solutions using chitosan-enhanced membrane filtration (2000) J. Membr. Sci., 165, pp. 159-167; Juang, R.-S., Chen, M.-N., Measurement of binding constants of poly(ethylenimine) with metal ions and metal chelates in aqueous media by ultrafiltration (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, pp. 1935-1943; Juang, R.-S., Chen, M.-N., Retention of copper(11)-EDTA chelates from dilute aqueous solutions by a polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration process (1996) J. Membr. Sci., 119, pp. 25-37; Geckeler, K.E., Volchek, K., Removal of hazardous substances from water using ultrafiltration in conjunction with soluble polymers (1996) Environ. Sci. Technol., 30 (3); Geckeler, K.E., Polymer-metal complexes for environmental protection. Chemoremediation in the aqueous homogeneous phase (2001) Pure Appl. Chem., 73 (1), pp. 129-136; Thompson, J.A., Jarvinen, G., Using water-soluble polymers to remove dissolved metal ions (1999) Filtr. Sep.; Kartel, M.T., Kupchik, L.A., Veisov, B.K., Evaluation of pectin binding of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions (1999) Chemosphere, 38 (11), pp. 2591-2596; Rumeau, M., Persin, F., Sciers, V., Persin, M., Sarrazin, J., Separation by coupling ultrafiltration and complexation of metallic species with industrial water-soluble polymers: application for removal or concentration of metallic cations (1992) J. Membr. Sci., 73, pp. 313-322; Chaufer, B., Deratani, A., Removal of metal ions by complexation-ultrafiltration using water-soluble macromolecules: perspective of application to wastewater treatment (1988) Nucl. Chem. Waste Manage., 8, pp. 175-187; Rivas, B.L., Pereira, E.D., Villoslada, I.M., Water-soluble polymer-metal ion interactions (2003) Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, pp. 173-208; Cardenas, G., Orlando, P., Edelio, T., Synthesis and applications of chitosan mercaptanes as heavy metal retention agent (2001) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 28, pp. 167-174; Uludag, Y., Ozbelge, H.O., Yilmaz, L., Removal of mercury from aqueous solutions via polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration (1997) J. Membr. Sci., 129, pp. 93-99; Muslehihinoglu, J., Uludag, Y., Ozbelge, H.O., Yilmaz, L., Effect of operating parameters on selective separation of heavy metals from binary mixtures via polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration (1998) J. Membr. Sci., 140, pp. 251-266; Muslehihinoglu, J., Uludag, Y., Ozbelge, H.O., Yilmaz, L., Determination of heavy metal concentration in feed and permeate streams of polymer enhanced ultrafiltration process (1998) Talanta, 46, pp. 1557-1565; Volchek, K., Krentsel, E., Zhilin, Yu., Shtereva, G., Dytnersky, Yu., Polymer binding/ultrafiltration as a method for concentration and separation of metals (1993) J. Membr. Sci., 79, pp. 253-272; Canizares, P., Perez, A., Camarillo, R., Recovery of heavy metals by means of ultrafiltration with water-soluble polymers: calculation of design parameters (2002) Desalination, 144, pp. 279-285; Sabate, J., Pujola, M., Llorens, J., Two-phases model for calcium removal from aqueous solution by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (2002) J. Membr. Sci., 204, pp. 139-152; Rivas, B.L., Villoslada, I.M., Prediction of the retention values associated to the ultrafiltration of mixtures of metal ions and high molecular weight water-soluble polymers as a function of the initial ionic strength (2000) J. Membr. Sci., 178, pp. 165-170; Huang, K.-L., Holsen, T.M., Selman, J.R., Impurity partitioning in Nafion and ceramic separators used for purification of spent chromium plating solutions (2002) J. Membr. Sci., 210, pp. 137-145; Hamadi, N.K., Chen, X.D., Farid, M.M., Lu, M.G.Q., Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorbents derived from used tyres and sawdust (2001) Chem. Eng. J., 84, pp. 95-105; Canizares, P., de Lucas, A., Perez, A., Cammarillo, R., Effect of polymer nature and hydrodynamic conditions on a process of polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration (2005) J. Membr. Sci., 253, pp. 147-163; Rivas, B.L., Schiappacasse, L.N., Pereira, U.E., Villoslada, I.M., Interactions of polyelectrolytes bearing carboxylate and/or sulfonate groups with Cu(II) and Ni(II) (2004) Polymer, 45, pp. 1771-1775; Villoslada, I.M., Rivas, B.L., Metal ion enrichment of a water-soluble chelating polymer studied by ultrafiltration (2002) J. Membr. Sci., 208, pp. 69-73
M A Ahmad, W M A Wan Daud, M K Aroua (2007)  Synthesis of carbon molecular sieves from palm shell by carbon vapor deposition   Journal of Porous Materials 14: 4. 393-399  
Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted to produce carbon molecular sieves (CMS) through carbon deposition from a locally available palm shell of Tenera type for separating gaseous mixtures. The process involves three stages; carbonization, physical activation with steam, and carbon deposition by using benzene cracking technique. Carbonization of the dried palm shells was occurred at 900 degrees C for duration of 1 h followed by steam activation at 830 degrees C for 30-420 min to obtain activated carbons with different degree of burn-offs. The highest micropore volume of activated carbon obtained at 53.2% burn-off was used as a precursor for CMS production. Subsequent carbon deposition of the activated sample at temperature range from 600 to 900 degrees C for 30 min has resulted in a series of CMSs with different selectivities of CO2/CH4 and O-2/N-2. The kinetic adsorption isotherm of CO2, CH4, O-2 and N-2 at room temperature also presented in this work.
Notes: 215FE Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:22
D Adinata, W M A Wan Daud, M K Aroua (2007)  Production of carbon molecular sieves from palm shell based activated carbon by pore sizes modification with benzene for methane selective separation   Fuel Processing Technology 88: 6. 599-605  
Abstract: Palm shell based activated carbon prepared by K2CO3 activation is used as precursor in the production of carbon molecular sieve by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using benzene as depositing agent. The influences of deposition temperature, time, and flow rate of benzene on pore development of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) and methane (CH4) adsorption capacity were investigated. The parameters that varied are the deposition temperature range of 600 to 1000 °C, time from 5.0 to 60 min, and benzene flow rate from 3.0 to 15 mL/min. The results show that in all cases, increasing the deposition temperature, time, and flow rate of benzene result in a decrease in adsorption capacity of N2, pore volume and pore diameter of CMS. The BET surface area of CMS (approximately 1065 m2/g) and the adsorption capacity of CH4 were at a maximum value at a deposition temperature of 800 °C, time of 20 min and benzene flow rate of 6 mL/min. The product has a good selectivity for separating CH4 from carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and oxygen (O2).
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):15 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: FPTED :doi 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.01.009 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Wan Daud, W.M.A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ashri@um.edu.my References: Orfanoudaki, T., Skodras, G., Dolios, I., Sakellaropoulos, G.P., Production of carbon molecular sieves by plasma treated activated carbon fibers (2003) Fuel, 82, pp. 2045-2049; Villar-Rodil, S., Denoyel, R., Rouquerol, J., Martinez-lonso, A., Tascon, J.M.D., The use of microcalorimetry to assess the size exclusion properties of carbon molecular sieve (2004) Thermochimica Acta, 420, pp. 141-144; Moreira, R.F.P.M., Jose, H.J., Rodrigues, A.E., Modification of pore size in activated carbon by polymer deposition and its effects on molecular sieve selectivity (2001) Carbon, 39, pp. 2269-2276; Horikawa, T., Hayashi, J., Muroyama, K., Preparation of molecular sieving carbon from waste resin by chemical vapor deposition (2002) Carbon, 40, pp. 709-714; Bello, G., Garcia, R., Arriagada, R., Sepulveda-Escribano, A., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Carbon molecular sieves from Eucalyptus globules charcoal (2002) Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 56, pp. 139-145; Hu, Z., Vansant, E.F., Carbon molecular sieves produced from walnut shell (1995) Carbon, 33, pp. 561-567; Arriagada, R., Bello, G., Garcia, R., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Sepulveda-Escribano, A., Carbon molecular sieves from hardwood carbon pellets. The influence of carbonization temperature in gas separation properties (2005) Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 81, pp. 161-167; Villar-Rodil, S., Navarrete, R., Denoyel, R., Albiniak, A., Paredes, J.I., Martinez-Alonso, A., Tascon, J.M.D., Carbon molecular sieve cloths prepared by chemical vapour deposition of methane for separation of gas mixtures (2005) Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 77, pp. 109-118; Kawabuchi, Y., Oka, H., Kawano, S., Mochida, I., Yoshizawa, N., The modification of pore size in activated carbon fibers by chemical vapor deposition and its effects on molecular sieve selectivity (1998) Carbon, 36, pp. 377-382; de la Casa-Lillo, M.A., Moore, B.C., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Solano, A., Molecular sieve properties obtained by cracking of methane on activated carbon fibers (2002) Carbon, 40, pp. 2489-2494; Bruggert, M., Hu, Z., Huttinger, K.J., Chemistry and chemical vapor deposition of pyrocarbon VI influence of temperature using methane as carbon source (1999) Carbon, 37, pp. 2021-2030; Vyas, S.N., Patwardhan, S.R., Gangadhar, B., Carbon molecular sieves from bituminous coal by controlled coke deposition (1992) Carbon, 30, pp. 605-612; Vyas, S.N., Patwardhan, S.R., Vijayalakshmi, S., Gangadhar, B., Synthesis of carbon sieves by activation and coke deposition (1993) Fuel, 72, pp. 551-555; Lizzio, A.A., Rostam-Abadi, M., Production of carbon molecular sieves from Illinois coal (1993) Fuel Processing Technology, 34, pp. 97-122; Tan, J.S., Ani, F.N., Carbon molecular sieves produced from oil palm shell for air separation (2004) Separation and Purification Technology, 35, pp. 47-54; Wan Daud, W.M.A.W., Wan Ali, W.S.W., Comparison on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell (2004) Bioresource Technology, 93, pp. 63-69; Valladares, D.L., Rodriguez Reinoso, F., Zgrablich, G., Characterization of active carbons: the influence of the method in the determination of the pore size distribution (1998) Carbon, 36, pp. 1491-1499; Nguyen, C., Do, D.D., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves from macadamia nut shells (1995) Carbon, 33, pp. 1717-1725; Freitas, M.M.A., Figueiredo, J.L., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves for gas separations by modification of the pore sizes of activated carbons (2001) Fuel, 80, pp. 1-6; Gomez-de-Salazar, C., Sepulveda-Escribano, A., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves by controlled oxidation treatments (2000) Carbon, 38, pp. 1879-1902; De La Casa-Lillo, M.A., Alcaniz-Monge, J., Raymundo-Pinero, E., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Salano, A., Molecular sieve properties of general-purpose carbon fibres (1998) Carbon, 36, pp. 1353-1360; Sykes, M.L., Chagger, H., Thomas, K.M., Assessment of kinetics, selectivity and capacity in carbon molecular sieves by flow microcalorimetry (1993) Carbon, 31, pp. 827-832; Reid, C.R., O’koye, I.P., Thomas, K.M., Adsorption of gases on carbon molecular sieves used for air separation. Spherical adsorptives as probes for kinetic selectivity (1998) Langmuir, 14, pp. 2415-2425
A Benamor, M K Aroua (2007)  An experimental investigation on the rate of CO2 absorption into aqueous methyldiethanolamine solutions   Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 24: 1. 16-23  
Abstract: In this paper, the CO2 absorption rates into aqueous solutions of Methydiethanolamine (MDEA) at various concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 M and temperatures varying from 293 to 323 K were measured by using a laboratory stirred reactor. The kinetics experiments were conducted under a pseudo first order regime. The data were analyzed by means of chemical absorption theory and the kinetic parameters associated with the reaction, such as the reaction order and the reaction rate constants, were evaluated. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate constant was assessed and the activation energy was evaluated at about 44.12 kJoule/mol.
Notes: 135ZW Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:27
D Adinata, W M A W Daud, M K Aroua (2007)  Carbon modified silica based adsorbent for potential application   Journal of Nanoparticle Research 9: 4. 555-559  
Abstract: The carbon modified silica adsorbents were prepared by synthesizing and modifying zeolite Y type with activated carbon. This paper reports on effects of activated carbon loadings on the methane and nitrogen adsorption, structure and properties of carbon modified zeolite Y. With the increase in activated carbon loadings, the surface area, pore size and pore volume of the activated carbon loaded zeolite Y adsorbent decreased. The intensity of the diffraction patterns of zeolite Y decreased after the activated carbon was loaded. With increasing activated carbon loadings, the intensity of diffraction peaks decreased. Adsorption capacity of nitrogen (N2) was smaller than adsorption capacity of methane (CH4) by using activated carbon modified silica. When activated carbon loadings 30% wt.%, adsorption capacity of methane and nitrogen was 12.9317 wt.% and 12.6115 wt.%, these were caused by difference in molecular weight. The molecular weight of nitrogen is bigger than molecular weight of methane. © 2006 Springer.
Notes: 171SU Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:9
D Adinata, W M A Wan Daud, M K Aroua (2007)  Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from palm shell by chemical activation with K2CO3   Bioresour Technol 98: 1. 145-149  
Abstract: Palm shell was used to prepare activated carbon using potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as activating agent. The influence of carbonization temperatures (600-1000 °C) and impregnation ratios (0.5-2.0) of the prepared activated carbon on the pore development and yield were investigated. Results showed that in all cases, increasing the carbonization temperature and impregnation ratio, the yield decreased, while the adsorption of CO2 increased, progressively. Specific surface area of activated carbon was maximum about 1170 m2/g at 800 °C with activation duration of 2 h and at an impregnation ratio of 1.0.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):87 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BIRTE :doi 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.11.006 PubMed ID: 16380249 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Wan Daud, W.M.A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ashri@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; potassium carbonate, 584-08-7; Carbon, 7440-44-0; Carbon Dioxide, 124-38-9; Carbonates; Potassium, 7440-09-7; potassium carbonate, 584-08-7 References: Abe, I., Tatsumoto, H., Ikuta, N., Kawafune, I., Preparation of activated carbon from pisthachio nut shell (1990) Chem. Exp., 5, pp. 177-180; Evans, M.J.B., Halliop, E., MacDonald, J.A.F., The production of chemically-activated carbon (1999) Carbon, 37, pp. 269-274; Gomez-Serrano, V., Cuerda-Correa, E.M., Fernandez-Gonzalez, M.C., Alexandre-Franco, M.F., Macias-Garcia, Preparation of activated carbons from chestnut wood by phosphoric acid-chemical activation. Study of microporosity and fractal dimension (2005) Mater. Lett., 59, pp. 846-853; Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Characterization of adsorbent prepared from oil palm shell by CO2 activation for removal of gaseous pollutants (2000) Mater. Lett., 55, pp. 334-339; Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Textural and chemical characterization of adsorbent prepared from palm shell by potassium hydroxide impregnation at different stages (2002) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 254, pp. 227-233; Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Textural and chemical properties of adsorbent prepared from palm shell by phosphoric acid activation (2003) Mater. Chem. Phys., 80, pp. 114-119; Hayashi, J., Kazehaya, A., Muroyama, K., Watkinson, A.P., Preparation of activated carbon from lignin by chemical activation (2000) Carbon, 32, pp. 1873-1878; Hayashi, J., Horikawa, T., Muroyama, K., Gomes, V.G., Activated carbon from chickpea husk by chemical activation with K2CO3: preparation and characterization (2002) Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 55, pp. 63-68; Hayashi, J., Horikawa, T., Takeda, I., Muroyama, K., Ani, F.N., Preparing activated carbon from various nutshells by chemical activation with K2CO3 (2002) Carbon, 40, pp. 2381-2386; Ismadji, S., Bhatia, S.K., Investigation of network connectivity in activated carbons by liquid phase adsorption (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 9303-9313; Ismadji, S., Bhatia, S.K., A modified pore filling isotherm for liquid phase adsorption in activated carbon (2001) Langmuir, 17, pp. 1488-1498; Khan, A., Singh, H., Bhatia, A.K., Activated carbon from walnut shells (1985) Res. Ind., 30, pp. 13-16; Kirubakaran, C.J., Krishnaiah, Seshadri, S.K., Experimental study of the production of activated carbon from coconut shells in fluidized bed reactor (1991) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 27, pp. 2411-2416; Lillo-Rodenas, M.A., Juan-Juan, J., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Solano, A., About reactions occurring during chemical activation with hydroxides (2004) Carbon, 42, pp. 1371-1375; Lua, A.C., Yang, T., Effect of activation temperature on the textural and chemical properties of potassium hydroxide activated carbon prepared from pistachio-nut shell (2004) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 274, pp. 594-601; Maniatis, K., Nurmala, M., Activated carbon production from biomass (1992) Biomass Energy Ind. Environ., 274, pp. 1034-1308; McKee, D.W., Mechanisms of the alkali metal catalyzed gasification of carbon (1983) Fuel, 62, pp. 170-175; Okada, K., Yamamoto, N., Kameshima, Y., Yasumori, A., Porous properties of activated carbons from waste newspaper prepared by chemical and physical activation (2003) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 262, pp. 179-193; Raymundo-Pinero, E., Azais, P., Cacciaguerra, T., Cazorla-Amoros, D., Linares-Solano, A., Beguin, F., KOH and NaOH activation mechanisms of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with different structural organization (2005) Carbon, 43, pp. 786-795; Wan Daud, W.M.A., Wan Ali, W.S., Comparison on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell (2004) Bioresour. Technol., 93, pp. 63-69; Xiongzun, Z., Famnao, Z., Lie, L., Qingrong, L., A new technique to produce activated carbon (from saw dust of any humidity) by zinc chloride method (1986) J. Nanjing Inst. Forest., 1, pp. 19-30
Y Kathiraser, M K Aroua, K B Ramachandran, I K P Tan (2007)  Chemical characterization of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) recovered by enzymatic treatment and ultrafiltration   Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 82: 9. 847-855  
Abstract: Background: Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters accumulated intracellularly as energy resources by bacterial species such as Pseudomonas putida. The most popular method for PHA recovery is solvent extraction using trichloromethane (chloroform) and methyl alcohol (methanol). An alternative method is enzymatic treatment, which eliminates usage of these hazardous solvents. This research focuses on the characterization of PHAs recovered by enzymatic treatments and ultrafiltration. Comparisons are made with conventional solvent extracted PHA. Results: The purity of PHA in water suspension recovered by enzymatic treatments as analyzed by gas chromatography was 92.6%. Enzymatically recovered PHA was comparable to conventional solvent-extracted PHA, which had a purity of 95.5%. PHA was further characterized for functional group analysis, structural composition analysis and molecular weight determination. It was found that the molecular weight of the PHA recovered by enzymatic treatment was less than solvent-extracted PHA, probably due to degradation of the lipopolysaccharide layer. However, functional group and structural composition analyses showed similar results for PHA recovered by both methods. Conclusion: PHAs recovered through enzymatic digestion treatment have good comparability with solvent-extracted PHAs. Thus enzymatic digestion has great potential as an alternative recovery method.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):10 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JCTBD :doi 10.1002/jctb.1751 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: Steinbuchel, A., Hustede, E., Liebergesell, M., Pieper, U., Timm, A., Valentin, H., Molecular basis for biosynthesis of poly-hydroxyalkanoic acids in bacteria (1992) FEMS Microbiol Rev, 103, pp. 217-230; Preusting, H., Nijenhuis, A., Witholt, B., Physical characteristics of poly (3-hydroxyalkaonates) and poly(3-hydroxyalkenoates) produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans grown on aliphatic hydrocarbons (1990) Macromolecules, 23, pp. 4220-4224; Ogawa, N., Miyamoto, K., Osakada, F., Matsumoto, K., Method of purifying 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid copolymer (2005), EP Patent 1550723Lageveen, R.G., Huisman, G.W., Preustig, H., Ketelaar, P., Eggink, G., Witholt, B., Formation of polyesters by Pseudomonas oleovorans: Effects of substrates on formation and composition of poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates and poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkenoates (1988) Appl Environ Microbiol, 54, pp. 2924-2932; Holmes PA and Lim GB, Separation process. US Patent 4910145 1990De Koning, G.J.M., Witholt, B., A process for the recovery of PHAs from Pseudomonads. Part 1: Solubilization (1997) Bioprocess Eng, 17, pp. 7-13; De Koning, G.J.M., Kellerhals, M., van Meurs, C., Witholt, B., A process for the recovery of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from Pseudomonads. Part 2: Process development and economic evaluation (1997) Bioprocess Eng, 17, pp. 15-21; Eggink, G., Northolt, M.D., Method for producing a biologically degradable polyhydroxyalkanoate coating with the aid of an aqueous dispersion of polyhydroxyalkanoate (1999), US Patent 5958480Yasotha, K., Aroua, M.K., Ramachandran, K.B., Tan, I.K.P., Recovery of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) through enzymatic digestion treatments and ultra-filtration (2006) Biochem Eng J, 30, pp. 260-268; Doi, Y., Abe, C., Biosynthesis and characterization of new bacterial co-polyester of 3-hydroxyalkanoates and 3-hydroxychloroalkanoates (1990) Macromolecules, 28, pp. 4822-4828; Lee, S.Y., Wong, H.H., Choi, J., Lee, S.H., Lee, S.C., Han, C.S., Production of mc1-PHAs by high cell density cultivation of Pseudomonas putida under phosphorus limitation (2000) Biotechnol Bioeng, 68, pp. 466-470; Tan, I.K.P., Kumar, K.S., Theanmalar, M., Gan, S.N., Gordon III, B., Saponified palm kernel oil and its major free fatty acids as carbon substrates for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Pseudomonas putida PGA1 (1997) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 47, pp. 207-211; Braunegg, G., Sonnleitner, B., Lafferty, R.M., A rapid gas chromatograph method for the determination of PHB in microbial biomass (1978) Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 6, pp. 29-37; Lim, S.P., (2003) Degradation of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAMCL) in mangrove and forest soils, , Master of Science dissertation, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Kato, M., Bao, H.J., Kang, C.K., Fukui, T., Doi, Y., Production of a novel copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids by Pseudomonas sp.61-3 from sugars (1996) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 45, pp. 363-370; Bailey, S.M., Meagher, M.M., The effect of denaturants on the crossflow membrane filtration of Escherichia coli lysates containing inclusion bodies (1997) J Membrane Sci, 131, pp. 29-38; Sanchez, R.J., Schripsema, J., da Silva, L.F., Taciro, M.K., Pradella, J.G.C., Gomez, J.G.C., Medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAmcl) produced by Pseudomonas putida IPT 046 from renewable resources (2003) Eur Polym J, 39, pp. 1385-1394; Solomons, T.W.G., (1996) Organic Chemistry, , 6th edn. Wiley, New York; Cannell, R., Physical methods of structure determination (1992) Techniques Used in Bioproduct Analysis, pp. 171-203. , ed. by James AM. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp; Sudesh, K., (1994) Production and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Pseudomonas putida PGA1 from palm oil and palm kernel oil derivatives, , Master of Biotechnology dissertation, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; de Waard, P., van der Wal, H., Huijberts, G.N.M., Eggink, G., Heteronuclear NMR analysis of unsaturated fatty acids in poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (1993) J Biol Chem, 268, pp. 315-319; Furrer, P., Schmid, M., Hinz, A., Pletscher, E., Panke, S., Zinn, M., Towards medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate for medical applications (2004) Eur Cells Mater, 7, pp. 30-31
W M A W Daud, M A Ahmad, M K Aroua (2007)  Carbon molecular sieves from palm shell : Effect of the benzene deposition times on gas separation properties   Separation and Purification Technology 57: 2. 289-293  
Abstract: In the present work, an effort has been made to develop suitable process conditions for synthesis of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) from a locally available palm shell of Tenera type. The process involves three stages; carbonization, physical activation with steam, and carbon deposition by using benzene cracking technique. The highest micropore volume of activated carbon was obtained at 53.2% burn-off, which is then used as a precursor for CMS production. In order to narrow down the pore mouth size to a required size, benzene was cracked at 800 °C for 15-60 min. The characterization of the samples was assessed by physical adsorption of N2 at 77 K. The adsorption kinetic of CO2, CH4, O2 and N2 were measured at room temperature in order to determine the sample behavior as CMS.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):14 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: SPUTF :doi 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.04.006 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmad, M.A.; School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; email: azmier@perdana.um.edu.my References: Ngan, M.A., Carbon credit from palm, biogas and biodiesel (2002) Palm Oil Eng. Bull., 65, pp. 24-26; Husain, Z., Zainac, Z., Abdullah, Z., Briquetting of palm fibre and shell from the processing of palm nuts to palm oil (2002) Biomass Bioenergy, 22, pp. 505-509; Freitas, M.M.A., Figueiredo, J.L., Preparation of CMS for gas separations by modification of the pore sizes of activated carbons (2001) Fuel, 80, pp. 1-6; Ruthven, D.M., Diffusion of oxygen and nitrogen in carbon molecular sieve (1992) Chem. Eng. Sci., 47, pp. 4305-4308; Bello, G., Garcia, R., Arriagada, R., Sepulveda-Escribano, A., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Carbon molecular sieve from eucalyptus globules charcoal (2002) Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 56, pp. 139-145; Braymer, T.A., Coe, C.G., Farris, T.S., Gaffney, T.R., Schork, J.M., Armor, J.N., Granular carbon molecular sieves (1994) Carbon, 32, pp. 445-452; Zhonghua, H., Vansant, E.F., Carbon molecular sieves produced from walnut shell (1995) Carbon, 33, pp. 561-567; Vyas, S.N., Patwardhan, S.R., Gangadhar, B., Carbon molecular sieves from bituminous coal by controlled coke deposition (1992) Carbon, 30, pp. 605-612; Cabrera, A.L., Zehner, J.E., Coe, C.G., Gaffney, T.R., Farris, T.S., Armor, J.N., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves: two step hydrocarbon deposition with a single hydrocarbon (1993) Carbon, 31, pp. 969-976; Vyas, S.N., Patwardhan, S.R., Vijayalakshmi, S., Ganesh, K.S., Adsorption of gases on carbon molecular sieves (1994) J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 168, pp. 275-328; Nguyen, C., Do, D., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves from macadamia nut shells (1995) Carbon, 33, pp. 1717-1725; Villar-Rodil, S., Navarrete, R., Denoyel, R., Albibiak, A., Parades, J.I., Martinez-Alonso, A., Tascon, J.M.D., Carbon molecular sieve cloths prepared by chemical vapour deposition of methane for separation of gas mixtures (2005) Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 77, pp. 109-118; Freitas, M.M.A., Figueiredo, J.L., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves for gas separations by modification of the pore sizes of activated carbons (2001) Fuel, 80, pp. 1-6; Kawabuchi, Y., Kishino, M., Kawano, S., Whitehurst, D.D., Mochida, I., Carbon deposition from benzene and cyclohexane onto active carbon fiber to control its pore size (1996) Langmuir, 12, pp. 4281-4285; Wan Daud, W.M.A., Wan Ali, W.S., Comparison on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell (2004) Bioresource Technol., 93, pp. 63-69; Zhang, T., Walawender, W.P., Fan, L.T., Preparation of carbon molecular sieves by carbon deposition from methane (2005) Bioresource Technol., 96, pp. 1929-1935; Horvath, G., Kawazoe, K., Method for the calculation of effective pore size distribution in molecular sieve carbon (1983) J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 16, pp. 470-475; Jasieńko-Hałat, M., Kedzior, K., Comparison of molecular sieve properties in microporous chars from low-rank bituminous coal activated by steam and carbon dioxide (2005) Carbon, 43, pp. 944-953; David, E., Talaie, A., Stanciu, V., Nicolae, A.C., Synthesis of carbon molecular sieves by benzene pyrolysis over microporous carbon materials (2004) J. Mater. Process. Technol., 157, pp. 290-296
C Y Yin, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2007)  Review of modifications of activated carbon for enhancing contaminant uptakes from aqueous solutions   Separation and Purification Technology 52: 3. 403-415  
Abstract: Due to its versatility and wide range of applications, activated carbon is widely used as contaminant removal media. Recent research have focused on enhancing the effectiveness of activated carbon by modifying their specific properties in order to enable the carbon to develop affinity for certain contaminants. In view of this, a comprehensive list of literatures on chemical, physical and biological modification techniques of activated carbon pertaining to enhancement of contaminant removal from aqueous solutions was compiled and reviewed. Acidic treatment to introduce acidic functional groups onto surface of activated carbon was by far, the most studied technique. It was apparent from the literature survey that the beneficial effects of specific modification techniques on activated carbon adsorption of targeted contaminant species from aqueous solutions were profound, with some studies reported increase of contaminant uptake factors of more than 2. Concurrently, considerable decreases associated with certain contaminant uptakes can also occur depending on the technique used.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):115 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: SPUTF :doi 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.06.009 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Yin, C.Y.; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; email: yinyang@salam.uitm.edu.my References: Chingombe, P., Saha, B., Wakeman, R.J., Surface modification and characterisation of a coal-based activated carbon (2005) Carbon, 43, pp. 3132-3143; Monser, L., Adhoum, N., Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater (2002) Sep. Purif. Technol., 26, pp. 137-146; (1980) Carbon Adsorption Handbook, , Cheremisinoff P.N., and Ellerbusch F. 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C Y Yin, M K Aroua, W M Daud (2007)  Modification of granular activated carbon using low molecular weight polymer for enhanced removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution   Water Science and Technology 56: 9. 95-101  
Abstract: Palm shell activated carbon was modified via surface impregnation with polyethyleneimine ( PEI) to enhance removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution in this study. The effect of PEI modification on batch adsorption of Cu2+ as well as the equilibrium behavior of adsorption of metal ions on activated carbon were investigated. PEI modification clearly increased the Cu2+ adsorption capacities by 68% and 75.86% for initial solution pH of 3 and 5 respectively. The adsorption data of Cu2+ on both virgin and PEI-modified AC for both initial solution pH of 3 and 5 fitted the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms considerably better than the Freundlich isotherm.
Notes: Times Cited: 2 Yin, C. Y. Aroua, M. K. Daud, W. M. A. W.
C Y Yin, M K Aroua, W M A W Daud (2007)  Impregnation of palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine and its effects on Cd2+ adsorption   Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 307: 1-3. 128-136  
Abstract: Palm shell activated carbon (AC) was impregnated with low (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) polyethyleneimine (PEI) via batch adsorption. The maximum amount of LMW PEI adsorbed on AC was determined to be approximately 425 mg/g carbon while the maximum adsorbed HMW PEI was 2.8 mg/g carbon. The LMW PEI adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The PEI impregnated AC were characterized via nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric, Fourier transform infra red and pH drift analyses. Only LMW PEI could be successfully impregnated as monolayers on the surface of the micropores. This impregnation leads to drastic reduction of surface area and pore volume whereas impregnation of HMW PEI does not significantly affect the physical characteristics of the AC. LMW PEI impregnation appears to enhance Cd2+ adsorption capacity of the AC while HMW PEI impregnation is found to have an opposite effect. This result shows that LMW PEI impregnation technique may have the potential to improve the batch adsorption capacity of AC for other transition metal ion adsorption as well.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):12 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CPEAE :doi 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.012 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; cadmium, 22537-48-0, 7440-43-9; polyethyleneimine, 74913-72-7 References: Chingombe, P., Saha, B., Wakeman, R.J., (2005) Carbon, 43, pp. 3132-3143; Adhoum, N., Monser, L., (2002) Chem. Eng. Process., 41, pp. 17-21; Jia, Y.F., Thomas, K.M., (2000) Langmuir, 16, pp. 1114-1122; Vladimir, S.J., Malik, D., (2002) J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 250, pp. 213-220; Ucer, A., Uyanik, A., Cay, S., Ozkan, Y., (2005) Sep. Purif. Technol., 44, pp. 11-17; Ucer, A., Uyanik, A., Aygun, S.F., (2006) Sep. Purif. Technol., 47, pp. 13-118; Park, S.J., Jang, Y.S., (2002) J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 249, pp. 458-463; Chen, J.P., Wu, S., Chong, K.H., (2003) Carbon, 41, pp. 1979-1986; Domingo-Garcia, M., Lopez-Garzon, F.J., Perez-Mendoza, M., (2000) J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 222, pp. 233-240; Yantasee, W., Lin, Y., Fryxell, G.E., Alford, K.L., Busche, B.J., Johnson, C.D., (2004) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, pp. 2759-2764; Arakaki, L.N.H., Espinola, J.G.P., de Oliveira, S.F., (2002) Colloid Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 203, pp. 129-136; Juang, R.S., Chen, M.N., (1996) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, pp. 1935-1943; Lopez-Ramon, M.V., Stoeckli, F., Moreno-Castilla, C., (1999) Carbon, 37, pp. 1215-1221; Mullet, M., Fievet, P., Szymczyk, A., (1999) Desalination, 121, pp. 41-48; Monser, L., Adhoum, N., (2002) Sep. Purif. Technol., 26, pp. 137-146; Chingombe, P., Saha, B., Wakeman, R.J., (2006) J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 297, pp. 434-442; Senthilkumaar, S., Kalaamani, P., Porkodi, K., (2006) Biores. Technol., 97 (14), pp. 1618-1625; Kalavathy, M.H., Karthikeyan, T., Rajgopal, S., (2005) J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 292, pp. 354-362; El-Sayed, Y., Bandosz, T.J., (2005) Langmuir, 21, pp. 1282-1289; Hu, Z., Srinivasan, M.P., (1999) Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 27 (1), pp. 11-18; Adinata, D., Daud, W.M.A.W., Aroua, M.K., (2007) Biores. Technol., 98 (1), pp. 145-149; Tseng, R.L., Tseng, S.K., Wu, F.C., (2006) Coll. Surf. A, 279, pp. 69-78; Gurses, A., Dogar, C., Karaca, S., (2006) J. Hazard. Mater. B, 131, pp. 254-259; Tseng, R.L., Tseng, S.K., (2006) J. Hazard. Mater., 136, pp. 671-680; Martínez, M.L., Torres, M.M., Guzmán, C.A., (2006) Ind. Crop Prod., 23, pp. 23-28; Daud, W.M.A.W., Ali, W.S.W., Sulaiman, M.Z., (2000) Carbon, 38 (14), pp. 1925-1932; Kim, D.J., Yie, J.E., (2005) J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 283, pp. 311-315; Rios, R.R.V.A., Alves, D.E., Dalmazio, I., (2003) Mater. Res., 6 (2), pp. 129-135; Swiatkowski, A., Pakula, M., Biniak, S., (2004) Carbon, 42, pp. 3057-3069; Issabayeva, G., Aroua, M.K., Sulaiman, N.M.N., (2006) Biores. Technol., 97, pp. 2350-2355; Dastgheib, S.A., Rockstraw, D.A., (2002) Carbon, 40, pp. 1843-1851; Kislenko, V.N., Oliynyk, L.P., (2002) J. Polym. Sci. A, 40, pp. 914-922; Kokorin, A.I., Lymar, S.V., Parmon, V.N., (1981) Polym. Sci. USSR, 23, pp. 2209-2214
A G Liew Abdullah, N M Sulaiman, M K Aroua, M J Megat Mohd Noor (2007)  Response surface optimization of conditions for clarification of carambola fruit juice using a commercial enzyme   Journal of Food Engineering 81: 1. 65-71  
Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for simultaneous analysis of the effects of enzymatic treatment conditions of incubation time, incubation temperature and enzyme concentration on physical characteristics such as turbidity, clarity, viscosity, and color. In this study, a two-factor central composite design was used to establish the optimum conditions for the enzymatic treatment for clarification of carambola fruit juice. Carambola fruit juice was treated with pectinase enzyme at different incubation time (20-100 min), incubation temperature (30-50 °C) and enzyme concentration (0.01-0.10 v/v%). These three variables were used as independent variables, whose effects on turbidity, clarity, viscosity and color were evaluated. Significant regression models describing the changes on turbidity, clarity, viscosity and color with respect to the independent variables were established with coefficient of determination, R 2, greater than 0.70. The results indicated that the enzyme concentration was the most important factor affecting the characteristics of the carambola fruit juice as it exerted a significant influence on most of the dependent variables. The recommended enzymatic treatment condition from the study was at 0.10% enzyme concentration at 30 °C for 20 min.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):31 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JFOED :doi 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.10.013 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Liew Abdullah, A.G.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ghaniey@eng.upm.edu.my References: Alvarez, S., Alvarez, R., Riera, F.A., Coca, J., Influence of depectinization on apple juice ultrafiltration (1998) Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 138, pp. 377-382; Baumann, J.W., Application of enzymes in fruit juice technology (1981) Enzymes and food processing, pp. 129-147. , Birch G.G., Blakebrough N., and Parker K.J. (Eds), Applied Science Publication, London; Brimelow, C.J.B., Groesbeck, C.A., Colour measurement of foods by colour reflectance instrumentation (1993) Instrumentation and sensors for the food industry, pp. 63-96. , Kress-Rogers E. (Ed), Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford; Busch-Kschiewan, K., Zentek, J., Wortmann, F.J., Biourge, V., UV light, temperature, and humidity effects on white hair color in dogs (2004) Journal of Nutrition., 134, pp. 2053S-2055S; Capanzana, M.V., Buckle, K.A., Optimisation of germination conditions by response surface methodology of a high amylose rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar (1997) Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und.-Technologie, 30, pp. 155-163; Ceci, L., Lozano, J., Determination of enzymatic activities of commercial pectinases for the clarification of apple juice (1998) Food Chemistry, 61, pp. 237-241; Chamchong, H., Noomhorm, A., Effect of pH and enzymatic treatment on microfiltration and ultrafiltration of tangerine juice (1991) Journal of Food Process Engineering, 14, pp. 21-34; Cheryan, M., Alvarez, J.R., Food and beverage industry application (1995) Membrane separation technology principles and applications, pp. 443-465. , Noble R.D., and Stern S.A. (Eds), Elsevier, London; Cochran, W.G., Cox, G.M., Some methods for the study of response surfaces (1957) Experimental designs. 2nd ed., pp. 12-20. , John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York; Giovanni, M., Response surface methodology and product optimization (1983) Food Technology, 37, pp. 41-45; Grassin, C., Fauquembergue, P., Application of pectinases in beverages (1996) Pectins and pectinases, pp. 453-462. , Visser J., and Voragen A.G.J. (Eds), Elsevier Science B.V; Grassin, C., Fauquembergue, P., Enzymes, fruit juice processing (1999) Encyclopedia of bioprocess technology, fermentation, biocatalysis, bioseparation, pp. 1030-1061. , Flickinger M.C., and Drew S.W. (Eds), John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York; Iraj, Ghazi., Ar’anzazu, G.D.Segura., Luc’Ãœa, F.-Arrojo., Miguel, Alcalde., Malcolm, Yates., Rojas-Cervantes, M.Luisa., Immobilisation of fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus aculeatus on epoxy-activated Sepabeads EC for the synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides (2005) Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 35, pp. 19-27; Isabella, M.B., Geraldo, A.M., Raimundo, W.F., Physical-chemical changes during extraction and clarification of guava juice (1995) Food Chemistry, 54 (4), pp. 383-386; Kashyap, D.R., Vohra, P.K., Chopra, S., Tewari, R., Applications of pectinases in the commercial sector: a review (2001) Bioresource Technology, 77, pp. 215-227; Kilara, A., Enzymes and their uses in the processed apple industry: a review (1982) Process Biochemistry, 23, pp. 35-41; Law, P.F., Abdullah, H., Handling and shipping of starfruits (1984) Majalah Teknologi Makanan, 3 (2), pp. 39-44; Lee, W.C., Yusof, S., Hamid, N.S.A., Baharin, B.S., Optimizing conditions for enzymatic clarification of banana juice using response surface methodology (RSM) (2006) Journal of Food Engineering, 73, pp. 55-63; Rai, P., Majumdar, G.C., DasGupta, S., De, S., Optimizing pectinase usage in pretreatment of mosambi juice for clarification by response surface methodology (2004) Journal of Food Engineering, 64, pp. 397-403; Sin, H.N., Yusof, S., Sheikh Abdul Hamid, N., Rahman, R.Abd., Optimization of enzymatic clarification of sapodilla juice using response surface methodology (2006) Journal of Food Engineering, 73, pp. 313-319; Siong, T.E., (1985) Division of human nutrition, , Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur; Sulaiman, M.Z., Sulaiman, N.M., Liew, S.Y., Limiting permeate flux in the clarification of untreated starfruit juice by membrane ultrafiltration (1998) Chemical Engineering Journal, 69 (2), pp. 145-148; Vaillant, F., Millan, A., Dornier, M., Decloux, M., Reynes, M., Strategy for economical optimisation of the clarification of pulpy fruit juices using crossflow microfiltration (2001) Journal of Food Engineering, 48, pp. 83-90; Vaillant, F., Millan, P., O’Brien, G., Dornier, M., Decloux, M., Reynes, M., Crossflow microfiltration of passion fruit juice after partial enzymatic liquefaction (1999) Journal of Food Engineering, 42, pp. 215-224; Wong, P.K., Yusof, S., Mohd Ghazali, H., Che Man, Y., Optimization of hot water extraction of Roselle juice by using response surface methodology: a comparative study with other extraction methods (2003) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83, pp. 1273-1278; Yusof, S., Ibrahim, N., Quality of soursop juice after pectinase enzyme treatment (1994) Food Chemistry, 51, pp. 83-88; Yusof, S., Talib, Z., Mohamed, S., Bakar, A., Use of response surface methodology in the development of guava concentrate (1988) Journal of Science and Food Agricultural, 43, pp. 173-186
M A Hussain, M K Aroua (2007)  Special issue on process systems engineering   Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 2: 6. 499-500  
Abstract: Process Systems Engineering is broadly defined as an academic and technological field related to methodologies for chemical engineering systems. These methodologies include steps of planning, design, operation, and control of various operations in chemical process systems. However, the context of Process Systems Engineering has been expanded from the design of unit operations to the design of chemical processes and large process systems. It has also evolved from design problems to include operational problems, and from singleobjective optimization to multi-objective optimization. These advances have been made possible in a short period of time due to the rapid development of computer technology today. The papers of this special edition have been compiled to demonstrate the changes and advances that have been made in the field of Process Systems Engineering in various aspects involving Chemical Engineering and its related processes. It also reflects some of the important issues facing process engineers within this Asia-Pacific region at large.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus :doi 10.1002/apj.104 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Hussain, M.A.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; email: mohd_azlan@um.edu.my
2006
G Issabayeva, M K Aroua, N M Sulaiman (2006)  Electrodeposition of copper and lead on palm shell activated carbon in a flow-through electrolytic cell   Desalination 194: 1-3. 192-201  
Abstract: Palm shell is an abundant solid waste generated from the palm oil industry in Malaysia. Activated carbon obtained from palm shells has good electrochemical properties and may be used as a working electrode material to remove ions of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. Results are presented on the electrodeposition of copper and lead ions onto palm shell activated carbon electrodes in terms of current efficiency (%). The study was carried out in a continuous packed-bed electrochemical cell. The effects of applied current, solution flow rate, pH of the feed, and presence of complexing agents namely malonic and boric acids on the overall current efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the current efficiency increases with an increase of the flow rate. The application of more negative current to the electrolytic cell resulted in the decrease of current efficiency values. Presence of malonic acid resulted in a relative increase of the current efficiency compared to the single metal system for both pH 3 and 5. The presence of boric acid also resulted in a similar overall increase of the current efficiency. The concentration of the solution leaving the cell strongly depended on the current values applied as well as the solution flow rate; for copper it varied between 0-20 mg/L, and for lead it was between 0-5 mg/L from an inlet value of 50 mg/L for both ions. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Notes: 059DC Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:25
K Yasotha, M K Aroua, K B Ramachandran, I K P Tan (2006)  Recovery of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) through enzymatic digestion treatments and ultrafiltration   Biochemical Engineering Journal 30: 3. 260-268  
Abstract: Medium-chain-length (mcl) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters accumulated intracellularly as energy resources by bacterial species such as Pseudomonas putida. The most popular method for PHA recovery in the downstream processing is solvent extraction using chloroform and methanol. An alternate method is bioseparation using enzymatic digestion process which eliminates the need for hazardous solvents. This research focuses on an attempt to optimize the recovery of PHAs by solubilisation of non-PHA granules through enzymatic treatments such as; Alcalase (to digest the denatured proteins), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to assist solubilisation, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) to complex divalent cations and lysozyme to digest the peptidoglycan wall enveloping the cell. The experiment was designed through Taguchi’s design of experiment (DOE) using Qualitek-4 software. The results show that Alcalase enzyme used had the most significant effect on the treatment process and contributed to about 71.5% in terms of process factor importance among the different factors on treatment performance for PHA recovery. It is desired to recover the PHA granules in water suspension after the enzymatic treatment by removing the solubilised non-PHA cell material through crossflow ultrafiltration system and purified through continuous diafiltration process. Final purity of PHA in water suspension obtained using GC analysis is 92.6%, with a nearly 90% recovery, thus concluding that this method is indeed a suitable alternative.
Notes: 064PO Times Cited:19 Cited References Count:22
G Issabayeva, M K Aroua, N M N Sulaiman (2006)  Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon   Bioresour Technol 97: 18. 2350-2355  
Abstract: The performance of a commercially available palm shell based activated carbon to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption was evaluated. The adsorption experiments were carried out at pH 3.0 and 5.0. The effect of malonic and boric acid presence on the adsorption of lead ions was also studied. Palm shell activated carbon showed high adsorption capacity for lead ions, especially at pH 5 with an ultimate uptake of 95.2 mg/g. This high uptake showed palm shell activated carbon as amongst the best adsorbents for lead ions. Boric acid presence did not affect significantly lead uptake, whereas malonic acid decreased it. The diffuse layer surface complexation model was applied to predict the extent of adsorption. The model prediction was found to be in concordance with the experimental values.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):67 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: BIRTE :doi 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.023 PubMed ID: 16321520 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Chemical Engineering Department, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my : Chemicals/CASactivated carbon, 64365-11-3, 82228-96-4; boric acid, 10043-35-3, 11113-50-1, 11129-12-7, 14213-97-9; lead, 13966-28-4, 7439-92-1; malonic acid, 141-82-2, 156-80-9; Boric Acids; Charcoal, 16291-96-6; Lead, 7439-92-1; Malonates; boric acid, 11113-50-1; malonic acid, 141-82-2 References: Abdel-Halim, S.H., Shehata, A.M.A., El-Shahat, M.F., Removal of lead ions from industrial waste water by different types of natural materials (2003) Water Res., 37, pp. 1678-1683; Boehm, H.P., Some aspects of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks and other carbons (1994) Carbon, 32 (5), pp. 759-769; Chen, J.P., Lin, M.S., Equilibrium and kinetics metal ion adsorption onto a commercial H-type granular activated carbon: experimental and modeling studies (2001) Water Res., 2 (35), pp. 2385-2394; Chen, J.P., Wang, X., Removing copper, zinc, and lead ion by granular activated carbon in pretreated fixed-bed columns (2002) Sep. Purif. Technol., 19, pp. 157-167; Chen, J., Yiacoumi, S., Blaydes, T.G., Equilibrium and kinetic studies of copper adsorption by activated carbon (1996) Sep. Technol., 6, pp. 133-146; Chen, J.P., Hong, L., Wu, S.N., Wang, L., Elucidation of interactions between metal ions and Ca-alginate based ion exchange resin by spectroscopic analysis and modelling simulation (2002) Langmuir, 18 (24), pp. 9413-9421; Chen, J.P., Wu, Sh., Chong, K.-H., Surface modification of a granular activated carbon by citric acid for enhancement of copper adsorption (2003) Carbon, 41, pp. 1979-1986; Chu, K.H., Hashim, M.A., Adsorption characteristics of trivalent chromium on palm oil fuel ash (2002) Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 4, pp. 8-15; Chu, K.H., Hashim, M.A., Adsorption and desorption characteristics of zinc on ash particles derived from oil palm waste (2002) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77, pp. 685-693; Corapcioglu, M.O., Huang, C.P., The adsorption of heavy metals onto hydrous activated carbon (1987) Water Res., 21, pp. 1031-1044; Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., (1966) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. second ed., , Interscience, NY; Dastgheib, S.A., Rockstraw, D.A., A model for the adsorption of single metal ion solutes in aqueous solution onto activated carbon produced from pecan shells (2002) Carbon, 40, pp. 1843-1851; Daud, W.M.A.W., Ali, W.S.W., Comparison on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell and coconut shell (2004) Biores. Technol., 93, pp. 63-69; Daud, W.M.A.W., Ali, W.S.W., Sulaiman, M.Z., Effect of activation temperature on pore development in activated carbon produced from palm shell (2002) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78, pp. 1-5; Donnet, J.B., (1968) Carbon, 6, p. 161; Faur-Brasquet, C., Reddad, Z., Kadirvelu, K., Le Cloirec, P., Modeling the adsorption of metal ions (Cu, Ni, Pb) onto ACCs using surface complexation models (2002) Appl. Surf. Sci., 196, pp. 356-365; Gharajbeh, S.H., Abu-El-Sha’r, W.Y., Al-Kofani, M.M., Removal of selected heavy metals from aqueous solutions using processed solid residue of olive mill products (1998) Water Res., 32 (2), pp. 498-502; Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Preparation and characterization of adsorbents from oil palm fruit solid wastes (2000) J. Oil Palm Res., 12 (1), pp. 64-70; Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Adsorption of sulphur dioxide onto activated carbons prepared from oil palm shells impregnated with potassium hydroxide (2000) J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 75, pp. 971-976; Guo, J., Lua, A.C., Textural and chemical properties of adsorbent prepared from palm shell by phosphoric acid activation (2003) Mater. Chem. Phys., 80, pp. 114-119; Ho, Y.S., Wase, D.A.J., Forster, C.F., Removal of lead ions from aqueous solution using sphagnum moss peat as adsorbent (1996) Water SA, 22, pp. 219-224; Hussein, M.Z., Tarmizi, R.S.H., Zainal, Z., Ibrahim, R., Badri, M., Preparation and characterization of active carbons from oil palm shells (1996) Carbon, 34 (11), pp. 1447-1454; Lopez-Ramon, M.V., Stoeckli, F., Moreno-Castilla, C., Carasco-Martin, F., On the characterization of acidic and basic surface sites on carbons by various techniques (1999) Carbon, 37, pp. 1215-1221; Lua, A.C., Guo, J., Preparation and characterization of chars from oil palm waste (1998) Carbon, 36 (11), pp. 1663-1670; Meunier, N., Laroulandie, J., Blais, J.F., Tyagi, R.D., Cocoa shells for heavy metal removal from acidic solutions (2003) Biores. Technol., 90 (3), pp. 229-351; Mullet, M., Fievet, P., Szymczyk, A., Foissy, A., Reggiani, J.-C., Pagetti, J., A simple and accurate determination of the point of zero charge of ceramic membranes (1999) Desalination, 121, pp. 41-48; Okieimen, F.E., Okundia, E.U., Ogbeifun, D.E., Sorption of cadmium and lead ions on modified groundnut husks (1991) J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 51, pp. 91-103; Quek, S.Y., Wase, D.A.J., Forster, C.F., The use of sago waste for sorption of lead and copper (1998) Water SA, 24 (3), pp. 251-256; Rajakovic, Lj.V., Ristic, M.Dj., Sorption of boric acid and borax by activated carbon impregnated with various compounds (1996) Carbon, 34 (6), pp. 769-774; Ravat, C., Dumonceau, J., Monteil-Rivera, F., Acid/base and Cu(II) binding properties of natural organic matter extracted from wheat bran: modeling by the surface complexation model (2000) Water Res., 34 (4), pp. 1327-1339; Ringqvist, L., Holmgren, A., Oborn, I., Poorly humified peat as an adsorbent for metals in wastewater (2002) Water Res., 36, pp. 2394-2404; Salim, M.R., Othman, F., Imtiaj Ali, Md., Patterson, J., Hardy, T., Application of locally available materials for the treatment of organic polluted water (2002) Water Sci. Technol., 46, pp. 339-346; Srivastava, S.K., Bhattacharjee, G., Tyagi, R., Pant, N., Pal, N., (1988) Environ. Technol. Lett., 9, pp. 1173-1185; Srivastava, S.K., Tyagi, R., Pal, N., (1989) Environ. Technol. Lett., 10, pp. 275-282; Tan, W.T., Kian, R.M., Removal of lead, cadmium and zinc by waste tea leaves (1988) Environ. Technol. Lett., 9, pp. 1223-1232
2005
A Benamor, M K Aroua (2005)  Modeling of CO2 solubility and carbamate concentration in DEA, MDEA and their mixtures using the Deshmukh-Mather model   Fluid Phase Equilibria 231: 2. 150-162  
Abstract: The equilibrium of CO2 and carbamate concentration data for the absorption of CO2 in aqueous solutions of single and mixed amines was analyzed using the Deshmukh-Mather model. Data on CO2 loading in aqueous solutions of DEA and MDEA and their mixtures at various temperature (303-323 K) and CO2 partial pressure (0.09-100 kPa) together with carbamate concentrations in case of DEA and its mixtures with MDEA were fitted simultaneously to generate the different interaction parameters required to calculate the activity coefficients in the model. Using the generated interaction parameters, the model was applied to correlate the CO2 loading in solutions of DEA and MDEA and their mixtures reported in the literature as well as those obtained in our laboratory and was found to be able to give a good estimation of CO2 loading and carbamate concentration over a wide range of operating conditions in both single and mixed amine solutions.
Notes: 932XX Times Cited:34 Cited References Count:24
Harunsyah, N M Sulaiman, M K Aroua (2005)  Treatment of skim latex serum using gas sparged ultrafiltration   Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing 13: 5-6. 667-674  
Abstract: The major pollutants from a natural rubber processing factory have high organic content and emit an offensive smell due to the biodegradation of the organic matter. In latex concentrate factories, the main sources of effluent are the skim latex serum and washings from all process equipment. This paper presents an application of membrane technology that involves gas sparging for the treatment of skim latex serum. A semi-pilot-scale system using a PVDF vertical tubular membrane (MWCO 100,000) was installed as the experimental setup. Nitrogen gas was bubbled vertically upwards at flowrates ranging from 300 to 500 ml/min. Results obtained thus far show that gas sparging has increased the permeate flux between 1.37% and 146.34% compared to non-gas sparged conditions. In terms of permeate quality, the reductions achieved for suspended solids, total solids, COD, BOD, total nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen were 83%, 95%, 67%, 77%, 51%, 74%, respectively, for the gas-sparged condition. Under non gas-sparging conditions, reductions achieved for suspended solids, total solids, COD, BOD, total nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen were 92%, 96%, 67%, 72%, 60%, 75%, respectively.
Notes: Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: DCEPE Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Aroua, M.K.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: mk_aroua@um.edu.my References: (1990) List of Latex Concentrate and SMR Factories in Malaysia, , Malaysia; (2000) Technology Digest, 1 (2000). , Malaysia; (2000) Characterisation of Sludge and Effluent from Latex Products Manufacture, , Malaysia; Cheryan, M., (1998) Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Handbook, , Technomic Publishing Company, USA; Zeman, L.J., Zydney, A.L., (1996) Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration: Principles and Applications, , Marcel Dekker, New York; Cui, Z., Wright, K., Flux enhancements with gas sparging in downwards crossflow ultrafiltration: Performance and mechanism (1996) J. Membrane Sci., 117, pp. 109-116; Cui, Z., Wright, K., Gas-liquid two-phase crossflow ultrafiltration of BSA and dextran solutions (1994) J. Membrane Sci., 90, pp. 183-189; Um, M.J., Chung-Hak Lee, S.H., Chun, K.Y., Kim, J.J., Flux enhancement with gas injection in crossflow ultrafiltration of oily wastewater (2001) Water Research, 35, pp. 4095-4101; (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19 th Edition, , Washington DC, USA; (1997) Water Analysis Handbook. 3rd Edition, , Colorado, USA
2004
B S Ali, M K Aroua (2004)  Effect of piperazine on CO2 loading in aqueous solutions of MDEA at low pressure   International Journal of Thermophysics 25: 6. 1863-1870  
Abstract: Solubilities of CO2 in aqueous solutions of activated methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) has been investigated for temperatures and CO 2 partial pressures ranging from 40 to 80°C and 0.1 to 100 kPa, respectively. Piperazine (PZ) is used as activator, with a concentration ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 M, keeping the amine total concentration in the aqueous solution at 2 M. The experimental solubility results were represented by the mole ratio of CO2 per activated amine present in the liquid mixture. The addition of piperazine, as activator for MDEA, increased the solubility of CO2 in the region of low CO2 partial pressure compared to pure MDEA. The CO2 loading increased with decreasing temperature, increasing CO2 partial pressure, and increasing PZ concentration.
Notes: 875RK Times Cited:16 Cited References Count:15
M K Aroua, R M Salleh (2004)  Solubility of CO2 in aqueous piperazine and its modeling using the Kent-Eisenberg approach   Chemical Engineering & Technology 27: 1. 65-70  
Abstract: A systematic investigation of the equilibrium solubility of CO2 in aqueous piperazine solutions was conducted in a double-jacketed stirred cell reactor. The solubilities of CO2 in the solution were measured at 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C with CO2 partial pressures ranging from 0.4-95 kPa. Generally the aqueous piperazine solution exhibits the same characteristics as conventional alkanolamines. Increasing the CO2 partial pressure increases the gas loading, however increasing the temperature or concentration decreases the CO2 loading. The values of the CO2 loading obtained confirm that the piperazine forms stable carbamates. The equilibrium solubility data were analyzed using a Kent-Eisenberg approach. Representation of the model is generally in good agreement with that of the experimental data, especially at high temperature.
Notes: 766VB Times Cited:17 Cited References Count:18
2002
M K Aroua, M Z Haji-Sulaiman, K Ramasamy (2002)  Modelling of carbon dioxide absorption in aqueous solutions of AMP and MDEA and their blends using Aspenplus   Separation and Purification Technology 29: 2. 153-162  
Abstract: In this paper the results of an experimental investigation on the solubility of CO2 in methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), a tertiary amine, and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), a primary sterically hindered amine as well as their mixtures are presented. It is shown that AMP CO2 uptake is higher as compared to that of MDEA. The addition of AMP to MDEA enhances the CO2 loading of the latter. The experimental data for single amines are used to generate the electrolyte NRTL model parameters that is available in the AspenPlus Software. The results have indicated that parameters generated using data obtained at limited operating conditions are able to accurately predict the CO2 solubilities at other conditions. Furthermore, the model is also able to estimate the CO2 loading in AMP-MDEA mixtures.
Notes: 598KK Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:21
1999
M K Aroua, A Benamor, M Z Haji-Sulaiman (1999)  Equilibrium constant for carbamate formation from monoethanolamine and its relationship with temperature   Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 44: 5. 887-891  
Abstract: The equilibrium constant for the formation of carbamate from monoethanolamine (MEA) was evaluated at various temperatures of 298, 308, 318, and 328 K and ionic strength up to 1.7 M. The equilibrium constant has been estimated by extrapolating the value of the calculated apparent equilibrium constant to zero ionic strength. A relationship on its variations with temperature is also proposed.
Notes: 238YU Times Cited:8 Cited References Count:14
1998
M Z Haji-Sulaiman, M K Aroua, A Benamor (1998)  Analysis of equilibrium data of CO2 in aqueous solutions of diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and their mixtures using the modified Kent Eisenberg model   Chemical Engineering Research & Design 76: A8. 961-968  
Abstract: Equilibrium data on the absorption of CO2 in aqueous solutions of single and mixed amine was analysed using the Modified Kent Eisenberg model. The experimental value of the examined constant for the formation of carbamate, instead of the fitted value as usual was analysed using the Modified Kent Eisenberg model. The experimental value usually used by other investigators, was applied in the analysis. Data on CO2 loading in aqueous solutions of DEA and MDEA at various temperature (303-323 K) and CO2 partial pressure (0.09-100 kPa) obtained from a stirred reactor was fitted to generate the different parameters in the model. Using these constants, the model was applied to predict the CO2 loading in solutions of DEA and MDEA reported in the literature. Prediction was also made on the loading in solutions of mixed DEA/MDEA obtained from experiments conducted over a range of composition (DEA:MDEA = 0-1) at different temperatures of 303-323 K, as well as those reported in the literature. In all cases, it was found that the model was able to give a relatively good CO2 loading over a wide range of operating conditions both in solutions of single and mixed amine using the constants generated from single amine experiments. It also suggested that the experimental value of the equilibrium constant for the formation of carbamate obtained from an earlier work can be taken as the true value for the reaction.
Notes: 160KV Times Cited:15 Cited References Count:19
1997
M Z Haji-Sulaiman, M K Aroua (1997)  Activation energy for the oxidation of Malaysian coal chars   Journal of the Institute of Energy 70: 483. 52-56  
Abstract: The oxidation of two Malaysian coal chars has been studied by means of a thermal gravimetric analyser (TGA). The weight-loss data were analysed by the Temperature Program Reaction (TPR) technique, which employed the random pore model of Bhatia &amp; Perlmutter1. All experiments were conducted within a temperature range of 698-773 K (isothermal condition) and heating rates of 2-10 K min-1 (dynamic condition) with char samples in the size range 53-75 ÎŒm. It was found that the random pore model can accurately describe the oxidation of char to yield activation energy that is similar to that obtained from model free kinetics, provided the structural parameter ψ, which is an input to the model, is taken as an adjustable parameter.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):7 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: JINED Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Bhatia, S.K., Perlmutter, D.D., (1981) AIChE J, 27, p. 226; Miura, K., Silveston, P.L., (1989) Energy & Fuel, 3, p. 243; Chen, Y., Mori, S., (1995) Energy & Fuel, 9, p. 71; Tsai, C.Y., Scaroni, A.W., (1987) Fuel, 66, p. 1400; Tseng, H.P., Edgar, T.F., (1984) Fuel, 63, p. 385
M K Aroua, A B Amor, M Z Haji-Sulaiman (1997)  Temperature dependency of the equilibrium constant for the formation of carbamate from diethanolamine   Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 42: 4. 692-696  
Abstract: The equilibrium constant for the formation of diethanolamine carbamate was determined experimentally at (303, 313, 323, and 331) K for ionic strengths up to 1.8 mol dm-3, the inert electrolyte being NaClO4. A linear relationship was found to hold between log K and I0.5. The thermodynamical constant has been determined and expressed by the equation log K1 = -5.12 + 1.781 × 103 K/T.
Notes: Xk921 Times Cited:12 Cited References Count:16
1996
M Z Haji-Sulaiman, M K Aroua (1996)  Equilibrium of CO2 in aqueous diethanolamine (DEA) and Amino Methyl Propanol (AMP) solutions   Chemical Engineering Communications 140: 157-171  
Abstract: Equilibrium data of CO2 in aqueous solutions of DEA and AMP for a range of CO2 partial pressure (0.5-100 kPa) and temperature (25-80°C) obtained using a stirred cell reactor is presented in this paper. The data were analyzed using the Deshmukh and Mather Model. It has been found that this model is able to predict results which are close to the experimental data in terms of the total CO2 loadings and the pH of the solution, an additional parameter which was monitored in this work. Comparison was also made with other published results using the different interaction parameters generated in this work. Good agreement between predicted and experimental values were also observed. © 1996 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) Amsterdam B.V. Published in The Netherlands under license by Gordon and Breach Science Publishers SA.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):13 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: CEGCA Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Danckwerts, P.V., McNeil, K.M., The Absorption of Carbon Dioxide into Aqueous Amine Solutions and the Effects of Catalysis (1967) Trans. Instn. Chem. Engrs, 45, pp. T31; Sartori, G., Savage, W., Sterically hindered Amines for CO2 Removal from Gases (1983) Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 22, p. 239; Kent, R.L., Eisenberg, B., Better Data for Amine Treating (1976) Hydrocarbon Process., 55 (2), p. 87; Chen, C.C., Evans, L.B., A Local Composition Model for the Excess Gibbs Energy of Aqueous Electrolyte System (1986) AIChE J., 32, p. 444; Deshmukh, R.D., Mather, A.E., A Mathematical Model for Equilibrium Solubility of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Alkanolamine Solutions (1981) Chem. Eng. Science, 36, p. 355; Austgen, D.M., Rochelle, G.T., Peng, X., Chen, C.C., Model of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Aqueous Acid Gas- Alkanolamine Systems Using the Electrolyte-NRTL Equation (1989) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 28, p. 1060; Hu, W., Chakma, A., Modelling of Equilibrium Solubility of CO2 and H2S in Aqueous Amino Methyl Propanol (AMP) solutions (1990) Chem. Eng. Comm., 94, p. 53; Chakraborty, A.K., Astarita, G., Bischoff, K.B., CO2 Absorption in Aqueous Solutions of Hindered Amines (1986) Chem. Eng. Sci., 41, p. 997; Horowitz, W., (1975) AOAC Methods, , George Banta Co; Guggenheim, E.A., The Specific Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Strong Electrolytes (1935) Phil. Mag., 19, p. 588; Debye, P., HÃŒckel, E., The Theory of Electrolytes 1. Lowering of Freezing Point and Related Phenomena (1923) Phys. Z., 24, p. 185; Lewis, G.N., Randall, M., Pitzer, K.S., Brewer, L., (1961) Thermodynamics, , McGraw Hill; Pitzer, K.S., Thermodynamics of Electrolytes, I. Theoretical Basis and General Equations (1973) J. Phys. Chem., 77, p. 268; Pitzer, K.S., Kim, J.J., Thermodynamics of Electrolytes, IV (1974) J. Am. Chem Soc., 96, p. 5701; Littel, R.J., Bos, N., Knoop, G.J., Dissociation Constants of Some Alkanolamines at 293, 303, 313 and 333 K (1990) J. Chem Eng Data., 35, p. 276; Danckwerts, P.V., Chan, H.M., Equilibrium of MEA and DEA with Carbonate and Carbamate (1981) Chem Eng Sci., 36, p. 229; Shahi, P., Hu, Y., Chakma, A., Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Acid Gases in Single/Mixed Alkanolamines (1994) Journal of Chromatography, , Submitted for Publication February; Perrin, D.D., (1965) Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution, , Butterworths, London; Edwards, T.J., Maurer, G., Newman, J., Prausnitz, J.M., Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Multi-component Aqueous Solutions of Volatile Weak Electrolytes (1978) AIChE J., 24, p. 966; Lee, J.I., Otto, F.D., Mather, A.E., Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions at High Pressures (1972) J. Chem. Eng. Data., 17, p. 465; Lee, J.I., Otto, F.D., Mather, A.E., Solubility of Mixtures of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulphide in Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions (1974) Can. J. Chem. Eng., 52, p. 803; Oyevaar, M.H., Fontein, H.J., Westerterp, K.R., Equilibria of CO2 in Solutions of Diethanolamine in Aqueous Ethylene Glycol at 298 K (1989) J. Chem. Eng. Data., 34, p. 405; Roberts, B.E., Mather, A.E., Solubility of CO2 and H2S in a Hindered Amine Solution (1988) Chem. Eng. Comm., 64, p. 105; Teng, T.T., Mather, A.E., Solubility of H2S, CO2 and Their Mixtures in an AMP Solution (1989) Can. J. Chem. Eng., 67, p. 846; Tontiwachwuthikul, P., Meisen, A., Lim, C.J., Solubility of CO2 in 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol Solutions (1991) J. Chem. Eng Data., 36, p. 130
M Z Haji-Sulaiman, M K Aroua, M I Pervez (1996)  Equilibrium concentration profiles of species in CO2-alkanolamine-water systems   Gas Separation and Purification 10: 1. 13-18  
Abstract: Equilibrium concentrations of species and gas loading in aqueous solutions of alkanolamine loaded with CO2 are being compared with predicted profiles obtained from the Deshmukh-Mather Model. A new technique is being proposed based on titration using a base, NaOH, to determine the concentrations of the different species at equilibrium. The technique is reliable and easy to perform to give reproducible results. Experimental and predicted concentrations of species are in good agreement over a range of gas loading between 0.4 and 1.0 for aqueous AMP solutions. For DEA, the predicted and measured values complement each other at high loading typically above 0.6. At low loading, there is a significant difference between the sets of values for carbamate and bicarbonate. These differences are likely due to the value of the equilibrium constant for the carbamate formation, which is taken as an adjustable parameter in the model, to give the best fit to the experimental data of either CO2 partial pressure or gas loading. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):17 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Kent, R.L., Eisenberg, B., (1976) Hydrocarbon Process, 55, pp. 87-90; Austgen, D.M., Rochelle, G.T., Peng, X., Chen, C.C., (1989) Ind Engng Chem Res, 28, pp. 1060-1073; Deshmukh, R.D., Mather, A.E., (1981) Chem Engng Sci, 36, pp. 355-362; Chakraborty, A.K., Astarita, G., Bischoff, K.B., (1986) Chem Engng Sci, 41, pp. 997-1003; Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z., Aroua, M.K., Equilibrium of CO2 in aqueous Diethanolamine (DEA) and Amino Methyl Propanol (AMP) solutions Chem Engng Commun, , in press; Horowitz, W., (1975) AOAC Methods, , George Banta Co; Shahi, P., Hu, Y., Chakma, A., (1995) J Chromatography A, 687, pp. 121-132; Chan, H.M., Danckwerts, P.V., (1981) Chem Engng Sci, 36, pp. 229-230; Jensen, A., Faurholt, C., (1952) Acta Chem Scand, 6, pp. 385-394; Edwards, T.J., Maurer, G., Newman, J., Prausnitz, J.R., (1978) AIChE J, 24, pp. 966-976; Critchfield, F.E., Johnson, J.B., (1958) Anal Chem, 30, pp. 1247-1249; Critchfield, F.E., Johnson, J.B., (1959) Anal Chem, 31, pp. 570-572; Chan, C.Y., Eng, Y.W., Eu, K.S., (1995) J Chem Engng Data, 40, pp. 685-691; Perrin, D.D., (1965) Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution, , Butterworths, London; Littel, R.J., Bos, N., Knoop, G.J., (1990) J Chem Engng Data, 35, pp. 276-277; Hu, W., Chakma, A., (1990) Chem Engng Commun, 94, pp. 53-61; Tontiwachwuthikul, P., Meisen, A., Lim, C.J., (1991) J Chem Engng Data, 36, pp. 130-133; Lee, J.I., Otto, F.D., Mather, A.E., (1972) J Chem Engng Data, 17, pp. 465-468; Roberts, B.E., Mather, A.E., (1988) Chem Engng Commun, 64, pp. 105-111
M Z Haji-Sulaiman, M K Aroua, M I Pervez (1996)  Equilibrium concentration profiles of species in CO2-alkanolamine-water systems   Gas Separation and Purification 10: 1. 13-18  
Abstract: Equilibrium concentrations of species and gas loading in aqueous solutions of alkanolamine loaded with CO2 are being compared with predicted profiles obtained from the Deshmukh-Mather Model. A new technique is being proposed based on titration using a base, NaOH, to determine the concentrations of the different species at equilibrium. The technique is reliable and easy to perform to give reproducible results. Experimental and predicted concentrations of species are in good agreement over a range of gas loading between 0.4 and 1.0 for aqueous AMP solutions. For DEA, the predicted and measured values complement each other at high loading typically above 0.6. At low loading, there is a significant difference between the sets of values for carbamate and bicarbonate. These differences are likely due to the value of the equilibrium constant for the carbamate formation, which is taken as an adjustable parameter in the model, to give the best fit to the experimental data of either CO2 partial pressure or gas loading.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996):17 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Kent, R.L., Eisenberg, B., (1976) Hydrocarbon Process, 55, pp. 87-90; Austgen, D.M., Rochelle, G.T., Peng, X., Chen, C.C., (1989) Ind Engng Chem Res, 28, pp. 1060-1073; Deshmukh, R.D., Mather, A.E., (1981) Chem Engng Sci, 36, pp. 355-362; Chakraborty, A.K., Astarita, G., Bischoff, K.B., (1986) Chem Engng Sci, 41, pp. 997-1003; Haji-Sulaiman, M.Z., Aroua, M.K., Equilibrium of CO2 in aqueous Diethanolamine (DEA) and Amino Methyl Propanol (AMP) solutions Chem Engng Commun, , in press; Horowitz, W., (1975) AOAC Methods, , George Banta Co; Shahi, P., Hu, Y., Chakma, A., (1995) J Chromatography A, 687, pp. 121-132; Chan, H.M., Danckwerts, P.V., (1981) Chem Engng Sci, 36, pp. 229-230; Jensen, A., Faurholt, C., (1952) Acta Chem Scand, 6, pp. 385-394; Edwards, T.J., Maurer, G., Newman, J., Prausnitz, J.R., (1978) AIChE J, 24, pp. 966-976; Critchfield, F.E., Johnson, J.B., (1958) Anal Chem, 30, pp. 1247-1249; Critchfield, F.E., Johnson, J.B., (1959) Anal Chem, 31, pp. 570-572; Chan, C.Y., Eng, Y.W., Eu, K.S., (1995) J Chem Engng Data, 40, pp. 685-691; Perrin, D.D., (1965) Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution, , Butterworths, London; Littel, R.J., Bos, N., Knoop, G.J., (1990) J Chem Engng Data, 35, pp. 276-277; Hu, W., Chakma, A., (1990) Chem Engng Commun, 94, pp. 53-61; Tontiwachwuthikul, P., Meisen, A., Lim, C.J., (1991) J Chem Engng Data, 36, pp. 130-133; Lee, J.I., Otto, F.D., Mather, A.E., (1972) J Chem Engng Data, 17, pp. 465-468; Roberts, B.E., Mather, A.E., (1988) Chem Engng Commun, 64, pp. 105-111
1992
J Bessiere, M K Aroua (1992)  Electrochemical Determination of Acid-Base and Oxidation-Reduction Properties of Concentrated Phosphoric-Acid Solutions Progressively Neutralized by Soda   Canadian Journal of Chemistry-Revue Canadienne De Chimie 70: 6. 1843-1848  
Abstract: Acid-base properties in 7 M H3PO4 medium neutralized by soda are characterized with an R(H) acidity function and R(H2PO4-), R(HPO42-), R(PO43-) basicity functions, which respectively represent the H+ activity in these media and their ability to donate H2PO4-, HPO42-, PO43- ions. The acidity level of these media (Na/P = 0.0-1.6), changes from R(H) = -2.7 to R(H) = +7.5. The accessible potential domain for the media studied is close to 1. 23 V. Activities of these solutions in water vary between 0.66 and 0. 8 1. The ranges of electroactivity for platinum, carbon, and mercury electrodes are also determined.
Notes: Jr097 Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:27

Conference papers

2010
S Sulaiman, A A A Raman, M K Aroua (2010)  Coconut waste as a source for biodiesel production   In: 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, ICBEE 2010 254-256  
Abstract: Biodiesel industry needs a cheaper and economical viable raw material that can replace the currently used vegetable oil. Obtaining cheaper raw materials are one of the continuous targets of many biodiesel producing facilities since 70 to 95 % of the production costs are attributed to raw materials. One of the main options is to use waste material from animal and plant sources. In this study, coconut waste is used to produce biodiesel using methanol and KOH. The oil content in coconut waste varies from 10-11 wt%. The highest yield, 64 % is achieved with 5 wt% of KOH within 3 hr by mixing raw material and methanol.
Notes: Conference code: 83351 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5653534 :doi 10.1109/ICBEE.2010.5653534 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Sulaiman, S.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: rin2207@yahoo.com References: Rashid, U., Anwar, F., Moser, B.R., Ashraf, S., Production of sunflower oil methyl esters by optimized alkali-catalyzed methanolysis (2008) Biomass and Bioenergy, , Doi:10.1016/J.Biombioe.2008.03.001; Sarin, R., Malhotra, R.K., Jatropha-Palm : Biodiesel blends: An optimum mix for asia (2007) Fuel, 86, pp. 1365-1371; Bhatti, H.N., Hanif, M.A., Qasim, M., Rehman, A.-U., Biodiesel production from waste tallow (2008) Fuel, 87, pp. 2961-2966; Alamu, O.J., Waheed, M.A., Jekayinfa, S.O., Effect of ethanol-palm kernel oil ratio on alkali-catalyzed biodiesel yield (2008) Fuel, 87, pp. 1529-1533; Aresta, M., Dibenedetto, A., Carone, M., Colonna, T., Fragale, C., Production of biodiesel from macroalgae by supercritical CO2 extraction and thermochemical liquefaction (2005) Environ Chem Lett, 3, pp. 136-139; Encinar, J.M., González, J.F., Rodríguez-Reinares, A., Ethanolysis of used frying oil (2007) Biodiesel Preparation and Characterization, Fuel Processing Technology, 88, pp. 513-522; Soumanou, M.M., Bornscheuer, U.T., Improvement in lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from sunflower oil (2003) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 33, pp. 97-103; Shah, S., Gupta, M.N., Lipase catalyzed preparation of biodiesel from jatropha oil in a solvent free system (2007) Process Biochemistry, 42, pp. 409-414; Tomasevic, A.V., Siler-Marinkovic, S.S., Methanolysis of used frying oil (2003) Fuel Processing Technology, 81, pp. 1-6; Anwar, F., Rashid, U., Ashraf, M., Nadeem, M., Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seed oil for biodiesel production (2010) Applied Energy, 87 (3), pp. 779-785; Karmakar, A., Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production (2010) Bioresour. Technol., , doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.079; Zhang, Y., Dube, M.A., McLean, D.D., Kates, M., Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 2. Economic assessment and sensitivity analysis (2003) Bioresource Technology, 90 (3), pp. 229-240. , DOI 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00150-0; Lim, S., Teong, L.K., Recent trends, opportunities and challenges of biodiesel in Malaysia: An overview (2010) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 938-954; Lam, M., Lee, K., Lee, K., Mohamed, A.R., Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: A review (2010) Biotechnol Adv, , doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.03.002; Chung, K.-H., Kim, J., Lee, K.-Y., Biodiesel production by transesterification of duck tallow with methanol on alkali catalysts (2009) Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, pp. 155-158 Sponsors: Asia-Pac. Chem., Biol. Environ. Eng. Soc. (APCBEES)
H Veny, M K Aroua, N M N Sulaiman (2010)  Solvent free enzymatic transesterification of crude jatropha oil in packed bed reactor   In: 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, ICBEE 2010 251-253  
Abstract: In this study, we produce biodiesel from jatropha oil through enzymatic synthesis in a re circulated packed bed reactor (PBR). A solvent free system by three stepwise addition of one equivalent molar methanol in each step was chosen for this study. The enzyme was Lipozyme IM, a 1,3 regiospecific immobilized lipase from Mucor miehei. Initially, we scrutinized the appropriate amount of lipase by varied the lipase dosage from 5% to 20% based on Jatropha oil weight. Constant operating condition for all experiment was set to temperature of 45o C, PBR flow rate of 5 ml/min and 3 molar equivalent of methanol. The highest biodiesel yield of 54% was obtained at 10% of lipase dosage. We have also examined the effect of methanol addition time by conduct an experiment with one equivalent molar of methanol. The maximum conversion was found at 24 hours. However, a subsequent experiment carried out based on profile from those experiment, could only gave a biodiesel yield of 51%. Afterwards, we observe the lipase stability in PBR solvent free system.
Notes: Conference code: 83351 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5653540 :doi 10.1109/ICBEE.2010.5653540 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Veny, H.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: my_harumi@yahoo.com References: Chen, J.W., Wu, W.T., Regeneration of immobilized candida antarctica lipase for transesterification (2003) Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 9 (5), pp. 466-469; Selmi, B., Thomas, D., Immobilized lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil in a solvent-free medium (1998) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 75, pp. 691-695; Hansen, T.T., Eigtved, P., A new immobilized lipase for interesterification and ester synthesis (1985) Proc.- World Conf. Emerging Technol. Fats Oils Ind., pp. 365-369. , Ed. B.A. Richard; Shah, S., Gupta, M.N., Lipase catalyzed preparation of biodiesel from Jatropha oil in a solvent free system (2007) Process BiochemiStry, 42, pp. 409-414; Hajar, M., Shokrollahzadeh, S., Vahabzadeh, F., Monazzami, A., Solvent free methanolysis of camola oil in a packed bed reactor with use of Novozyme 435 plus loofa (2009) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 45, pp. 188-194; Laudani, C.G., Habulin, M., Knez, Z., Knez, G.D., Reverchon, E., Immobilized lipase mediated long chain fatty acid esterification in dense carbon dioxide: Bench scale packed bed reactor study (2007) Journal of Super Critical Fluids, 42, pp. 74-81; Fjerbaek, L., Christensen, K.V., Norddahl, B., A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification (2009) Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 102 (5), pp. 1298-1315 Sponsors: Asia-Pac. Chem., Biol. Environ. Eng. Soc. (APCBEES)
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