KHM Nazmul Hussain Nazir, male, microbiologist, graduated from Bangladesh Agricultural University, in 2001. He worked as lecturer of microbiology, assistant professor of microbiology and associate professor in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene of the same university. As a special achievement, he got gold medal for deserving outstanding results in Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree. After getting MS in Microbiology degree from Bangladesh Agricultural University, he got higher training on molecular microbiology and biotechnology from International Center for Biotechnology (ICBiotech), Osaka University, Japan as a UNESCO fellow student. He has completed his PhD from Kyushu University, Japan in the field of cytochrome P450 systems of Aspergillus oryzae, an industrial fungus. Right how, Dr. Nazir is doing advanced research at the Yeungnam University, South Korea.
Abstract: An attempt was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of bovine and avian tuberculosis in sheep and goat population in Bangladesh. A total of 273 sheep and 155 goats were screened for bovine and avian tuberculosis by caudal fold tuberculin (CFT) and comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) tests. The percentage of responders to CFT test in sheep and goat were 9.15% and 1.29% respectively. The overall percentage of reactors to CCT test in sheep and goats were 1.46% and 1.29% respectively. In CCT test the reactors were 0.36%, 1.29% for bovine tuberculosis, 1.09%, 1.29% for avian tuberculosis and 0.00%, 1.29% for mixed type for the sheep and goats respectively. In sheep of 3-4 years of age the reactors were 2.39 times higher than sheep below 3 years of age. In goats of 4.1-6 years of age the reactors were 2.40 times higher than goats below 3 years of age. The present prevalent study showed significant (P<0.05) association for sexual variation with tuberculosis in goats and insignificant (P>0.05) association in sheep. In sheep the percentages of reactors were 1.24 times higher in male (1.72%) than female (1.39%). Jamunapari (2.85%) breed of goat had 3.5 times higher percentage of reactors as compared to Black Bengal breed (0.83%). The study indicates that bovine and avian tuberculosis may cause dangerous effects on human health as well as livestock of Bangladesh so its prevention and eradication steps must be taken without any delay.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize Escherichia coli from apparently healthy and diarrheic calves in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. A total of 140 fecal samples were collected from calves of different dairy farms located around Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) campus, Dinajpur during January 2011 to June 2011. Among these samples, 84 were collected from diarrheic calves of which 30 (35.71%) were found positive for E. coli. A total of 56 samples were also collected from the apparently healthy calves of which 13 (23.21%) were found to be positive for E. coli. The results indicated a higher prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves compared to that of the apparently healthy calves. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that the E. coli isolated from diarrheic calves were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenical, gentamicin and cephalexin, and resistant to amoxicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid.
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in buffalo population in Bangladesh by Caudal Fold Tuberculin (CFT) test using bPPD and also by Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (CCT) test using both bPPD and aPPD. The percentage of reactors was 6.12% in CFT, whereas the percentage of positive buffaloes was 4.08% by CCT method. The percentage of suspicious buffaloes was 10.20% by CFT. On the other hand, all the suspicious cases were proved as misleading-false-reactions in CCT. By CCT method, the male buffaloes (6.25%) showed more positivity to tuberculosis than the female buffaloes (3.03%) of the same area. In contrast, the result found by CFT method was more or less similar (20%) for both male and female buffaloes. Young buffaloes (6-30 months) were more susceptible to tuber-culosis than older buffaloes. It might be suggested that a well coordination in activities should be taken among the public health and Veterinary public health organelles for complete eradication of the disease from the country.
Abstract: Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important respiratory disease primarily of chicken caused by Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) belonging to the family Herpesviridae. After infecting its host, the virus induces immune response; antibodies are produced, which can be easily detected by several immunological or serological methods like Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In the present study, the research work was conducted to reveal the prevalence of antibodies (IgG) against ILTV in layer birds in Bangladesh during the period of July 2010 to April 2011. A total of 324 blood samples were collected randomly from 30 layer farms located in 15 different districts in the country, and subsequently sera were prepared. Aiming to detect the antibody against ILTV, the sera samples were subjected to indirect ELISA using a commercial ILTV Antibody Test kit. Out of 324 sera samples examined, a total of 299 (92.28%) were positive. The results indicate that layers in the selected poultry farms were exposed to ILTV in Bangladesh and confirms the prevalence of this virus in a wider scale since the first report of its existence in 2010.
Abstract: The present research work was carried out for the isolation and identification of bacterial flora from internal organs of broiler during the
period from January 2012 to June 2012. Ten Hubbard classic broiler bird were purchased from retail market in Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
The birds were sacrificed and their liver, lung, esophagus, duodenum and tracheal swab samples were collected (n=50). Using standard
bacteriological techniques, Escherichia coli was isolated from 26 (52%) samples. Similarly, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus
spp., and Pasteurella spp. were isolated from 15 (30%), 10 (20%), 9 (18%) and 4 (8%) samples, respectively. On the basis of individual
sample type, E. coli could be isolated from 8 (80%) duodenum samples being the most prevalent organism. On the other hand, Salmonella
spp., Staphylococci spp., Bacillus spp. and Pasteurella spp. were identified in 5 (50%) lungs, 5 (50%) liver, 4 (40%) duodenum and 2 (20%)
lungs samples, respectively. Among these isolated bacteria, E. coli was found to be pathogenic for mice. Antibiogram studies revealed that
Ciprofloxacin was highly sensitive against all the isolated bacteria. Diversified bacterial species are prevalent in broiler. However, E. coli
and Salmonella spp. infection might make the bird vulnerable for easy access of infection. Proper vaccination and use of selective antibiotics
are crucial in protecting broilers from these pathogens.
Abstract: A functional library of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from Aspergillus oryzae (AoCYPs) was constructed in which 121 isoforms were coexpressed with yeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this functional library, novel catalytic functions of AoCYPs, such as catalytic potentials of CYP57B3 against genistein, were elucidated for the first time. Comprehensive functional screening promises rapid characterization of catalytic potentials and utility of AoCYPs.
Abstract: A microbial consortium that reductively dechlorinates trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) to ethene with methanogenesis was enriched from chloroethene-contaminated soil from Japan. Dechlorination activity was maintained for over 4 years. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis targeting the "Dehalococcoides" 16S rRNA gene, four strains were detected. Their growth and dechlorination activities were classified into two types: one that grows by converting cis-DCE to ethene and the other that grows by converting cis-DCE to VC. Then, the vcrA and bvcA genes encoding cis-DCE/VC reductive dehalogenases were detected. Inhibitors of methanogenesis (2-bromoethanesulfonate) and sulfidogenesis (molybdate) led to accumulation of cis-DCE and of VC respectively. These results suggest that methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria can play a significant role in dechlorination by "Dehalococcoides."
Abstract: We explored the molecular diversity of cytochrome P450 genes in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae using bioinformatic and experimental approaches. Based on bioinformatic annotation, we found 155 putative genes of cytochromes P450 in the whole genome sequence; however, 13 of 155 appeared to be pseudogenes due to sequence deletions and/or inframe stop codon(s). There are 87 families of A. oryzae cytochromes P450 (AoCYPs), indicating considerable phylogenetic diversity. To characterize A. oryzae AoCYPs, we attempted to isolate cDNAs using RT-PCR and determined their transcriptional capabilities. To date, we have confirmed gene expression of 133 AoCYPs and cloned 121 AoCYPs as full-length cDNAs encoding a mature open reading frame. Using experimentally deduced sequences and intron-exon organization, we analyzed AoCYPs phylogenetically. We also identified intronic consensus sequences in AoCYPs genes. The experimentally validated exonic and intronic sequences will be a powerful advantage in identification and characterization of novel P450s from various ascomycetous fungi.
