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{userid:"ktohyama", "articletype":"article","pages":"873-885","author":"Kaylene M Young, Konstantina Psachoulia, Richa B Tripathi, Sara-Jane Dunn, Lee Cossell, David Attwell, Koujiro Tohyama, William D Richardson","year":"2013","title":"Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling.","month":"Mar","journal":"Neuron","publisher":"","volume":"77","number":"5","note":"","tags":"","booktitle":"","editor":"","abstract":"Oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) continue to proliferate and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) well into adulthood. It is not known whether adult-born OLs ensheath previously unmyelinated axons or remodel existing myelin. We quantified OP division and OL production in different regions of the adult mouse CNS including the 4-month-old optic nerve, in which practically all axons are already myelinated. Even there, all OPs were dividing and generating new OLs and myelin at a rate higher than can be explained by first-time myelination of naked axons. We conclude that adult-born OLs in the optic nerve are engaged in myelin remodeling, either replacing OLs that die in service or intercalating among existing myelin sheaths. The latter would predict that average internode length should decrease with age. Consistent with that, we found that adult-born OLs elaborated much shorter but many more internodes than OLs generated during early postnatal life.","address":"","school":"","issn":"1097-4199","doi":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.006","isi":"","pubmed":"23473318","key":"Young2013","howpublished":"","urllink":"","refid":72}
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{userid:"ktohyama", "refid":"84","repocollections":"","attachment":"","_thumb":"","articletype":"article","sectionheading":"","title":"Signalling through AMPA receptors on oligodendrocyte precursors promotes myelination by enhancing oligodendrocyte survival.","year":"2017","author":"Eleni Kougioumtzidou, Takahiro Shimizu, Nicola B Hamilton, Koujiro Tohyama, Rolf Sprengel, Hannah Monyer, David Attwell, William D Richardson","journal":"eLife","volume":"6","number":"","pages":"e28080","month":"Jun","doi":"10.7554\/eLife.28080","pubmed":"28608780","pdflink":"","urllink":"","abstract":"Myelin, made by oligodendrocytes, is essential for rapid information transfer in the central nervous system. Oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) receive glutamatergic synaptic input from axons but how this affects their development is unclear. Murine OPs in white matter express AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits GluA2, GluA3 and GluA4. We generated mice in which OPs lack both GluA2 and GluA3, or all three subunits GluA2\/3\/4, which respectively reduced or abolished AMPAR-mediated input to OPs. In both double- and triple-knockouts OP proliferation and number were unchanged but ~25% fewer oligodendrocytes survived in the subcortical white matter during development. In triple knockouts, this shortfall persisted into adulthood. The oligodendrocyte deficit resulted in ~20% fewer myelin sheaths but the average length, number and thickness of myelin internodes made by individual oligodendrocytes appeared normal. Thus, AMPAR-mediated signalling from active axons stimulates myelin production in developing white matter by enhancing oligodendrocyte survival, without influencing myelin synthesis per se.","note":"","tags":"","weight":84,"publisher":"","booktitle":"","editor":"","address":"","school":"","issn":"2050-084X","isi":"","key":"Kougioumtzidou2017","howpublished":""}
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