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Saad Mekhilef


saad@um.edu.my

Journal articles

2013
Z Salam, M Amjad, M Facta, S Mekhilef (2013)  Analysis and implementation of transformerless LCL resonant power supply for ozone generation   IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 28: 2. 650-660  
Abstract: This paper describes the analysis and design of an LCL resonant power supply for ozone generation. The main advantage of the proposed topology is the absence of high-voltage transformer; the high voltage gain is achievable by means of double-resonance phenomena. Furthermore, the bandwidth is wider than the ordinary LC and its phase difference is constant over specific frequency range; as a result, an open-loop operation can be implemented. The complete analysis and design procedure of the power supply is presented. The design procedure is verified by implementing the power supply to drive a dielectric barrier discharge prototype ozone chamber. The hardware results are found to be in close agreement with simulation and thus justify the validity of the design procedures. The proposed circuit is suitable for portable ozone power supply fed by low-voltage source such as battery or photovoltaic module.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6212366 CODEN: ITPEE Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Salam, Z.; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia References: Lei, X., Rui, Z., Peng, L., Li-Li, D., Ru-Juan, Z., Sterilization of E. coli bacterium with an atmospheric pressure surface barrier discharge (2004) Chin. Phys., 13 (1), pp. 913-917. , Jun; Selma, M.V., Allende, A., Lopez-Galvez, F., Conesa, M.A., Gil, M.I.G., Disinfection potential of ozone, ultraviolet-C and their combination in wash water for the fresh-cut vegetable industry (2008) Food Microbiol., 25 (6), pp. 809-814. , Sep; Kowalski, W.J., Bahnfleth, W.P., Striebig, B.A., Whittam, T.S., Demonstration of a hermetic airborne ozone disinfection system: Studies on E. coli (2003) AIHA J. Taylor Francis, 64 (2), pp. 222-227. , Mar; Kogelschatz, U., Dielectric-barrier discharges: Their history, discharge physics, and industrial applications (2003) Plasma Chem. Plasma Process., 23 (1), pp. 1-46. , Mar; Smilanick, J.L., Use of ozone in storage and packing facilities (2003) Proc. Washington Tree Fruit Postharvest Conf., pp. 1-10. , Wenatchee, WA; Buntat, Z., Smith, I.R., Razali, N.A.M., Ozone generation using atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air (2009) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42 (23), pp. 3722-3727. , Dec; Garamoon, A., Elakshar, F., Nossair, A., Kotp, E., Experimental study of ozone synthesis (2002) Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 11 (3), pp. 254-259. , May; Dimitriou, M.A., (1990) Design Guidance Manual for Ozone Systems, , Norwalk, CT: Pan American Committee of the International Ozone Association; Alonso, J.M., Garcia, J., Calleja, A.J., Ribas, J., Cardesin, J., Analysis, design, and experimentation of a high-voltage power supply for ozone generation based on current-fed parallel-resonant push-pull inverter (2005) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 41 (5), pp. 1364-1372. , Sep; Hothongkham, P., Kinnares, V., Measurement of an ozone generator using a phase-shifted PWM full bridge inverter (2010) Proc. Int. Power Electron. Conf., pp. 1552-1559; Kinnares, V., Hothongkham, P., Circuit analysis and modeling of a phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation full-bridge-inverter-fed ozone generator with constant applied electrode voltage (2010) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 25 (7), pp. 1739-1752. , Jul; Nisoa, M., Srinoum, D., Kerdthongmee, P., Development of high voltage high frequency resonant inverter power supply for atmospheric surface glow barrier discharges (2005) Solid State Phenom., 107, pp. 81-86. , Oct; Shengpei, W., Ishibashi, M., Yuelu, F., Nakaoka, M., Konishi, Y., Series-compensated inductor type resonant inverter using pulse density modulation scheme for efficient ozonizer (1997) Proc Int. Conf. Power Electron. 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Conf., Oct., pp. 2687-2693; Alonso, J.M., Ordiz, C., Gacio, D., Ribas, J., Calleja, A.J., Closed-loop regulated power supply for ozone generation based on buck converter and current-fed push-pull resonant inverter (2009) Proc. 13th Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl., pp. 1-10; Ordiz, C., Alonso, J.M., Costa, M.A.D., Ribas, J., Calleja, A.J., Development of a high-voltage closed-loop power supply for ozone generation (2008) Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., pp. 1861-1867. , Feb; Alonso, J.M., Cardesin, J., Corominas, E.L., Rico-Secades, M., Garcia, J., Low-power high-voltage high-frequency power supply for ozone generation (2004) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 40 (2), pp. 414-421. , Mar; Facta, M., Bin Salam, Z., Bin Buntat, Z., The development of ozone generation with low power consumption (2009) Proc. Innovative Technol. Intell. Syst. Ind. Appl., pp. 440-445; Ponce-Silva, M., Aguilar-Ramirez, J., Beutelspacher, E., Calderon, J., Cortes, C., Single-switch power supply based on the class e shunt amplifier for ozone generators (2007) Proc. Power Electron. Spec. Conf., pp. 1380-1385; Alonso, J.M., Ordiz, C., Dalla Costa, M.A., Ribas, J., Cardesin, J., High voltage power supply for ozone generation based on piezoelectric transformer (2007) Proc. IEEE Int. Ind. Appl. Conf., Sep., 45, pp. 1901-1908; Alonso, J.M., Ordiz, C., Costa, M.A.D., Ribas, J., Cardesín, J., Highvoltage power supply for ozone generation based on piezoelectric transformer (2009) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 45 (4), pp. 1513-1523. , Jul; Shao, T., Long, K., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Zhang, D., Yan, P., Zhang, S., Electrical characterization of dielectric barrier discharge driven by repetitive nanosecond pulses in atmospheric air (2009) J. Electrostat., 67 (23), pp. 215-221. , May; Shao, T., Zhang, D., Yu, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Yan, P., Zhou, Y., A compact repetitive unipolar nanosecond-pulse generator for dielectric barrier discharge application (2010) IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 38 (7), pp. 1651-1655. , Jul; Kogelschatz, U., Filamentary, patterned, and diffuse barrier discharge (2002) IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 30 (4), pp. 1400-1408. , Aug; Facta, M., Salam, Z., Buntat, Z., Yuniarto, A., Silent discharge ozonizer for colour removal of treated palm oil mill effluent using a simple high frequency resonant power converter (2010) Proc. IEEE Int. Power Energy, pp. 39-44. , Nov./Dec; Mochammad, F., Salam, Z., Jusoh, A., Buntat, Z., Improvement in ozone generation with low voltage high frequency power converters (2008) Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Power Energy, Dec., pp. 1446-1450; Teschke, M., Korzec, D., Finantu-Dinu, E.G., Engemann, J., Kennel, R., Resonant, high voltage, high power supply for atmospheric pressure plasma sources (2004) Proc. IEEE Int. Power Electron. Spec. Conf., Jun., pp. 835-839; Amjad, M., Salam, Z., Facta, M., Ishaque, K., Design and development of a high-voltage transformer-less power supply for ozone generators based on a voltage-fed full bridge resonant inverter (2012) J. Power Electron., 12 (3), pp. 387-398. , May; Burany, N., Huber, L., Pejovic, P., Corona discharge surface treater without high voltage transformer (2008) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 23 (2), pp. 993-1002. , Mar; Ness, R.M., Pronko, S.G.E., Cooper, J.R., Chu, E.Y., Resonance transformer power conditioners (1991) IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 38 (4), pp. 796-802. , Apr; Schönknecht, A., De Doncker, R.W.A.A., Novel topology for parallel connection of soft-switching high-power high-frequency inverters (2003) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 39 (2), pp. 550-555. , Mar/Ar; Wang, C.-S., Covic, G.A., Stielau, O.H., Investigating an LCL load resonant inverter for inductive power transfer applications (2004) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 19 (4), pp. 995-1002. , Jul; Dieckerhoff, S., Ryan, M.J., De Doncker, R.W., Design of an IGBT-based LCL-resonant inverter for high-frequency induction heating (1999) Proc. IEEE Int. Ind. Appl. Conf., pp. 2039-2245; Pham, H.P., Fujita, H., Ozaki, K., Uchida, N., Phase angle control of high-frequency resonant currents in a multiple inverter system for zone-control induction heating (2011) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 26 (11), pp. 3357-3366. , Nov; Kissin, M.L.G., Huang, C.-Y., Covic, G.A., Boys, J.T., Detection of the tuned point of a fixed-frequency LCL resonant power supply (2009) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 24 (4), pp. 1140-1143. , Apr; Yoo, H., Shim, E., Kang, J., Choi, G., Lee, C., Bang, B., 100 kHz IGBT inverter use of LCL topology for high power induction heating (2011) Proc. IEEE Int. Power Electron., pp. 1572-1575. , May/Jun; Amjad, M., Salam, Z., Facta, M., Ishaque, K., A simple and effective method to estimate the model parameters of dielectric barrier discharge ozone chamber (2012) IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 61 (6), pp. 1676-1683. , Jun; Alonso, J.M., Valdés, M., Calleja, A.J., Ribas, J., Losada, J., High frequency testing and modeling of silent discharge ozone generators (2003) Ozone: Sci. Eng.: J. Int. Ozone Assoc., 25 (5), pp. 363-376; Ponce, M., Aguilar, J., Fernandez, J., Beutelspacher, E., Calderon, J.M., Cortes, C., Linear and non linear models for ozone generators (2004) Proc. IEEE Int. Power Electron. Congr., Oct., pp. 251-256; Sekiya, H., Sagawa, N., Kazimierczuk, M.K., Analysis of class de amplifier with nonlinear shunt capacitances at any grading coefficient for high Q and 25% duty ratio (2010) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 25 (4), pp. 924-932. , Ar; Chalmers, I.D., Zanella, L., MacGregor, S.J., Ozone synthesis in oxygen in a dielectric barrier free configuration (1995) Proc. IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf., Jul., pp. 1249-1254; Alonso, J.M., Calleja, A.J., Ribas, J., Rico-Secades, M., Corominas, E., Cardesin, J., Garcia, J., Low-power high-voltage universal-input inverter for ozone generation (2002) Proc. IEEE Int. Power Electron. Congr., Oct., pp. 153-159; Potivejkul, S., Kinnares, V., Rattanavichien, P., Design of ozone generator using solar energy (1998) Proc. IEEE Asia-Pacific Conf. Circuits Syst., Nov., pp. 217-220; Yang, B., Wuhua, L., Yunjie, G., Wenfeng, C., Xiangning, H., Improved transformerless inverter with common-mode leakage current elimination for a photovoltaic grid-connected power systems (2012) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 27 (2), pp. 752-762. , Feb; Gonzalez, R., Gubia, E., Marroyo, L., Transformerless singlephase multilevel-based photovoltaic inverter (2008) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 55 (7), pp. 2694-2702. , Jul
2012
R A Ahmed, S Mekhilef, H W Ping (2012)  Asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of switches   International Review of Electrical Engineering 7: 4. 4761-4767  
Abstract: A new asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of power switches is introduced in this paper. The installation area, voltage standing on each switch, converter cost and losses are also taken into consideration in this design. Further, operating principles and switching functions are analyzed. A comparative study between the new design and conventional inverters is also conducted to highlight the advantages of the proposed topology. Simulation results are provided for seven level of the asymmetrical multilevel inverter. A prototype of the designed inverter is manufactured and experimental results are realized.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmed, R. A.; University of Malaya, Electrical Engineering department, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: Rokan_L4@yahoo.com References: Babaei, E., Hosseini, S.H., New cascaded multilevel inverter topology with minimum number of switches (2009) Elsevier J. Energy Conversion and Management, 50 (11), pp. 2761-2767. , Nov; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation (2010) IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 25 (10), pp. 2599-2606. , Oct; Saeed, F.S., Practical Medium Voltage Multi-Level Converter Topologies (2011) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (5), pp. 2102-2110. , October; Daher, S., Schmid, J., Antunes, F.L.M., Multilevel inverter topologies for stand-alone PV systems (2008) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 55 (7), pp. 2703-2712. , Aug; Colak, I., Kabalci, E., Bayindir, R., Review of multilevel voltage source inverter topologies and control schemes (2011) Elsevier J. Energy Conversion and Management, 52 (2), pp. 1114-1128. , Feb; Rao, G.S., Sekhar, K.C., A Ten-Level Inverter System for Dual-Fed Induction Motor Drive (2011) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (4), pp. 1417-1425. , August; Ahmed, R.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., New multilevel inverter topology with minimum number of switches (2010) Proc. IEEE TENCO’10, pp. 1862-1867. , in, 21-24 Nov, Fukuoka, Japan; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of a Multi Level Three-Phase Inverter with Less Switches and Low Output Voltage Distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9 (4), pp. 594-604; Babaei, E., Hosseini, S.H., Gharehpetian, G.B., Haque, M.T., Sabahi, M., Reduction of dc voltage sources and switches in asymmetrical multilevel converters using a novel topology (2007) Elsevier J. Electr. Power Syst. Res, 77 (8), pp. 1073-1085. , June; Musikka, T., NiemelÀ, M., Pyrhönen, J., Thermal Modeling of Semiconductors in a Three-Level NPC DTC Inverter (2011) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (1), pp. 23-34. , February; Reddy, G.P., Reddy, K.R., Modelling and Simulation of a Hybrid Cascaded Seven Level Inverter Control for Enhancement of Power Quality in High Voltage DSTATCOM Applications (2011) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (4), pp. 1404-1416. , August; Zambra, D.A.B., Rech, C., Member, Pinheiro, J.R., Comparison of Neutral-Point-Clamped, Symmetrical, and Hybrid Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverters (2010) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 57 (7), pp. 2297-2306. , Jul; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Novel vector control method for three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2011) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 58 (4), pp. 1339-1349. , Apr; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage Vector Control of a Hybrid Three-Stage Eighteen-Level Inverter by Vector Decomposition (2010) IET Transaction on Power Electronics, 3 (4), pp. 601-611; Ajami, A., Armaghan, M., New Hybrid Multicell Inverter Topology with Minimum Number of Switches for a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (2011) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (1), pp. 55-62. , February; Ogasawara, S., Takagali, J., Akagi, H., Nabae, A., A novel control scheme of a parallel current-controlled PWM inverter (1992) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, 28 (5), pp. 1023-1030. , Sep./Oct; Song, B.M., Kim, J., Lai, J.S., Seong, K.C., Kim, H.J., Park, S.S., A multilevel soft-switching inverter with inductor coupling (2001) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, 37 (2), pp. 628-636. , Mar./Apr; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with a soft-switching H-bridge Inverter with DSP-Based Synchronization Control (2010) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 5 (4), pp. 1347-1353. , July-Augast; Younis, M.A.A., Rahim, N.A., Mekhilef, S., DSP Controlled Isolated DC-DC Converter for Distributed Generation System (2011) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 6 (4), pp. 1570-1580. , July-Augast; Meo, S., Perfetto, A., A Comparison among different voltage feeding algorithms for Quasi-Resonant Dc link inverter-fed I.M. drives (2000) Proc. IEEE ISIE’2000, pp. 324-329. , in, 4-8 Dec, Mexico city, Mexico; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effects of a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Based on Soft Switching 48-Pulse PWM Inverter on the Power Demand from the Grid (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (1), pp. 85-90. , January; Geethalakshmi, B., DelhiBabu, K., An advanced modulation technique for the cascaded multilevel inverter used as a shunt active power filter (2011) Proc. IEEE IICPE, pp. 1-6. , 28-30 Jan, in; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Abd Rahim, N., Modeling of threephase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 54 (1), pp. 427-432. , Feb; Satish Kumar, P., Amarnath, J., Narasimham, S.V.L., An Analytical Space-Vector PWM Method for Multi-Level Inverter Based on Two-Level Inverter (2010) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 3 (1), pp. 1-9. , February; Hashem, G.M., Darwish, M., Janbey, A., Initial Guessing Generalized Formula for Selected Harmonic Elimination PWM technique for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2011) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (4), pp. 1458-1463. , August; Ajami, A., Armaghan, M., Vector Control of Induction Motor Drive Based on Mixed Multi-cell Cascaded Inverter (2010) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (4), pp. 767-774. , October; Du, Z., Tolbert, L.M., Chiasson, J.N., Ozpineci, B., A cascade multilevel inverter using a single DC source (2006) Proc. IEEE APEC’06, pp. 426-430. , in, 19-23 March; Manjrekar, M.D., Lipo, T.A., A hybrid multilevel inverter topology for drive application (1998) Proc. IEEE APEC, pp. 523-529. , in, 15-19 Feb, Anaheim, CA, USA; Agelidis, V.G., Calais, M., Application specific harmonic performance evaluation of multicarrier PWM techniques (1998) Proc. IEEE PESC, pp. 172-178. , 17-22 May, in, Fukuoka, Japan; Kang, D.W., Hyun, D.S., Simple harmonic analysis method for multi-carrier PWM techniques using output phase voltage in multi-level inverter (2005) IEE Proc., Electr. Power Appl, 152 (2), pp. 157-165. , Mar; Faiz, J., Siahkolah, B., New solid-state onload tap-changers topology for distribution transformers (2003) IEEE Trans. Power Del, 18 (1), pp. 136-141. , Jan; Gatto, G., Marongiu, I., Meo, S., Perfetto, A., Comparison Among Different Voltage Feeding Algorithms for Quasi-Resonant Dc Link Inverter-Fed I. M. Drives Based on State Feedback Approach (2011) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 4 (4), pp. 1506-1512
M G M Abdolrasol, S Mekhilef (2012)  Development of hybrid anti-islanding based on distributed generation interconnection   International Review on Modelling and Simulations 5: 1. 60-68  
Abstract: The proposed method is a combination of two detection methods, namely, the active and passive islanding detection methods. The former generates disturbances at the output of the distributed generation by the use of both positive and continuous feedback signal injection which is based on DQ implementation, while the latter is based on measuring the system parameters such as voltage, frequency, active and reactive power and total harmonic distortion (THD). The grid and the distributed generation (DG) connected in parallel by three-phase RLC load. Test the performance of the technique with and without the anti-islanding controller. This method could detect the islanding situations in a very short time reach to 0.8sec. Possible islanding conditions are simulated and verified with full simulation analysis and excremental results.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdolrasol, M. G. M.; University of MalayaMalaysia References: Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT with Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58 (4), pp. 1154-1161; Girgis, A., Brahma, S., Effect of Distributed Generation on Protective Device Coordination in Distribution System (2000) IEEE, PES Summer meeting, pp. 115-1119; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effect of a static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Based on soft switching 48-Pulse PWM inverter on the power Demand from the grid (2009) Jornal of Power Electronic (JPE), 10, pp. 85-90. , 2010-05-17; Kuo, J.-L., Chao, K.-L., Grid-Connected Multilevel Inverter with Intelligent Petri Nets Controller for Ocean Current Power Generation System (2010) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 5 (3), pp. 858-869. , MAY-JUN; Laaksonen, H., Kauhaniemi, K., Voima, S., DG Unit Fault Behavior and Protection of LV Microgrid (2010) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 3 (3), pp. 353-367. , June; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with a soft-switching H-bridge Inverter with DSP-Based Synchronization Control (2010) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 5 (4), pp. 1347-1353. , July-August; Summary of Static Power Converters of 500 kW or Less Serving as the Relay Interface Package for Non-Conventional Generators (1994) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 9, pp. 1325-1331. , IEEE Power System Relaying Committee, July; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage Control of Three-Stage Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Using Vector Transformation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25 (10), p. 25992606; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Novel Vector Control Method for Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58 (4), pp. 1339-1349; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Dual Vector Control Strategy for a Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2010) Journal of Power Electronics(JPE), 10 (2010), pp. 155-164; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of a Multi Level Three-Phase Inverter with Less Switches and Low Output Voltage Distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9 (2009), pp. 594-604; (2003) 4IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources into Electric Power Systems, , IEEE Standard 1547TM, June; (2000) Recommended Practice for Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, , IEEE Standard 929-2000; Ropp, M.E., (1998) Design Issues for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems, , Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Kern, G.A., SunSine300: Utility interactive AC module antiislanding test results, 26h (1997) IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf, pp. 1265-1268; Ropp, M.E., Begovic, M., Rohatgi, A., Analysis and performance assessment of the active frequency drift method of islanding prevention (1999) IEEE Trans. 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K Ishaque, Z Salam, M Amjad, S Mekhilef (2012)  An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)Ҁ“Based MPPT for PV With Reduced Steady-State Oscillation   Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 27: 8. 3627-3638  
Abstract: This paper proposes an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the photovoltaic (PV) system using a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The main advantage of the method is the reduction of the steadystate oscillation (to practically zero) once the maximum power point (MPP) is located. Furthermore, the proposedmethod has the ability to track the MPP for the extreme environmental condition, e.g., large fluctuations of insolation and partial shading condition. The algorithm is simple and can be computed very rapidly; thus, its implementation using a low-cost microcontroller is possible. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are carried out under very challenging conditions, namely step changes in irradiance, step changes in load, and partial shading of the PV array. Its performance is compared with the conventional Hill Climbing (HC) method. Finally, an experimental rig that comprises of a buck–boost converter fed by a custom-designed solar array simulator is set up to emulate the simulation. The software development is carried out in the Dspace 1104 environment using a TMS320F240 digital signal processor. The superiority of the proposed method over the HC in terms of tracking speed and steady-state oscillations is highlighted by simulation and experimental results.
Notes:
A A A Gamil, S Mekhilef, S M Said (2012)  Techno economic analysis of using solar water heaters with evacuated tubes in Khartoum, Sudan   Energy Education Science and Technology Part A : Energy Science and Research 28: 2. 611-622  
Abstract: This paper presents the techno-economic study of using solar water heaters employing evacuated tubes in Khartoum, Sudan. Sudan experiences high solar irradiation and is thus a good candidate for harnessing solar energy. One direct application of solar energy is for domestic water heating applications, which has the potential of significant savings on the national energy consumption if used extensively. This study will first introduce the technological and economic benefits of using solar water heated containing evacuated tubes, which have shown better efficiency compared to flat plate solar water heaters. The operational requirements and efficiency of this system will then be compared against the output and efficiency of an electric water heater. The relative costs of each system will also be analyzed and discussed. Also it found that the heat gained from the solar collector was enough for producing hot water and the amount of mass flow rate that was suitable for natural circulation, thus eliminating the need for a driving pump, and reducing the overall cost for the solar water heater system. The techno-economic analysis is then carried out in order to analyze the payback period for a range of number of households required to employ this system. This analysis indicates that a saving was 415.2 USD per year for 8 households and the payback period ranged between 0.98 and 1.43 year, thus rendering this technology as an attractive option for energy and cost savings for domestic applications.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; University of Malaya, Department of Electrical Engineering, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: www.retscreen.com, Available online as of October 2009 atZhiqiang, Y., Development of solar thermal systems in China (2005) Solar Energy Mat Solar Cells, 86, pp. 427-442; Omer, A.M., Overview of renewable energy sources in the Republic of the Sudan (2002) Energy Convers Manage, 27, pp. 523-547; Norton, B., Anatomy of a solar collector: Development in materials, components and efficiency improvement (2006) Refocus, 7, pp. 32-35; Budihardjo, I., Morrison, G.L., Performance of water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters (2009) Solar Energy, 83, pp. 49-56; Morrison, G.L., Budihardjo, I., Behnia, M., Measurement and simulation of flow rate in a water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater (2005) Solar Energy, 78, pp. 257-267; Redpath, D.A.G., Eames, P.C., Lo, S.N.G., Griffiths, P.W., Experimental investigation of natural convection heat exchange within a physical model of the manifold chamber of a thermosyphon heat-pipe evacuated tube solar water heater (2009) Solar Energy, 83, pp. 988-997; Shah, L.J., Furbo, S., Theoretical flow investigations of an all glass evacuated tubular collector (2007) Solar Energy, 81, pp. 822-828; Kim, Y., Seo, T., Thermal performances comparisons of the glass evacuated tube solar collectors with shapes of absorber tube (2007) Renew Energy, 32, pp. 772-795; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using cuk converter (2011) IEEE Transact Ind Elect, 58, pp. 154-1161; Pillai, I.R., Baneijee, R., Methodology for estimation of potential for solar water heating in a target area (2007) Solar Energy, 81, pp. 162-172; Yohanis, Y.G., Popel, O., Frid, S.E., Norton, B., The annual number of days that solar heated water satisfies a specified demand temperature (2006) Solar Energy, 80, pp. 1021-1030; Ucar, A., Inalli, M., Thermal and economic comparisons of solar heating systems with seasonal storage used in building heating (2008) Renew Energy, 33, pp. 2532-2539; Omer, A.M., Solar water pumping clean water for Sudan rural areas (2001) Renew Energy, 24, pp. 245-258; Omer, A.M., Renewable energy resources for electricity generation in Sudan (2007) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 11, pp. 1481-1497; (2010) Atmospheric science date center, , http://www.eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgibin/sse/retscreen.cgi?, Available online as of April, at; Li, M., Wang, L.L., Investigation of evacuated tube heated by solar trough concentrating system (2006) Energy Convers Manage, 47, pp. 3591-3601; Wang, C.H., Chen, Y., Huang, J., Thermal and electrical mechanism of thermoelectric generation chip and its performances in solar energy thermal power system (2011) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 28, pp. 331-338; Mahlia, T.M.I., Emissions from electricity generation in Malaysia (2002) Renew Energy, 2, pp. 293-300; Saidur, R., Atabani, A.E., Mekhilef, S., A review on electrical and thermal energy for industries (2011) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, pp. 2073-2086; Rajamohan, P., Rajasekhar, R.V.J., Shanmugan, S., Ramanathan, K., Energy and economic evaluation of fixed focus type solar parabolic concentrator for community cooking applications (2010) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 26, pp. 49-59; Ralegaonkar, R.V., Gupta, R., Application of passive solar architecture for intelligent building construction: A review (2010) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 26, pp. 75-85; Ozbalta, T.G., Ozbalta, N., Theoretical and experimental analysis of the solar energy gain of transparent insulated external wall in climatic conditions of Izmir (2010) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 25, pp. 69-86; Bugutekin, A., Effect of the collector diameter on solar chimney power plants (2011) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 27, pp. 155-168; Yelmen, B., Ustuner, T., Ustuner, M., Determining the potential of solar energy and benefiting from this potential using photovoltaic system in Turkey (2011) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 27, pp. 347-358; Saidur, R., Energy, economics and environmental analysis for chillers in office buildings (2010) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 25, pp. 1-16; Mahlia, T.M.I., Saidur, R., Husnawan, M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., An approach to estimate the life-cycle cost of energy efficiency improvement of room air conditioners (2010) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 26, pp. 1-11; Sevim, C., Rapid climate change problem and wind energy investments for Turkey (2010) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 25, pp. 59-67; Akpinar, E.K., Akpinar, S., Modelling of weather characteristics and wind power density in Elazig-Turkey (2010) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 25, pp. 45-57
M S Mahmodian, R Rahmani, E Taslimi, S Mekhilef (2012)  Step By Step Analyzing, Modeling and Simulation of Single and Double Array PV system in Different Environmental Variability   2012 International Conference on Future Environment and Energy IPCBEE 28:  
Abstract: This research analyses the mathematical model of the PV array with all the parameters involved, in the sequential steps. Then it is going to simulate the I-V and P-V characteristics of PV array in different climatology conditions, by using both MATLAB M-file and Simulink. Finally the capability of this method is demonstrated in simulated results, which are performed for both Single and Double Array PV system.
Notes:
Amirhossein Sajadi, Seyed Sina Sebtahmadi, Marcin Koniaka, Piotr Biczel, Saad Mekhilef (2012)  Distributed Control Scheme for Voltage Regulation in Smart Grids   International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy  
Abstract: The current uncertainty about oil and gas prices and their resources, and future energy concerns, smart grids lead to further development. In this paper, a two way communication-based distributed control for voltage regulation in smart grid is proposed. Moreover, 16-bus distribution feeders system is modeled by real time simulation in MATLAB/Simulink in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results are evidence for capability of proposed system to regulate the voltage in smart distribution feeders.
Notes:
S Mekhilef, A Safari, W E S Mustaffa, R Saidur, R Omar, M A A Younis (2012)  Solar energy in Malaysia : Current state and prospects   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16: 1. 386-396  
Abstract: Malaysia is situated at the equatorial region with an average solar radiation of 400-600 MJ/m 2 per month. It has a promising potential to establish large scale solar power installations; however, solar energy is still at the infancy stage due to the high cost of photovoltaic (PV) cells and solar electricity tariff rate. The Malaysian government is keen to develop solar energy as one of the significant sources of energy in the country. According to the 9th Malaysia Plan (9MP), a large allocation had been dedicated for implementation of solar PV systems. On 25th July 2005, a Malaysian Building Integrated Photovoltaic (MBIPV) project had been announced and it was planned to end by 2010. The project consists of three categories which include: BIPV demonstration, national "SURIA1000" and BIPV showcase. Greater emphasis will be placed on energy efficiency under the Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011-2015). This paper discusses present and future situation of solar power in Malaysia, utilization of solar energy and the strategies taken by the Malaysian government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) to promote solar energy thermal applications and electricity power generation in the future. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Notes: 871UZ Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:46
K Ishaque, Z Salam, S Mekhilef, A Shamsudin (2012)  Parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic modules using penalty-based differential evolution   Applied Energy 99: 297-308  
Abstract: This paper proposes a penalty based differential evolution (P-DE) for extracting the parameters of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules at different environmental conditions. The two diode model of a solar cell is used as the basis for the extraction problem. The analyses carried out using synthetic current-voltage (I-V) data set showed that the proposed P-DE outperforms other Evolutionary Algorithm methods, namely the simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). P-DE consistently converges to the global optimum values very rapidly. The performances are evaluated using the well known quality test and student T-tests. Furthermore, the P-DE extraction method is practically validated by six solar modules of different types (multi-crystalline, mono-crystalline, and thin-film). The results were found to be in close agreement with the experimental I-V data set, especially at very low irradiance values. The latter can be very useful in predicting the performance of the solar system under partial shading conditions. The main application of the proposed work is the possibility of developing a highly accurate simulator for solar PV system designer.
Notes: 995XU Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:49
R Saidur, S Mekhilef, M B Ali, A Safari, H A Mohammed (2012)  Applications of variable speed drive (VSD) in electrical motors energy savings   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16: 1. 543-550  
Abstract: Most motors are designed to operate at a constant speed and provide a constant output; however, modern technology requires different speeds in many applications where electric motors are used. A variable speed drive (VSD) is a device that regulates the speed and rotational force, or output torque of mechanical equipment. Effects of applying VSDs are in both productivity improvements and energy savings in pumps, fans, compressors and other equipment. Variable speed drive technology and the importance of controlling the speed of existing motors have fascinated many attentions in the last years with the advent of new power devices and magnetic materials. This paper is a comprehensive review on applications of VSD in electrical motors energy savings. The aim is to identify energy saving opportunities and incorporated costs of applying variable speed drives to the existing applications of electrical motors. Subsequently, economic analysis, payback period and the effect of current and voltage harmonics generated by VSDs are presented. Authors are hopeful to provide useful information for future variable speed drive applications like fans, pumps, chillers, ventilators and heaters.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: RSERF Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Saidur, R.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saidur@um.edu.my References: Schachter, N., Energy Efficient Speed Control Using Modern Variable Frequency Drives, , http://www.cimentec.com, [retrieved on 26th October 2010]; Solomon, S., (1999) Understanding Variable Speed Drives (Part 2), , http://ecmweb.com, [retrieved on 14th October 2010]; (2010) Variable Frequency Drive, , http://www.rowan.edu, VFD [retrieved on 18th October 2010]; Eknath, S.Y., Variable Speed Drive, , http://www.energymanagertraining.com, [retrieved on 26th October 2010]; Rashid, M.H., (2001) Power Electronics Handbook, , Academic press Canada; (2010) A Guide to Using Variable Speed Drives and Motors in Hospitals and Healthcare Centers, , http://www05.abb.com, ABB [retrieved on 28th October 2010]; Al-Bahadly, I., (2007) Energy Saving with Variable Speed Drives in Industry Applications, , WSEAS Int; (2005) Carrier Operation and Application of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Technology, , Carrier Corporation Syracuse New York; Variable Speed Pumping A Guide to Successful Applications, , http://www1.eere.energy.gov, Euro Pump U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. [retrieved on 21st December 2008]; Mustaffah, S., Azma, S., (2006) Variable Speed Drives As Energy Efficient Strategy in Pulp and Paper Industry, , Master thesis. Malaysia: University Technology Malaysia; Saidur, R., A review on electrical motors energy use and energy savings (2009) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 877-898; Shepherd, W., Hulley, L.N., Liang, D.T.W., (1995) Power Electronics and Motor Control, , Cambridge University Press 539 pp; Okaeme, N., (2008) Automated Robust Control System Design for Variable Speed Drives, , PhD thesis. UK: University of Nottingham; Barnes, M., (2003) Practical Variable Speed Drives and Power Electronics, Technology & Engineering, , Perth Australia 286 pp; (2010) Guide to Variable Speed Drives, , http://www05.abb.com, ABB [retrieved on 18th October 2010]; Saidur, R., Mahlia, T.M.I., Energy, economic and environmental benefits of using high efficiency motors to replace standard motors for the Malaysian industries (2010) Energy Policy, 38 (8), pp. 4617-4625; Saidur, R., Rahim, N.A., Ping, H.W., Jahirul, M.I., Mekhilef, S., Masjuki, H.H., Energy and emission analysis for industrial motors in Malaysia (2009) Energy Policy, 37, pp. 3650-3658; Olson, M.R., Lonnberg, M., Variable frequency drives for energy savings in hospitals (2005) Hospitals Engineers & Facilities Management, 2; Energy Efficient Motor Applications, , http://www.aps.com, APS [retrieved on 28th October 2010]; Sueker, K.H., Power electronics design: A practitioner’s guide (2005) Newnes; Jayamaha, L., (2006) Energy-efficient Building Systems: Green Strategies for Operation and Maintenance, , McGraw-Hill Professional New York 305 pp; (2003) VFD Fundamentals, , http://www.kilowattclassroom.com, LLC [retrieved on 18th October 2010]; (2008) Electric Motors-alignment of Standards and Best Practice Programs Within APEC. Final Report, , APEC; Leonard Iii, A., (2006) Power Quality and Cost Analysis of Industrial Electrical Distribution Systems with Adjustable Speed Drives, , MS thesis. USA: California State University; Kaya, D., Yagmur, E.A., Yigit, K.S., Kilic, F.C., Eren, A.S., Celik, C., Energy efficiency in pumps (2008) Energy Conversion and Management, 49, pp. 1662-1673; Saǧlam, Z., (2003) Power Electronics and Drives, , http://www.energymanagertraining.com, [retrieved on 27th October 2010]; Kirtley, J., (2004) Electric Motor Handbook, Chapter One, Technology & Engineering, , McGraw-Hill 404 pp; Boley, B.L., (1997) Overview of Motor Types Tutorial, , http://www.oddparts.com, [retrieved on 27th October 2010]; Viholainen, J., Kortelainen, Ahonen, T., Aranto, N., Vakkilainen, E., (2010) Energy Efficiency in Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Controlled Parallel Pumping, , http://www1.cetim.fr, [retrieved on 4th November 2010]; Beggs, C., (2002) Energy Management and Conservation, , Elsevier Ltd; Gao, X., (2002) Energy Consumption of HVAC Variable Speed Pumping Systems, , PHD thesis. USA: The University of Alabama; De Almeida, A., Bertoldi, P., Leonhard, W., (1997) Energy Efficiency Improvements in Electric Motors and Drives, , Springer; Qureshi, T.Q., Tassou, S., A., variable-speed capacity control in refrigeration systems (1996) Applied Thermal Engineering, 16 (2), pp. 103-113; Teitel, M., Zhao, A.L.Y., Barak, M., Eli, B.-lev., Shmuel, D., Energy saving in agricultural buildings through fan motor control by variable frequency drives (2008) Energy and Buildings, 40, pp. 953-960; Saidur, R., Rahim, N., Hasanuzzaman, M., A review on compressed-air energy use and energy savings (2009) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, pp. 1135-1153; (2009) Products for Compressor Applications Powerful, Reliable, Efficient Solutions, , http://www05.abb.com, ABB [retrieved on 3rd October 2010]; Nadel, S., Wang, W., Liu, P., McKane, A., (2001) The China Motor Systems Energy Conservation Program: A Major National Initiative to Reduce Motor System Energy Use in China, , http://industrial-energy.lbl.gov, China: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [retrieved on 17th July 2010]; (2009) Variable Speed Air Compressor, , http://www.inverter-china.com, Community of Green Energy, Renewable Power, Electrical Machinery, Automation, Process Control (CGREAP) [retrieved on 3rd October 2010]; Thota, S., (2003) Harmonic Filters Overview - Part One, , http://powersupplies.frost.com, [retrieved on 29th November 2010]; Wildi, T., (2005) Electrical Machines, Drives, and Power Systems, , 6th Ed. Prentice Hall Columbus; Almeidaanibal, T., De Almeida, Fonseca, P., Bertoldi, P., Energy-efficient motor systems in the industrial and in the services sectors in the European Union: Characterization, potentials, barriers and policies (2003) Energy, 28, pp. 673-690; Bingham, R.P., (2010) Harmonics - Understanding the Facts, , http://www.dranetz-bmi.com, [retrieved on 28th October 2010]; (2010) Harmonics Filter, , http://www.unicous.com, UNICO [retrieved on 18th October 2010]; (2010) Variable Frequency Drive, , http://www.energy.ca.gov, VFD [retrieved on 4th November 2010]; Zabardast, A., Mokhtari, H., Effect of high-efficient electric motors on efficiency improvement and electric energy saving DRPT 2008, , 6th-9th April, Nanjing, China; Nesbitt, L., (2008) The Impact of Industry Characteristics on the Diffusion of Adjustable Speed Motors Across Manufacturing Industries, , MA thesis. USA: University of Denver; Martino, F.J., (2003) Payback Analysis for Variable Frequency Drives, , http://www.powerqualityanddrives.com, [retrieved on 30th August 2009]; Abdelaziz, E.A., Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., A review on energy saving strategies in industrial sector (2011) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (1), pp. 150-168; Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., Energy use, energy savings and emission analysis in the Malaysian rubber producing industries (2010) Applied Energy, 87, pp. 2746-2758; Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahim, N.A., Saidur, R., Kazi, S.N., Energy savings and emissions reductions for rewinding and replacement of industrial motor (2011) Energy, 36 (1), pp. 233-240; Saidur, R., Madlool, N.A., Hossain, M.S., Rahim, N.A., A critical review on energy use and savings in the cement industries (2011) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (4), pp. 2042-2060; Saidur, R., Energy savings and emission reductions in industrial boilers (2011) Thermal Science, 15 (3), pp. 707-721; Saidur, R., Hasanuzzaman, M., Yogeswaran, S., Mohammed, H.A., Hossain, M.S., End use energy analysis in a Malaysian public hospital (2010) Energy, 5 (12), pp. 4780-4785; Lönnberg, M., Variable speed drives for energy savings in hospitals (2007) World Pumps, pp. 20-24; Christina, G., Worrell, E., Energy efficiency improvement and cost saving opportunities for the vehicle assembly industry (2008) LBNL-50939-Revision; Price, A., Ross, M.H., Reducing industrial electricity costs - An automotive case study (1989) The Electricity Journal, pp. 40-51. , July; Saidur, R., Atabani, A.E., Mekhilef, S., A review on electrical and thermal energy for industries (2011) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (4), pp. 2073-2086; Saidur, R., Mahlia, T.M.I., Impacts of energy efficiency standard on motor energy savings and emission reductions (2011) Clean Technology and Environmental Policy, 13 (1), pp. 103-109; Yu, F.W., Chan, K.T., Environmental performance and economic analysis of all-variable speed chiller systems with load-based speed control (2009) Applied Thermal Engineering, 29, pp. 1721-1729; De Keulenaer, H., Belmans, R., Blaustein, E., Chapman, D., De Almeida, A., De Wachter, B., Radgen, P., (2004) Energy Efficient Motor Driven Systems, , European Copper Institute Tervurenlaan 168b10, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; De Almeida, A.T., Fernando, J.T.E., Ferreira, P, F., (2000) VSDs for Electric Motor Systems, Handbook, p. 109. , http://www.scribd.com, [retrieved on 3rd December 2010]
S Mekhilef, R Saidur, A Safari (2012)  Comparative study of different fuel cell technologies   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16: 1. 981-989  
Abstract: Fuel cells generate electricity and heat during electrochemical reaction which happens between the oxygen and hydrogen to form the water. Fuel cell technology is a promising way to provide energy for rural areas where there is no access to the public grid or where there is a huge cost of wiring and transferring electricity. In addition, applications with essential secure electrical energy requirement such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power generation stations and distributed systems can employ fuel cells as their source of energy. The current paper includes a comparative study of basic design, working principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages of various technologies available for fuel cells. In addition, techno-economic features of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) are compared. The results indicate that fuel cell systems have simple design, high reliability, noiseless operation, high efficiency and less environmental impact. The aim of this paper is to serve as a convenient reference for fuel cell power generation reviews.
Notes: 871UZ Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:56
S Mekhilef, A Safari, D Chandrasegaran (2012)  Feasibility study of off-shore wind farms in Malaysia   Energy Education Science and Technology Part A : Energy Science and Research 29: 1. 519-530  
Abstract: The paper describes the current situation of wind energy across the world and specifically discusses the offshore wind farm technology. Subsequently, wind energy potentiality and techno- economic feasibility of offshore wind farms is investigated in Malaysia. Analysis was conducted using HOMER software to assess the potential of wind energy along the South China Sea coastline. This study indicates the best sites to set up offshore wind farms in Malaysia while costs associated for wind energy generation are calculated. Also, case studies for two types of Vestas wind turbine models (V- 47 and V-80) are conducted. The analysis shows the feed-in tariff policy reduces the energy price and increases wind farms profitability. Investment, operation and maintenance costs have been evaluated for offshore wind energy system. © Sila Science.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Safari, A.; University of Malaya, Department of Electrical Engineering, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: azadehsafari2008@gmail.com References: Cellura, M., Cirrincione, G., Marvuglia, A., Miraoui, A., Wind speed spatial estimation for energy planning in Sicily: Introduction and statistical analysis (2008) Renew energy, 33, pp. 1237-1250; Chiang, E.P., Zainal, Z.A., Aswatha Narayana, P.A., Seetharamu, K.N., Potential of renewable wave and offshore wind energy sources in Malaysia (2003) Marine Technology Seminar, pp. 1-7; (2008) World wind energy association, , World wind energy report; Demirbas, A., Energy issues in energy education (2011) Energ Educ Sci Tech-A, 27, pp. 209-220; Nogay, H.S., Akinci, T.C., Long term wind speed estimation for a randomly selected time interval by using artificial neural networks, Amasra, Turkey (2012) Energ Educ Sci Technol Part-A, 28, pp. 759-772; Mekhilef, S., Saidur, R., Safari, A., A review on solar energy use in industries (2011) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, pp. 1777-1790; Abdelaziz, E.A., Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., A review on energy saving strategies in industrial sector (2011) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, pp. 150-168; Saidur, R., Lai, Y.K., Nanotechnology in vehicle’s weight reduction and associated energy savings (2011) Energ Educ Sci Tech-A, 26, pp. 87-101; Mahlia, T.M.I., Saidur, R., Yanti, P.A.A., Masjuki, H.H., Role of energy guide labels in consumers purchase decision for household electrical appliances (2011) Energ Educ Sci Tech-A, 27, pp. 95-104; Mostafaeipour, A., Feasibility study of offshore wind turbine installation in Iran compared with the world (2010) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, pp. 1722-1743; Saidur, R., Mahlia, T.M.I., Hasanuzzaman, M., Developing energy performance standard, label and test procedures and impacts analysis for commercial chillers (2011) Energ Educ Sci Tech-A, 27, pp. 175-190; (2006) Produced by Senter Novem, , www.offshorewindenergy.org, Concerted Action for Offshore Wind Energy Deployment (COD), Principal Findings 2003-2005, Available online at; Gaudiosi, G., Offshore wind energy prospects (1999) Renew Energy Jl, 16, pp. 828-834; Musial, W., (2005) Offshore wind energy potential for the United States, , National Renewable Energy Laboratory; van Bussel, G., Schontag, C., Operation and maintenance aspects of large offshore wind farms (1997) Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference in Dublin, , http://www.ct.tudelft.nl/windenergy/publicat.htm#IPp99, Ireland, October, Available online at; Zaharim, A., Najid, S.K., Razali, A.M., Sopian, K., Wind speed analysis in the east coast of Malaysia (2009) Europ J Sci Res, 32, pp. 208-215; Niewott, S., (1981) The climate of continental Southeast Asia, 9, pp. 57-71. , Climate of the Southern and Western Asia, Worm Survey of Climatology, S. Takahashi and H. Arakawa (eds); (2010) Malaysia Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis-Oil, Gas, Electricity, , www.eia.doe.gov, Coal,. Available online at; Hui Oh, T., Pang, S.Y., Chyi Chua, S., Energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia: Issues and challenges for sustainable growth (2010) Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 14, pp. 1241-1252; Sopian, K.H., Othman, M.Y., Wirsat, A., The wind energy potential of Malaysia (1995) Renew Energy, 6, pp. 1005-1016; Zaharim, A., Najid, S.K., Razali, A.M., Sopian, K., (2009) Analyzing Malaysian wind speed data using statistical distribution, pp. 363-370. , 4 th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Energy & Environment; Sopian, K., Othman, M.Y., Yatim, B., Daud, W.R.W., Future directions in Malaysian environment friendly renewable energy technologies research and development (2005) Sci Technol Vision, 1, pp. 30-36; Ismail, B., (2009) Exploring wind energy for electricity generation, , Renewable Summit 2009; Elhadidy, M.A., Shaahid, S.M., Parametric study of hybrid (wind+solar+diesel) power generating systems (2000) Renew Energy, 21, pp. 129-139; Chiang, E.P., Zainal, Z.A., Aswatha Narayana, P.A., Seetharamu, K.N., The potential of wave and offshore wind energy in around the coastline of Malaysia that face the South China Sea (2003) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Renewable Energy: Environment Protection & Energy Solution for Sustainable Development 2003, , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (2010) National Renewable Energy Laboratory, , http://homerenergy.com/, Available online at; Pantaleo, A., Pellerano, A., Ruggiero, F., Trovato, M., Feasibility study of offshore wind farms: An applicatino to Puglia region (2005) Solar Energy, 79, pp. 321-331; Sevim, C., Kultur, D., Basak, S., Wind power grid connection characteristics for Turkey (2011) Energ Educ Sci Tech-A, 26, pp. 155-164; Sevim, C., Economic evaluation of PWR, BWR and PHWR nuclear power plants for Turkey (2011) Energ Educ Sci Tech-A, 27, pp. 169-174; Vardar, A., Eker, B., Durgut, M.R., Okur, E., Kurt, F., Modeling studies on the relation between wind speed and height: Tekirdag sample (2011) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 27, pp. 383-388; Jicheng, D., Yongning, C., Lin, Z., Sandholt, K., BregnbÊk, L., Yan, L., Study on grid capability to accommodate wind energy based on power balance (2011) Energy Educ Sci Technol Part A, 28, pp. 117-124; Zuo, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, Z., Neural network-based adaptive control for variable-speed variable-pitch wind energy conversion systems (2011) Energ Educ Sci Tech-A, 28, pp. 125-132
T M I Mahlia, J H Yong, A Safari, S Mekhilef (2012)  Techno-economic analysis of palm oil mill wastes to generate power for grid-connected utilization   Energy Education Science and Technology Part A : Energy Science and Research 28: 2. 1111-1130  
Abstract: In association with the rapidly depleting fossil fuel reserves as well as the unstable fluctuations of the fuel prices, efforts are focused on exploration of an alternative to replace conventional energy sources especially in the power generation sector. In Malaysia, the palm oil industry produces significant amount of wastes that can be used as an admirable choice for energy production. This study investigates the feasibility and stability of palm oil wastes for power generation including introduction to the palm oil industry as well as the wastes generated, the assessment of the supply, current demand and the future trend of biomass energy in Malaysia. Furthermore, economic aspects of the biomass power generation are discussed in term of the payback period. Equations which are used to calculate the potential of power generation from palm oil are also presented and assessments were conducted based on the available information and models. It was confirmed that palm oil wastes are one of the promising candidates for biomass power generation for grid connected in Malaysia; however, further study is necessary to identify the technologies available in this area.
Notes: 848XE Times Cited:12 Cited References Count:43
2011
S Mekhilef, M N A Kadir (2011)  Novel Vector Control Method for Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter   Ieee Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58: 4. 1339-1349  
Abstract: A three-stage 18-level hybrid inverter circuit and its innovative control method have been presented. The three hybrid inverter stages are the high-, medium-, and low-voltage stages. The high-voltage stage is made of a three-phase conventional inverter to reduce dc source cost and losses. The medium- and low-voltage stages are made of three-level inverters constructed using cascaded H-bridge units. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is to avoid the undesirable high switching frequency for high- and medium-voltage stages despite the fact that the inverter’s dc sources are selected to maximize the inverter levels by eliminating redundant voltage states. have been developed to assure fundamental switching frequency operation of the high-voltage stages and not more than few times this frequency for the medium-voltage stage. The low-voltage stage is controlled using SVM to achieve the reference voltage vector exactly and to set the order of dominant harmonics as desired. The realization of this control approach has been enabled by considering the vector space plane in the state selection rather than individual phase levels. The inverter has been constructed, and the control algorithm has been implemented. Test results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the claimed features, and all major hypotheses have been verified.
Notes: 734KZ Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:41
S Mekhilef, R Saidur, A Safari (2011)  A review on solar energy use in industries   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 4. 1777-1790  
Abstract: Presently, solar energy conversion is widely used to generate heat and produce electricity. A comparative study on the world energy consumption released by International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that in 2050, solar array installations will supply around 45% of energy demand in the world. It was found that solar thermal is getting remarkable popularity in industrial applications. Solar thermal is an alternative to generate electricity, process chemicals or even space heating. It can be used in food, non-metallic, textile, building, chemical or even business related industries. On the other hand, solar electricity is wildly applied in telecommunication, agricultural, water desalination and building industry to operate lights, pumps, engines, fans, refrigerators and water heaters. It is very important to apply solar energy for a wide variety of applications and provide energy solutions by modifying the energy proportion, improving energy stability, increasing energy sustainability, conversion reduction and hence enhance the system efficiency. The present work aimed to study the solar energy systems utilization in industrial applications and looked into the industrial applications which are more compatible to be integrated with solar energy systems.
Notes: 744XJ Times Cited:10 Cited References Count:51
J U Ahamed, R Saidur, H H Masjuki, S Mekhilef, M B Ali, M H Furqon (2011)  An application of energy and exergy analysis in agricultural sector of Malaysia   Energy Policy 39: 12. 7922-7929  
Abstract: Thermodynamic losses usually take place in machineries used for agricultural activities. Therefore, it is important to identify and quantify the losses in order to devise strategies or policies to reduce them. An exergy analysis is a tool that can identify the losses occurred in any sector. In this study, an analysis has been carried out to estimate energy and exergy consumption of the agricultural sector in Malaysia. Energy and exergy efficiencies have been determined for the devices used in the agricultural sector of Malaysia, where petrol, diesel and fuel oil are used to run the machineries. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for the overall efficiencies of Malaysian agricultural sector are presented as well. The average overall energy and exergy efficiencies of this sector were found to be 22% and 20.728%, respectively, within the period from 1991 to 2009. These figures were found to be lower than those of Norway but higher than Turkey.
Notes: 866EN Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:47
S Mekhilef, R Saidur, A Safari, W E S B Mustaffa (2011)  Biomass energy in Malaysia : Current state and prospects   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 7. 3360-3370  
Abstract: Today, energy crisis turn out to be a serious threat towards sustainability for developing countries since their energy demand is growing more rapidly than developed countries. On the other hand, fossil fuels cannot sustain anymore in the near future because of environmental impacts and depletion of the reserves. Malaysia is experiencing drastic growth in population and economy and requires exploring alternative energy sources to support its population and commercial energy demand. Biomass as the fourth largest energy resource in the world is abundant in the country. Malaysia is blessed with tropical and humid climate all year round which is a magnificent opportunity for fully exploiting agriculture and tropical forests potential. Since late 1990, the concept of waste-to-wealth had been promoted and became popular widely. This concept is based on unwanted wastes which are converted into valuable energy while reducing waste generated and increase the economy-efficiency mainly used for cooking, space heating and power generation. Currently, concerted efforts and various biomass energy programs are supporting by the government for development, demonstration and commercialization. This paper intent to present the current state and prospects of biomass utilization and strategies promoted for future developments in Malaysia.
Notes: 805KC Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:32
E A Abdelaziz, R Saidur, S Mekhilef (2011)  A review on energy saving strategies in industrial sector   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 1. 150-168  
Abstract: An industrial sector uses more energy than any other end-use sectors and currently this sector is consuming about 37% of the world’s total delivered energy. Energy is consumed in the industrial sector by a diverse group of industries including manufacturing, agriculture,mining, and construction and for a wide range of activities, such as processing and assembly, space conditioning, and lighting. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review about industrial energy saving by management, technologies and policies. Latest literatures in terms of thesis (MS and PhD), journal articles, conference proceedings, web materials, reports, books, handbooks on industrial energy management, policies and energy savings strategies have been compiled. Energy saving by management including energy audit, training programs and housekeeping beside some energy management practices in the world has been reviewed. Energy saving technologies, such as use of high efficiency motors (HEMs), variable speed drives (VSDs), economizers, leak prevention and reducing pressure drop has been reviewed. Based on energy saving technologies results, it has been found that in the industrial sectors, a sizeable amount of electric energy, emissions and utility bill can be saved using these technologies. Payback periods for different energy savings measures have been identified and found to be economically viable in most cases. Finally, various energy-saving policies for few selected countries were reviewed.
Notes: 688PI Times Cited:16 Cited References Count:75
S Mekhilef, M Tarek, N Abd Rahim (2011)  Single-phase hybrid active power filter with adaptive notch filter for harmonic current estimation   IETE Journal of Research 57: 1. 20-28  
Abstract: This paper presents a digital implementation of a new and simple control technique for single-phase Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF). The main control consists of an accurate estimation technique used to extract harmonic current generated by nonlinear loads. The estimation of harmonic current is done by using multiple units of an Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF) linked together in parallel structure; each unit is used to estimate a specified harmonic component. The frequency estimation is then carried out based on the output of these units. Therefore, the sum of these harmonic components will be the reference signal for the active power filter to generate the appropriate compensation signal. A laboratory prototype model of the HAPF was developed and its control strategy was implemented digitally in TMS320F2808. The theoretical expectations were verified and demonstrated experimentally.
Notes: 745XE Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:22
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2011)  DSP controlled isolated DC-DC converter for distributed generation system   International Review of Electrical Engineering 6: 4. 1570-1580  
Abstract: This paper presents the analysis and design of Isolated DC-DC converter suitable for distributed generation system. The DC-DC converter consist H-bridge inverter, High frequency transformer, full bridge rectifier, and low pass filter. Phase shift PWM with Zero voltage and zero current switching used to minimize the switching power dissipation. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) board is used to implement the control algorithm. The control algorithm includes phase-shift PWM and PID close loop control, are designed using SIMULINK Embedded Target Library which are used to represent algorithms and peripherals specific DSP family. The converter is simulated using SIMULINK software to verify the operation of the converter. Fuel cell model is prepared to act as unstable voltage source in the simulation of the converter. Experimental results and simulation results are shown to validate the proposed DC-DC converter.
Notes: Part a 831UO Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:30
S Mekhilef, S Siga, R Saidur (2011)  A review on palm oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 4. 1937-1949  
Abstract: The demand of increasing price in fossil fuel has prompted the global oil industry to look at the alternative sources of fuel from renewable energy source which is biodiesel. Biodiesel is considered as better option because of its environmental friendly characteristics while giving almost the same functional properties like fossil fuels. This paper will focus on the biodiesel produced in Malaysia. Palm oil is the main raw stock for biodiesel production in Malaysia as the country is one of the leading palm oil producers in the world. There are many advantages and disadvantages from the economical social and environmental aspects in the Malaysian biodiesel production in specific palm oil biodiesel. The aim of this paper is to analyze the past, current and future of palm oil biodiesel industry in Malaysia. This paper includes the technology aspect used in the palm oil biodiesel production and characteristics of pure palm oil biodiesel to meet the international market standard. Malaysia faces tough competition from other biodiesel producers like Indonesia and Brazil. The scope of this study covers the worldwide biodiesel development in brief in continuation with the challenges faced by Malaysia in becoming the top biodiesel exporter in the world with the advantages and disadvantage of using palm oil as the feedstock.
Notes: 744XJ Times Cited:13 Cited References Count:30
R Saidur, ET Elcevvadi, S Mekhilef, A Safari, HA Mohammed (2011)  An overview of different distillation methods for small scale applications   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 9. 4756-4764  
Abstract: Many countries now suffer from shortage in fresh water, hence, currently 125 countries around the world are taking advantage of desalination methods to access fresh water from brackish and seawater. As desalination is one of the important processes for producing potable water that can be used for human consumption, irrigation and industry. In the last decades, many researchers have been conducted to minimize the cost of this process, and several methods have been developed. Among these methods, distillation appears as one of the best practical and the most economical, especially for mass production of fresh water from high saline water like seawater. On the other hand, most of the ongoing desalination researches concentrate on large-scale plants which are suitable for mass production of fresh water. A few researches have been conducted on small scale water distillation. This study will focus on different distillation methods for small scale production of potable water which is suitable for domestic, small factories, laboratories, and emergency use. This review presents various technologies available for small scale distillation with focus on Refro-distiller systems. Consequently, the theoretical analysis to determine the efficiency and energy costs are presented.
Notes: 871UY Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:30
A Safari, S Mekhilef (2011)  Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT With Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter   Ieee Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58: 4. 1154-1161  
Abstract: This paper presents simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance (IncCond) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power systems with direct control method. The main difference of the proposed system to existing MPPT systems includes elimination of the proportional-integral control loop and investigation of the effect of simplifying the control circuit. Contributions are made in several aspects of the whole system, including converter design, system simulation, controller programming, and experimental setup. The resultant system is capable of tracking MPPs accurately and rapidly without steady-state oscillation, and also, its dynamic performance is satisfactory. The IncCond algorithm is used to track MPPs because it performs precise control under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. MATLAB and Simulink were employed for simulation studies, and Code Composer Studio v3.1 was used to program a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor. The proposed system was developed and tested successfully on a photovoltaic solar panel in the laboratory. Experimental results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.
Notes: 734KZ Times Cited:17 Cited References Count:33
R Saidur, AE Atabani, S Mekhilef (2011)  A review on electrical and thermal energy for industries   Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 4. 2073-2086  
Abstract: Energy is a vital input for social and economic development of any nation. Currently the industrial sector is consuming about 37% of the world’s total delivered energy use for diverse activities in manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction. It was reported that global industrial energy consumption is estimated to grow from 5.129E+07GWh in 2006 to 7.198E+07GWh in 2030 for the next 25 years. Presently, fossil fuel based energy such as oil, coal, and natural gas are the major sources of energy for industrial activities. Over 80% of total industrial energy needs are met by fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide which is responsible for negative impacts to the environment. This paper aims at reviewing diverse types of fuels used in industries. It starts with reviewing world fuel consumption trends, world carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption trends in industry. Characteristics including fuels energy contents, density, composition, emissions factors and many others factors have also been reviewed. This paper also reflects the possibility of using alternative fuels in industries. It has been found that switching to alternative fuels can offer many social and economic advantages and will result in a positive impact on the environment. Moreover, many alternative fuels have been found to have good energy content those are comparable with fossil fuels.
Notes: 744XJ Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:67
2010
T M I Mahlia, C G Hor, H H Masjuki, M Husnawan, M Varman, S Mekhilef (2010)  Clothes Drying from Room Air Conditioning Waste Heat : Thermodynamics Investigation   Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 35: 1B. 339-351  
Abstract: This paper discusses an experimental study for using heat wasted from a split-type room air conditioner for clothes drying. The study compares the effectiveness of this drying system to a conventional one in terms of duration required to dry the clothes and energy consumption. The objectives of the study are to analyze performance of a room air-conditioner as clothes dryer and to evaluate the effectiveness of its heat waste for a drying system. The experiment is conducted for three drying conditions, namely, outdoor natural drying at midday, indoor natural drying, and drying using air-conditioner waste heat. The study found that using room air-conditioner waste heat for clothes drying is very reliable, especially in congested high-rise residential areas, without additional electricity cost.
Notes: 587EH Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:10
M N A Kadir, S Mekhilef, H W Ping (2010)  Voltage vector control of a hybrid three-stage 18-level inverter by vector decomposition   Iet Power Electronics 3: 4. 601-611  
Abstract: This study presents a three-stage 18-level inverter design and its innovative control method. The inverter consists of a series-connected main high-, medium- and low-voltage stages. The high-voltage stage is made of a three-phase, six-switch inverter. The medium- and low-voltage stages are made of three-level inverters constructed by H-bridge units. The proposed control strategy assumes a reference input voltage vector and aims to operate the inverter in one state per sampling time to produce the nearest vector to that reference. The controller operates to reach the desired state with minimum switching actions, giving the priority in switching reduction to the higher voltage stage. The approach of the proposed control strategy has been presented, a set of related terms has been defined and the implementation process has been described. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and the capability of the inverter to produce low-voltage distortion and switching losses.
Notes: Kadir, M. N. Abdul Mekhilef, S. Ping, H. W.
S Mekhilef (2010)  Renewable energy resources and technology practices in Malaysia   5th International Symposium on Hydrocarbons & Chemistry (ISHC5)  
Abstract: Malaysia is endowed with vast renewable energy resources such as biomass and solar. Besides, hydro and wind power can be considered as potential renewable energy resources. Harnessing these resources appears to be a promising solution for improving the life quality of rural villagers. The government and many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have tried to comprehend and have strived to address the problem of energy. The depleting gas and oil sources is also a problem which the government never took for granted as a number of energy-related policies was proposed since six decades ago to ensure the sustainability and efficiency in energy supply. The overall approach in examining this issue will focus on the ongoing renewable energy projects, energy policies for promoting RE as one of the energy supply, technologies used as well as the future direction of the renewable energy sector. This paper reviews the renewable energy resources and renewable energy technologies (RETs) practicing in Malaysia in terms of its implementation, research and development activities.
Notes:
M N A Kadir, S Mekhilef, H W Ping (2010)  Dual Vector Control Strategy for a Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter   Journal of Power Electronics 10: 2. 155-164  
Abstract: This paper presents a voltage control algorithm for a hybrid multilevel inverter based on a staged-perception of the inverter voltage vector diagram. The algorithm is applied to control a three-stage eighteen-level hybrid inverter, which has been designed with a maximum number of symmetrical levels. The inverter has a two-level main stage built using a conventional six-switch inverter and medium- and low- voltage three-level stages constructed using cascaded H-bridge cells. The distinctive feature of the proposed algorithm is its ability to avoid the undesirable high switching frequency for high- and medium- voltage stages despite the fact that the inverter’s dc sources voltages are selected to maximize the number of levels by state redundancy elimination. The high- and medium- voltage stages switching algorithms have been developed to assure fundamental switching frequency operation of the high voltage stage and not more than few times this frequency for the medium voltage stage. The low voltage stage is controlled using a SVPWM to achieve the reference voltage vector exactly and to set the order of the dominant harmonics. The inverter has been constructed and the control algorithm has been implemented. Test results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the desired features and all of the major hypotheses have been verified.
Notes: 574QP Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:38
T S Ustun, S Mekhilef (2010)  Effects of a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) based on a soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter on the power demand from the grid   Journal of Power Electronics 10: 1. 85-90  
Abstract: In this paper the effects of a Static Synchronous Series Compensator, which is constructed with a 48-pulse inverter, on the power demand from the grid are studied. Extensive simulation studies were carried out in the MATLAB simulation environment to observe the compensation achieved by the SSSC and its effects on the line voltage, line current, phase angle and real/reactive power. The designed device is simulated in a power system which is comprised of a three phase power source, a transmission line, line inductance and load. The system parameters such as line voltage, line current, reactive power Q and real power P transmissions are observed both when the SSSC is connected to and disconnected from the power system. The motivation for modeling a SSSC from a multi-pulse inverter is to enhance the voltage waveform of the device and this is observed in the total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis performed at the end of the paper. According to the results, the power flow and phase angle can be controlled successfully by the new device through voltage injection. Finally a THD analysis is performed to see the harmonics content. The effect on the quality of the line voltage and current is acceptable according to international standards.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 10 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ustun, T. S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: tahaselim@yahoo.com References: Hingorani, N., Gyugyi, L., (1999) Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, IEEE Press, pp. 1-2; Asare, P., Diez, T., Galli, A., O’Neill-Carillo, E., Robertson, J., Zhao, R., (1994) An Overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, , ECE Technical Reports PURDUE University; Ying, X., Song, Y.H., Chen-Ching, L., Sun, Y., Available transfer capability enhancement using FACTS devices (2003) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 18 (1). , Feb; Paserba, J., How FACTS controllers benefit AC transmission systems (2003) Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, , PES; Habur, K., Leary, D.O., FACTS for cost effective and reliable transmission of electrical energy (2005) Reactive Power Compensation, Power Transmission and Distribution Group of Siemens; Singer, A., Hoffman, W., Combined system of the static synchronous series compensator and passive filter applied to wind energy conversion system (2007) Proceedings of PEDS 2007, , Nov; Mahdad, B., Barek, T., Srairi, K., Strategy of location and Control of FACTS devices for enhancing power quality (2006) Proceedings of IEEE Melecon 2006, , May; Lin, Z., Zexiang, C., Yixin, N., Zhou, L., Deqiang, G., A novel controller design for STATCOM based on the concept of area center of inertia (2008) Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, Pp., pp. 1281-1286. , Apr; Galiana, F.D., Almeida, K., Toussaint, M., Griffin, J., Atanackovic, D., Ooi, B.T., McGillis, D.T., Assessment and control of the impact of facts devices on power system performance (1996) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 11 (4). , Nov; Molinas, M., Kondoh, J., Suul, J.A., Undeland, T., Reactive support for wind and wave farms with a statcom for integration into the power system (2006) Proceedings of Renewable Energy Conference 2006, , Oct; Padiyar, K.R., Prabhu, N., Analysis of subSynchronous resonance with three level twelve-pulse VSC based SSSC (2003) Proceedings of TENCON 2003, , Oct; Geethalaksmi, B., Hajmunnisa, T., Dananjayan, P., Dynamic characteristic analysis of SSSC based on 48-pulse Inverter (2007) Proceedings of IPEC 2007, , Dec; Han, B., Moon, S., Karady, G., Dynamic characteristic analysis of multi-bridge PWM Inverter for SSSC (2000) Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, IEEE, 3, pp. 1618-1623. , Jul; Ye, Y., Kazerani, M., Quintena, V., SSSC: Current-source Converter based modeling and control (2001) Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting IEEE, 2 (15-19), pp. 949-954. , Jul; Zhao, Y., Xiao, X., Jia, X., Nonlinear PID controller of H-bridge Cascade SSSC top level control (2008) Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, , Apr; El-Moursi, M.S., Sharaf, A.M., Novel Controllers for the 48-pulse VSC STATCOM and SSSC for Voltage Regulation and Reactive power Compensation (2005) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20 (4). , Nov; Wildi, T., (1991) Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems, pp. 596-598. , Second Edition, Prentice Hall; Hui, S.Y.R., Analysis of a Quasi-resonant circuit for softSwitched inverters (1996) IEEE Transactions of Power Electronics, 11 (1), pp. 106-114. , Jan; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., A quasi-resonant soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter with closed loop current control for the realization of FACTS devices (2008) Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference AUPEC ’08, , Dec; Mohan, N., Undeland, T., Robbins, W., (1995) Power Electronics, Converter, Applications, and Design, , John Wiley and Sons; Kisck, D.O., Navrapescu, V., Kisck, M., Single-phase unified power quality conditioner with optimum voltage angle injection for minimum VA requirement (2007) Power Electronics Specialists Conference, , Jun; Recommended practice for utility interface of photovoltaic (PV) systems IEEE Standards, pp. 929-2000. , IEEE; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Power line compensation Study of a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) based on soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter (2009) Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3 (2), pp. 1301-1314. , AJBAS April-June 2009
S Mekhilef, T R Chard, V K Ramachandramurthy (2010)  Voltage rise due to inter-connection of embedded generators to distribution network   Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 69: 6. 433-438  
Abstract: This study presents voltage control method to increase embedded generation (EG) transfer capability and to ensure distribution network voltage within statutory limits. A typical EG plant and generic 11 KV distribution network was developed. Various scenarios assessed impact of embedded generator on voltage profiles of a network with light and peak load conditions.
Notes: 609JO Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:12
R Saidur, S Mekhilef (2010)  Energy use, energy savings and emission analysis in the Malaysian rubber producing industries   Applied Energy 87: 8. 2746-2758  
Abstract: In this paper an analysis of energy use and energy conservation in the Malaysian rubber producing industries is presented. It has been found that rubber industries consume a substantial amount of energy. Excessive use of energy is usually associated with many industrial plants worldwide, and rubber plants are no exception. This study is based on the realization that enormous potential exists for cost-effective improvements in the existing energy-using equipment. Through the method of a walkthrough energy audit, power rating, operation time of energy-consuming equipment/machineries and power factor were collected. The data were then analyzed to investigate the breakdown of end-use equipment/machineries energy use. The results of the energy audit in the Malaysian rubber and rubber producing industries showed that the electric motor accounts for a major fraction of total energy consumption followed by pumps, heaters, cooling systems and lighting. Since the electric motor takes up a substantial amount of the total energy used in rubber industries, energy-savings strategies such as the use of high efficient motors, and variable speed drive (VSD) have been used to reduce energy consumption of motors used in rubber industries. Energy-savings strategies for compressed-air systems, boilers, and chillers have also been applied to estimate energy and cost savings. It has been found that significant amount of energy and; utility bills can be saved along with the reduction of emission by applying the foretold strategies for energy using machineries in the rubber industries.
Notes: 615KM Times Cited:9 Cited References Count:59
T S Ustun, S Mekhilef (2010)  Design and Implementation of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with a Soft-Switching H-Bridge Inverter with DSP-Based Synchronization Control   International Review of Electrical Engineering-Iree 5: 4. 1347-1353  
Abstract: The implementation of an H-bridge inverter which is aimed to be a building block for Flexible AC Transmission Systems, namely Static Synchronous Series Compensator, is explained in detail The inverter is implemented with the ready-made module from Mitsubishi PS21997 A quasi-resonant topology that is comprised of a clamping circuit and a resonant circuit, is also implemented in order to achieve soft switching and thus increase the overall efficiency of the inverter by decreasing switching losses that reach considerable values with the abundant number of switches and a switching frequency of the order of kHz The control loop is realized by means of a Digital Signal Processor in order to achieve synchronization with the power line and power flow control The overall system is characterized by a 6-pulse inverter the input voltage of which is not a pure DC but a waveform that occasionally reaches zero level with the help of a quasi-resonant circuit at the source side, and which can keep detect the power line current and infect a voltage which is in full quadrature (90 degree phase difference) with it This system is aimed to be a building block for FACTS devices such as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) The motivation of designing a more efficient and dynamic inverter with high power quality is to construct more efficient and effective FACTS devices.
Notes: Part a 670DK Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:21
S Mekhilef, M N A Kadir (2010)  Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation   IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25: 10. 2599-2606  
Abstract: This paper presents a three-stage 18-level inverter design with a novel control method. The inverter consists of a series-connected main high-voltage, medium-voltage, and low-voltage stages. The high-voltage stage is made of a three-phase, six-switch conventional inverter. The medium- and low-voltage stages are made of three-level inverters constructed by H-bridge units. The proposed control strategy assumes a reference-input voltage vector and aims to operate the inverter in one state per sampling time to produce the nearest vector to that reference. The control concept is based on representing the reference voltage in 60°-spaced two-axis coordinate system. In this system, the inverter vectors dimensions are integer multiples of the inverters dc voltage, and the expression of the inverters vectors in terms of its switching variables is straightforward. Consequently, the switching signals can be obtained by simple fixed-point calculations. The approach of the proposed control strategy has been presented, the transformed inverter vectors and their relation to the switching variables have been defined, and the implementation process has been described. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low-switching losses. © 2010 IEEE.
Notes: 669RQ Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:24
2009
R Saidur, N A Rahim, H H Masjuki, S Mekhilef, H W Ping, M F Jamaluddin (2009)  End-use energy analysis in the Malaysian industrial sector   Energy 34: 2. 153-158  
Abstract: The industrial sector is the second largest consumer of energy in Malaysia. In this energy audit, the most important parameters that have been collected are as follows: power rating and operation time of energy-consuming equipments/machineries; fossil fuel and other sources of energy use; production figure; peak and off-peak tariff usage behavior and power factor. These data were then analyzed to investigate the breakdown of end-use equipments/machineries energy use, the peak and off-peak usage behavior, power factor trend and specific energy use. The results of the energy audit showed that the highest electrical energy-using equipment was an electric motor followed by pumps and air compressors. The specific energy use has been estimated and compared with four Indonesian industries and it was found that three Malaysian industries were more efficient than the Indonesian counterpart. The study also found that about 64% electrical energy was used in peak hours by the industries and the average power factor ranged from 0.88 to 0.92. The study also estimated energy and bill savings using highly efficient electrical motors along with the payback period.
Notes: 424SR Times Cited:24 Cited References Count:20
M Husnawan, H H Masjuki, T M I Mahlia, S Mekhilef, M G Saifullah (2009)  Use of post flame metal-based and oxygenated additive combination for biodiesel-diesel blends   Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 68: 12. 1049-1052  
Abstract: This paper presents effects of using vegetable oil-based additive combined with metal-based additive on exhaust emissions of 4-stroke diesel engine fueled with biodiesel. Tests were conducted using biodiesel from palm blended with diesel, palm polyol and MgO as a post-flame additive. A test with 100% conventional diesel fuel was also conducted for comparison purposes. PaImbiodiesel blended fuel with and without additive generally produced less emission compared to ordinary diesel. Moreover, post flame additives was found successfully diminishing poisonous exhaust gases from diesel engine combustion, eliminating stringent environmental issues on atmospheric pollution.
Notes: 530PS Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:11
M E Ahmed, S Mekhilef (2009)  Design and implementation of a multi level three-phase inverter with less switches and low qutput voltage distortion   Journal of Power Electronics 9: 4. 593-603  
Abstract: This paper proposes and describes the design and operational principles of a three-phase three-level nine switch voltage source inverter. The proposed topology consists of three bi-directional switches inserted between the source and the full-bridge power switches of the classical three-phase inverter. As a result, a three-level output voltage waveform and a significant suppression of load harmonics contents are obtained at the inverter output. The harmonics content of the proposed multilevel inverter can be reduced by half compared with two-level inverters. A Fourier analysis of the output waveform is performed and the design is optimized to obtain the minimum total harmonic distortion. The full-bridge power switches of the classical three-phase inverter operate at the line frequency of 50Hz, while the auxiliary circuit switches operate at twice the line frequency. To validate the proposed topology, both simulation and analysis have been performed. In addition, a prototype has been designed, implemented and tested. Selected simulation and experimental results have been provided.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 5 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmed, M. E.; Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Aswan, Egypt; email: mahrous@svu.edu.eg References: Muhammad, H.R., (1993) Power Electronics, pp. 320-323. , 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall; Hashad, M., Iwaszkiewicz, J., A Novel Orthogonal-Vectors-Based Topology of Multilevel Inverters (2002) IEEE Trans, on Ind. Electronics, 49 (4), pp. 868-874; Cengelci, U.E., Sulistijo, O., Woo, P., Teodorescu, E.R., Blaabjerg, F., A new medium-voltage PWM inverter topology for adjustable-speed drives (1999) IEEE Trans. Ind. Application, 35, pp. 628-637. , May/June; Henning, P.H., Fuchs, H.D., Le Roux, A.D., Du Mouton, H., Development of a 1.5 MW, Seven Level Series-stacked Converter as an APF and Regeneration Converter for a DC Traction Substation (2005) In Proc. of 36th IEEE Specialists Conference on Power Electronics, pp. 2270-2276; Somasekhar, V.T., Gopakumar, K., Three-level inverter configuration cascading two two-level inverters (2003) IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications, 150 (3), pp. 245-254; Kanchan, R.S., Tekwani, P.N., Baiju, M.R., Gopakumar, K., Pittet, A., Three-level inverter configuration with common-mode voltage elimination for induction motor drive (2005) IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications, 152 (2), pp. 261-270. , DOI 10.1049/ip-epa:20055034; Nabae, A., Takahashi, I., Akagi, H., A new neutral point clamped PWM inverter (1981) IEEE Trans. Ind. Application, 17 (5), pp. 518-523; Marchesoni, M., Tenca, P., Diode-clamped multilevel converters: A practicable way to balance DC-link voltages (2002) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electronics, 49 (5), pp. 752-765; Yuan, X., Barbi, I., Zero-voltage switching for the neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter (2002) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electronics, 49 (5), pp. 800-808; Lai, J.S., Peng, F.Z., Multilevel converters - A new breed of power converters (1996) IEEE Trans. Ind. Application, 32 (3), pp. 509-517; Rodriguez, J., Lai, J., Zheng Peng, F., Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications (2002) IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electronics, 49 (4), pp. 724-738; Meynard, T.A., Foch, H., Multilevel choppers for high voltage applications (1992) European Power Electron. Drives J, 2, pp. 41-51; Peng, F.Z., Lai, J.S., (1997) Multilevel cascade voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources, , U.S. Patent 5 642 275, June 24; Hammond, P., A new approach to enhance power quality for medium voltage ac drives (1997) IEEE Trans. Ind. Application, 33, pp. 202-208. , Jan./Feb; Celanovic, N., Boroyevich, D., A comprehensive study of neutral-point voltage balancing problem in three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverters (2003) IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 15 (2), pp. 242-249; Kolar, J.W., Drofenik, U., Zach, F.C., VIENNA Rectifier II-A Novel Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Three-Phase PWM Rectifier System (1999) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 46 (4), pp. 674-691; Khair Allah, M., Mansouri, O., Charles, S., Cherifi, A., New Topology of Three-phase Three voltage levels inverter using a novel precalculated switching method (2008) In Proc. of 34th Annual Conference of IEEE 2008, pp. 850-854; Agelidis, V.G., Baker, D.M., Lawrance, W.B., Nayar, C.V., A Multilevel PWM Inverter Topology for Photovoltaic Applications (1997) IEEE Catalogue Number: 97TH8280, ISIE’97-Guimarks, pp. 589-594; Park, S., Kang, F., Hyung Lee, M., Kim, C., A new single-phase five-level PWM inverter employing a deadbeat control scheme (2003) IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 18 (3), pp. 831-843; Axelrod, B., Berkovich, Y., Ioinovici, A., A Cascade Boost-Switched-Capacitor-Converter-Two Level Inverter with an Optimized Multilevel Output Waveform (2005) IEEE Trans, on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers, 52 (12), pp. 2763-2770; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth Modulation for Electronic Power Conversion (1994) In Proc. of the IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214; Kaku, B., Miyashita, I., Sone, S., Switching loss minimised space vector PWM method for IGBT three-level inverter (1997) In Proc. of IEEE Electric Power Applications, 144 (3), pp. 182-190; Kukrer, O., Deadbeat Control of a Three-Phase Inverter with an Output LC Filter (1996) IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics, 11 (1), pp. 16-23; Mahrous, E.A., Rahim, N.A., Hew, W.P., Three-Phase Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter with Low Switching Frequency Based on the Two-Level Inverter Topology (2007) In Proc. of IET Electric Power Applications, 1 (4), pp. 637-641; Ekanayake, J.B., Jenkins, N., A three-level Advanced Static Var Compensator (1996) IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 11 (1), pp. 540-545
R Saidur, N A Rahim, H W Ping, M I Jahirul, S Mekhilef, H H Masjuki (2009)  Energy and emission analysis for industrial motors in Malaysia   Energy Policy 37: 9. 3650-3658  
Abstract: The industrial sector is the largest user of energy in Malaysia. Industrial motors account for a major segment of total industrial energy use. Since motors are the principle energy users, different energy savings strategies have been applied to reduce their energy consumption and associated emissions released into the atmosphere. These strategies include using highly efficient motors, variable speed drive (VSD), and capacitor banks to improve the power factor. It has been estimated that there can be a total energy savings of 1765, 2703 and 3605 MWh by utilizing energy-efficient motors for 50%, 75% and 100% loads, respectively. It was also found that for different motor loads, an estimated US$115,936 US$173,019 and US$230,693 can be saved in anticipated energy costs. Similarly, it is hypothesized that a significant amount of energy can be saved using VSD and capacitor banks to reduce speed and improve the power factor, thus cutting energy costs. Moreover, a substantial reduction in the amount of emissions can be effected together with the associated energy savings for different energy savings strategies. In addition, the payback period for different energy savings strategies has been found to be reasonable in some cases.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 26 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: ENPYA Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Saidur, R.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saidur@um.edu.my References: Abbott III, L., (2006) Power quality and cost analysis of industrial electrical distribution systems with adjustable speed drives, , MS Thesis, California State University, USA; Akbaba, M., Energy conservation by using energy efficient electric motors (1999) Applied Energy, 64, pp. 149-158; Al-Ghandoor, A., Al-Hinti, I., Jaber, J.O., Sawalha, S.A., Electricity consumption and associated GHG emissions of the Jordanian industrial sector: empirical analysis and future projection (2008) Energy Policy, 36, pp. 258-267; Al-Mansour, F., Merse, S., Tomsic, M., Comparison of energy efficiency strategies in the industrial sector of Slovenia (2003) Energy, 28, pp. 421-440; (2002) Measure Analysis and Life Cycle Cost, , Part II, California Energy commission. Anon; (2004) Variable Speed Driven Pumps, Best Practice Guide, , www.gambica.org.uk, Automation instrumentation & control laboratory technology, downloaded on 31/12/08. Anon; (2008) Ways to Save on Motor Energy Costs, 2008, pp. 28-11. , http://www.aps.com/main/services/business/WaysToSave/BusWaystoSave_16, Downloaded on //. Anon; (2003) ASEA-Pacific Economic Cooperation-Energy Standards Information System A Survey of Efficiency Levels Specified for Three-Phase Cage Induction Motors, , APEC-ESIS; Bayindir, R., Sagiroglu, S., Colak, I., An intelligent power factor corrector for power system using artificial neural networks (2009) Electric Power Systems Research, pp. 52-160; Beggs, C., (2002) Energy Management and Conservation, , Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam; Bouzidi, F., (2007) Energy savings on single-phase induction motors under light load conditions, , MS Thesis, University of Nevada Las Vegas, USA; Chan, D.Y.L., Yang, K.H., Hsu, C.H., Chien, M.H., Hong Gui, B., Current situation of energy conservation in high energy-consuming industries in Taiwan (2007) Energy Policy, 35, pp. 202-209; Christoffersen, L.B., Larsen, A., Togeby, M., Empirical analysis of energy management in Danish industry (2006) Journal of Cleaner Production, 14 (5), pp. 516-526; Colak, I., Bayindir, R., Sefa, I., Experimental study on reactive power compensation using a fuzzy logic controlled synchronous motor (2004) Energy Conversion and Management, 45 (15-16), pp. 2371-2391; EC, 2007. Statistics of electricity supply in Malaysia, Energy Commission MalaysiaFromme, J.W., Energy conservation in the Russian manufacturing industry (1996) Energy Policy, 24, pp. 245-252; Ghaddar, N., Mezher, T., Modeling of current and future energy intensity and greenhouse gas emissions of the Lebanese industrial sector: assessment of mitigation options (1999) Applied Energy, 63, pp. 53-74; Garcia, A.G.P., Szklo, A.S., Schaeffer, R., McNeil, M.A., Energy-efficiency standards for electric motors in Brazilian industry (2007) Energy Policy, 35, pp. 3424-3439; Gilbert, A.M., John, G.D., (2002) Energy Management for Motor-Driven Systems, , Washington State University Cooperative Extension Energy Program Olympia. Washington State University; Gilbert, A.M., John, G.D., (2000) Energy Management for Motor Driven Systems, , Washington State University; Ibrik, I.H., Mahmoud, M.M., Energy efficiency improvement procedures and audit results of electrical, thermal and solar applications in Palestine (2005) Energy Policy, 33, pp. 651-658; IPCC, A., (1996) Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analysis. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (IPCC), , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; Jayamaha, L., (2006) Energy Efficient Building Systems, , McGraw-Hill, New York; Kaya, D., Alptekin Yagmur, E., Suleyman Yigit, K., Kilic, F.C., Salih Eren, A., Celik, C., Energy efficiency in Pumps (2008) Energy Conversion and Management, 49, pp. 1662-1673; Kwiatkowski, E., 2009. The Economics of Improving Power Factor, Staco Energy products Co, Available from: stacoenergy.com/.../The Economics of Improving Power Factor for PR.pdf, Access date 23/1/2009Mahlia, Emissions from electricity generation in Malaysia (2002) Renewable Energy, 27, pp. 293-300; Mecrow, B.C., Jack, A.G., Efficiency trends in electric machines and drives (2008) Energy Policy, 36, pp. 4336-4341; Mohsen, M.S., Akash, B.A., Energy analysis of the steel making industry (1998) International Journal of Energy Research, 22, pp. 1049-1054; (2008) Report to the LDC Tomorrow, , http://www.nakahoma.com/Res%20App%20Power%20Co.pdf, Power Factor Correction at the Residential Level-Pilot Project, Downloaded 18/01/09; Nadel, S., Elliott, R.N., Shepard, M., Greenberg, S., Katz, G., de Almeida, A.T., (2002) Energy-Efficient Motor Systems: A Handbook on Technology, Program, and Policy Opportunities. second ed., , American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington, DC; Onut, S., Soner, S., Analysis of energy use and efficiency in Turkish manufacturing sector SMEs (2007) Energy Conversion and Management, 48, pp. 384-394; Ozturk, H.K., Energy usage and cost in the textile industry: a case study for Turkey (2005) Energy, 30, pp. 2424-2446; Priambodo, A., Kumar, S., Energy use and carbon dioxide emission of Indonesian small and medium scale industries (2001) Energy Conversion and Management, 42, pp. 1335-1348; Saidur, R., Rahim, N.A., Masjuki, H.H., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Jamaluddin, M.F., End-use energy analysis in the Malaysian industrial sector (2009) Energy, 34 (2), pp. 153-158; Subrahmanya, M.H.B., Labour productivity, energy intensity and economic performance in small enterprises: a study of brick enterprises cluster in India (2006) Energy Conversion and Management, 47 (6), pp. 763-777; Teitel, M., Zhao, A.L.Y., Barak, M., Eli, B.-lev., Shmuel, D., Energy saving in agricultural buildings through fan motor control by variable frequency drives (2008) Energy and Buildings, 40, pp. 953-960; Tolvanen, J., Saving energy with variable speed drives (2008) World Pumps, pp. 32-33; Tolvanen, J., LCC approach for big motor-driven systems savings (2008) World Pumps, November, pp. 24-27; Thollander, P., Karlsson, M., Soderstrom, M., Creutz, D., Reducing industrial energy costs through energy-efficiency measures in a liberalized European electricity market: case study of a Swedish iron foundry (2005) Applied Energy, 81, pp. 115-126; Yang, M., Demand side management in Nepal (2006) Energy, 31, pp. 2677-2698
L Laouar, H Hamadache, S Saad, A Bouchelaghem, S Mekhilef (2009)  Mechanical surface treatment of steel-Optimization parameters of regime   Proceedings of the Jmsm 2008 Conference 2: 3. 1213-1221  
Abstract: Mechanical treatment process by superficial plastic deformation is employed for finished mechanical part surface. It introduces structural modifications that offer to basic material new properties witch give a high quality of physical and geometrical on superficial layers. This study focuses on the application of burnishing treatment (ball burnishing) on XC48 steel and parameters optimisation of treatment regime. Three important parameters were considered: burnishing force " P y", burnishing feed "f" and ball radius "r". An empirical model has been developed to illustrate the relationship between these parameters and superficial layer characteristics defined by surface roughness " R a" and superficial hardness " H v". A program was developed in order to determine the optimum treatment regimes for each characteristic.
Notes: Conference code: 79553 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Laouar, L.; Laboratoire de Mécanique Industrielle, Université BADJI-Mokhtar, BP 12, 23000, ANNABA, Algeria; email: lakla_55@yahoo.fr References: M. Cartier, H.E.F. Groupe, Guide d’emploi des traitements de surfaces appliqués aux problémes de frottement, Techniques & Documentation, Paris 2000Hassan, A.M., Suleiman, A.D., (1999) J. Mater. Process. Technol., 96, pp. 73-80; Chneider, Y.G., (1998) Technologie de traitement de finition par pression, , Editeur polytechnique Saint Petersbourg; Loh, N.H., Miyazawa, S.C., Surface hardening by ball burnishing (1990) Proc. Eng., 23, pp. 413-417; Hassan, A.M., Al-Jalil, H.F., Ebied, A.A., (1998) J. Mater. Process. Technol., pp. 176-179; Hamadache, H., Chaoui, K., Aspect of superficial layer of Rb40 steel under ball and roller burnishing effect (2004) Second Symposium on Heat Treatment of Metals and Alloys, Cairo; Papchev, D.D., (1978) Procédé de brunissage et son influence sur les propriétés mécaniques, , Moscow; Loh, N.H., Sctam, Midazawa, M.S., Surface Hardening by ball burnishing (1990) Précision Eng., 23. , N ring operator 6;
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2009)  Harmonic reduction in three-phase parallel connected inverter   World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 38: 1035-1040  
Abstract: This paper presents the design and analysis of a parallel connected inverter configuration of. The configuration consists of parallel connected three-phase dc/ac inverter. Series resistors added to the inverter output to maintain same current in each inverter of the two parallel inverters, and to reduce the circulating current in the parallel inverters to the minimum. High frequency third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) employed to reduce the total harmonic distortion and to make maximum use of the voltage source. DSP was used to generate the THIPWM and the control algorithm for the converter. Selected experimental results have been shown to validate the proposed system.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M. A. A.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Pitel, I.J., Talukdar, S.N., Wood, P., Characterization of Programmed-Waveform Pulse-Width Modulation (1980) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, IA-16, pp. 707-715. , Sept./Oct; Magueed, F.A., Svensson, J., Control of VSC connected to the grid through LCL filter to achieve balanced currents (2005) Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2, pp. 572-578; Mohan, N., A Novel Approach to Minimize Line-Current Harmonics in Interfacing Power Electronics Equipment with 3-Phase Utility Systems (1993) IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 8, pp. 1395-1401. , July; Naik, N., Mohan, N., Rogers, M., Bulawka, A novel grid interface, optimized for utility-scale applications of photovoltaic, wind-electric, and fuel-cell systems (1995) IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 10, pp. 1920-1926. , Oct; Lohner, A., Meyer, T., Nagel, A., A new panel-integratable inverter concept for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. ISIE ’96 (1996) Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2, pp. 827-831. , Warsaw, Poland, 17-20 June; Hatziadoniu, C.J., Chalkiadakis, F.E., Feiste, V.K., A power conditioner for a grid-connected photovoltaic generator based on the 3-level inverter (1999) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 14 (4), pp. 1605-1610. , IEEE, Dec; Blaabjerg, F., Chen, Z., Kjaer, S.B., Power Electronics as Efficient Interface in Dispersed Power Generation Systems (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19 (5); SIMULINK helpUR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78651571801&partnerID=40&md5=20723df590d4170ce453881332b29082
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2009)  Distributed generation system using parallel inverters supplied by unstable DC source   Journal of Applied Sciences 9: 11. 2045-2055  
Abstract: This study presents the analysis and design of distributed generation system. The system consists of a full-bridge DC-DC converter, two units of three-phase inverters connected in parallel and a controller. Two units of conventional three-phase DC-AC inverters connected in parallel with series resistors were added to the inverter output to maintain the same current in each inverter and to minimize the circulating current in the parallel inverters. High frequency third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) was employed to reduce the total harmonic distortion and to make maximum use of the DC bus voltage. The generation of control algorithm for three-phase inverter is implemented in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) boards. The THIPWM have been done such that the inverter output voltage is synchronized with the grid voltage thus making the inverter suitable for grid connection. The three-phase inverter operates with a total harmonic distortion of less than 2% on output voltage and current signals. Experimental results are shown validate the proposed system. A full distributed generation system has been implemented and tested, the testing of the system proves that the system operates with minimum circulating current on the parallel connected inverter and minimum harmonic distortion on the inverter output voltage and current.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M. A. A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Industry Selangor, Bestari Jaya Campus, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia References: Cai, H., Zhao, R., Yang, H., Study on ideal operation status of parallel inverters (2008) IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 23, pp. 2964-2969; Cho, J.G., Sabate, J.A., Hua, G., Lee, F.C., Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter for high-power applications (1996) IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 11, pp. 622-628; Daly, P.A., Morrison, J., Understanding the potential benefits of distributed generation on power delivery systems (2001) Proceedings of Rural Electric Power Conference, pp. A211-A213. , Apr. 29-1 May, IEEE Computer Society, USA; Grijalva, S., Visnesky, A.M., Assessment of distributed generation programs based on transmission security benefits (2005) IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meet, 2, pp. 1441-1446; Hammons, T.J., International practices in distributed generation developments worldwide (2007) Proceedings of 42nd International Conference On Universities Power Engineering, pp. 885-894. , Sept. 4-6, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC. USA; Kwak, M.S., Sul, S.K., Control of an open winding machine in a grid-connected distributed generation system (2006) Proceedings of 41st IAS Annual Meeting IEEE Industry Applications Conference, pp. 2576-2580. , Oct. 8-12, IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC. USA; Kwasinski, A., Krein, P.T., Chapman, P.L., Time domain comparison of pulse-width modulation schemes (2003) IEEE Power Electron. Lett, 1, pp. 64-68; Lee, C.S., Kim, S., Kim, C.B., Hong, S.C., Yoo, J.S., A novel instantaneous current sharing control for parallel connected UPS (1998) Proceedings of 12th Telecommunication Energy Conference, pp. 513-519. , Oct. 4-8, San Francisco, CA, USA; Ma, X., Wang, W., Kang, Y., Chen, J., Series of two transistors forward ZVZCS converter with phase-shifted control for high input voltage (2005) Proceedings of 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 761-766. , Nov. 2-6, IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC. USA; Marei, M.I., El-Saadany, E.F., Salama, M.M.A., A novel control algorithm for the DG interface to mitigate power quality problems (2004) IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 19, pp. 1384-1392; Marwali, M.N., Keyhani, A., Control of distributed generation systems-Part I: Voltages and currents control (2004) IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 19, pp. 1541-1550; Naik, R., Mohan, N., Rogers, M., Bulawka, A., A novel grid interface, optimized for utility-scale applications of photovoltaic, wind-electric and fuel-cell systems (1995) IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 10, pp. 1920-1926; Igim, K.A., Hegazy, Y.G., Intentional islanding of distributed generation for reliability enhancement (2003) IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meet, 4, pp. 2446-2451; Nigim, K.A., Lee, W.J., Micro grid integration opportunities and power challenges (2007) Proceedings of The IEEE Engineering Society General Meeting, pp. 1-6. , Jun. 24-28, IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC. USA; Ogasawara, S., Takagaki, J., Akagi, H., Nabae, A., A novel control scheme for current-controlled PWM inverters (1992) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appli, 28, pp. 1023-1030; Puttgen, H.B., Macgregor, P.R., Lambert, F.C., Distributed generation: Semantic hype of the dawn of a new era? (2003) IEEE Power Energy Maga, 1, pp. 22-29; Rashid, M.H., (2004) Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications, , 3rd Edn., Prentice Hall, New York; (2004) TMS320x280x Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator (ePWM) Module Reference Guide, , http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ug/spru791e/spru791e.pdf, Texas Instruments, Literature No. SPRU791; Vázquez, N., Rodriguez, H., Hernandez, C., Rodriguez, E., Arau, J., Three-phase rectifier with active current injection and high efficiency (2008) IEEE Trans. Indust. Electron, 56, pp. 110-119; Wang, F., Rosado, S., Thacker, T., Boroyevich, D., Power electronics building blocks for utility power system applications (2004) Proceedings of 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, pp. 354-359. , Aug. 14-16, IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC. USA; Zhang, B., Huang, A.Q., Chen, B., A novel IGBT gate driver to eliminate the dead-time effect (2005) Proceedings of 14th IAS Annual Meeting, Conference Record of The 2005 Industry Applications Conference, pp. 913-917. , Oct. 2-6, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC. USA
T S Ustun, S Mekhilef (2009)  A quasi-resonant soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter with closed loop current control for the realization of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)   Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3: 3. 1814-1826  
Abstract: This paper discusses a 48-pulse H-bridge PWM inverter which utilizes a quasi-resonant topology that is comprised of a clamping circuit and a resonant circuit, in order to achieve soft switching. The use of a multi-pulse inverter increases the quality of the output whereas the implementation of soft switching technique increases the overall efficiency of the inverter by decreasing switching losses that reach considerable values with the abundant number of switches and a switching frequency of the order of KHz. Furthermore, in order to be able to respond load variations a feedback loop is constructed with a PI controller to realize closed loop current control. This system is aimed to be a building block for FACTS devices such as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). The motivation of designing a more efficient and dynamic inverter with high power quality is to construct more efficient and effective FACTS devices.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ustun, T. S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: tahaselim@yahoo.com References: Asare, P., Diez, T., Galli, A., O’Neill-Carillo, E., Robertson, J., Zhao, R., (1994) An Overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, , ECE Technical Reports PURDUE University; Chien-Ming, W., A Novel Soft-Switching Single-Phase AC-DC-AC Converter Using New ZVS-PWM Strategy (2007) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 22 (5); Divan, D.M., The resonant dc link converter-A new concept in static power conversion (1989) IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., 25 (2), pp. 317-325; Divan, D.M., Static Power Conversion Method and Apparatus Having Essentially Zero Switching Losses and Clamped Voltage Levels (1989) U.S. Pat., 4, pp. 864+483; El-Moursi, M.S., Sharaf, A.M., Novel Controllers for the 48-Pulse VSC STATCOM and SSSC for Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Compensation (2005) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20 (4), pp. 1985-199; Erinmez, I.A., Foss, A.M., (1998) Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), , Cigre, Working Group 14; Gyugi, L., Schauder, C.D., Sen, K.K., Static Synchronous Series Compensator: A Solid-State Approach to the Series Compensation of Transmission Lines (1997) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 12 (1), pp. 406-417; Habur, K., Leary, D.O., (2005) FACTS for Cost Effective and Reliable Transmission of Electrical Energy, , Reactive Power Compensation, Power Transmission and Distribution Group of Siemens; Haro, P.Z., Ramirez, J.M., (2005) Static Synchronous Series Compensator Operation Based on 48-pulse VSC, pp. 103-104. , IEEE press; Hingorani, N., Gyugyi, L., (1999) Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, pp. 19-22. , IEEE Press; Hui, S.Y.R., Analysis of a Quasi-Resonant Circuit for Soft-Switched Inverters (1996) IEEE Transactions of Power Electronics, 11 (1), pp. 106-114; Kazmierkowski, M.P., Malesani, L., Current Control Techniques for Three-Phase Voltage-Source PWM Converters: A Survey (1998) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 45 (5), pp. 691-703; Mao, H., Lee, F.C., Zhou, X., Dorojevic, B., Improved Zero-Current Transition Inverter for High Power Applications (1996) IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting, pp. 1145-115; Panda, S., Padhy, N.P., A PSO-based SSSC Controller for Improvement of Transient Stability Performance (2007) International Journal of Intelligent Technology, 2 (1), pp. 28-35; Peng, F.Z., Su, G.J., Tolbert, L.M., (2002) A Passive Soft-Switching Snubber for PWM Inverters, , PESC2002; Smith Jr., K.M., Smedley, K.M., A Comparison Of Voltage-Mode Soft-Switching Methods for PWM Converters (1997) IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 12 (2), pp. 376-86
T S Ustun, S Mekhilef (2009)  Power line compensation study of a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) based on soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter   Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3: 2. 1301-1314  
Abstract: This paper discusses a Static Synchronous Series Compensator which is constructed with a 48-pulse inverter. Extensive simulation studies are carried out to verify the proper operation of the mentioned Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) device. In MATLAB simulation environment the designed device is connected to a power system that is comprised of three phase power source, transmission line, line inductance and load. The system parameters such as line voltage, line current, reactive power Q and real power P transmissions are observed both when the Static Synchronous Series Compensator is connected to and disconnected from the power system. The compensation achieved by the SSSC and its effects on the line voltage, line current, phase angle and real/reactive power flow are examined in detail. The motivation of modeling a Static Synchronous Series Compensator from a multi-pulse inverter is to enhance the voltage waveform of the device and this is observed in total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis performed in the end. The results of the study shows that the voltage injection is successfully achieved by the new device and the power flow and phase angle can be controlled. Also the THD analysis assures that this is accomplished without comprising from the quality of the line voltage and current.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 3 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ustun, T. S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: tahaselim@yahoo.com References: Asare, P., Diez, T., Galli, A., O’neill-Carillo, E., Robertson, J., Zhao, R., (1994) An Overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, , ECE Technical Reports PURDUE University; El-Moursi, M.S., Sharaf, A.M., Novel Controllers for the 48-Pulse VSC STATCOM and SSSC for Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Compensation (2005) IEEE Transactions On Power Systems, 20 (4); Geethalaksmi, B., Hajmunnisa, T., Dananjayan, P., Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of SSSC based on 48-pulse Inverter (2007) Proceedings of IPEC, p. 2007; Galiana, F.D., Almeida, K., Toussaint, M., Griffin, J., Atanackovic, D., Ooi, B.T., McGillis, D.T., Assessment and Control Of The Impact Of Facts Devices On Power System Performance (1996) IEEE Transactions On Power Systems, 11 (4); Hui, S.Y.R., Analysis of a Quasi-Resonant Circuit for Soft-Switched Inverters (1996) IEEE Transactions of Power Electronics, 11 (1), pp. 106-114; Hingorani, N., Gyugyi, L., (1999) Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, pp. 1-2. , IEEE Press; Habur, K., Leary, D.O., FACTS for Cost Effective and Reliable Transmission of Electrical Energy (2005) Reactive Power Compensation, Power Transmission and Distribution Group of Siemens; Han, B., Moon, S., Karady, G., Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Multi-bridge PWM Inverter for SSSC (2000) Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2000, IEEE, 3, pp. 1618-1623; Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems (2000) IEEE Standards, p. 929. , IEEE; Kisck, D.O., Navrapescu, V., Kisck, M., Single-Phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner with Optimum Voltage Angle Injection for Minimum VA requirement (2007) Power Electronics Specialists Conference PESC; Lin, Z., Zexiang, C., Yixin, N., Zhou, L., Deqiang, G., A Novel Controller Design for STATCOM Based On The Concept Of Area Center Of Inertia (2008) Third International Conference On Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, pp. 1281-1286; Mahdad, B., Barek, T., Srairi, K., Strategy of Location and Control of FACTS Devices for Enhancing Power Quality (2006) Proceedings of IEEE Melecon 2006, , Spain; Molinas, M., Kondoh, J., Suul, J.A., Undeland, T., Reactive Support For Wind And Wave Farms With A Statcom For Integration Into The Power System (2006) Proceedings of Renewable Energy Conference 2006, , Japan; Mohan, N., Undeland, T., Robbins, W., (1995) Power Electronics, Converter, Applications, and Design, , John Wiley and Sons; Paserba, J., How FACTS Controllers Benefit AC Transmission Systems (2003) Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, , PES; Padiyar, K.R., Prabhu, N., Analysis of SubSynchronous Resonance with Three Level Twelve-Pulse VSC based SSSC (2003) Proceedings of TENCON 2003; Singer, A., Hoffman, W., Combined System of the Static Synchronous Series Compensator and Passive Filter Applied to Wind Energy Conversion System (2007) Proceedings of PEDS 2007, , Thailand; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., A Quasi-Resonant Soft Switching 48-pulse PWM inverter with closed loop current control for the realization of FACTS devices (2008) Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference AUPEC, , 08, Australia; Wildi, T., (1991) Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems, pp. 596-598. , Second Edition, Prentice Hall; Ye, Y., Kazerani, M., Quintena, V., SSSC: Current-Source Converter Based Modeling and Control (2001) Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2, pp. 949-954. , 2001. IEEEm; Ying, X., Song, Y.H., Chen-Ching, L., Sun, Y., Available Transfer Capability Enhancement Using FACTS Devices (2003) IEEE Transactions On Power Systems, 18 (1); Zhao, Y., Xiao, X., Jia, X., Nonlinear PID Controller of H-Bridge Cascade SSSC Top Level Control (2008) Third International Conference On Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies
2008
T Messikh, S Mekhilef, NA Rahim (2008)  Adaptive Notch Filter for Harmonic Current Mitigation   International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 1: 4.  
Abstract: This paper presents an effective technique for harmonic current mitigation using an adaptive notch filter (ANF) to estimate current harmonics. The proposed filter consists of multiple units of ANF connected in parallel structure; each unit is governed by two ordinary differential equations. The frequency estimation is carried out based on the output of these units. The simulation and experimental results show the ability of the proposed tracking scheme to accurately estimate harmonics. The proposed filter was implemented digitally in TMS320F2808 and used in the control of hybrid active power filter (HAPF). The theoretical expectations are verified and demonstrated experimentally.
Notes:
M Saad, H L Cheng, A Halim, D Abu Bakar (2008)  Investigation of transient performance of Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT)   The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia 71: 2. 44-50  
Abstract: This paper reports the digital-time domain studies on a typical 132kV Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT) model. The transient studies are conducted using Alternative Transient Program (ATP-EMTP). Simulation results corresponding to the CVT transient response under both system fault and ferroresonance condition are reported in this paper. Transient studies are performed (1) to identify the CVT components that contribute to the transient response of CVT, (2) to determine system condition that affect the CVT transient response. A lightning simulation case study is also presented to demonstrate the ferroresonance oscillation sustained inside a CVT due to lightning strike as affected by the factors of lightning current amplitude and distance between CVT and lightning arrester.
Notes:
2007
S Mekhilef, A M Omar, N A Rahim (2007)  Modeling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter   Ieee Transactions on Industrial Electronics 54: 1. 427-432  
Abstract: A mathematical approach of modeling and analyzing three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is presented. The three-phase flyback converter required a unique pattern of PWM to optimize the power transfer in the magnetic circuit used in the converter. The three-phase PWM is generated digitally based on uniform symmetrical sampling technique using Xilinx chip. The generated PWM pattern is able to reduce the magnitude of the low order of harmonic components present in the input ac supply. Although software simulation could simulate the PWM pattern, it does not represent the exact pattern as being generated digitally. The mathematical approach used is to model the PWM pattern exactly as being created digitally. The proposed mathematical technique could also be used to analyze any digital PWM. The result of the mathematical analysis on the PWM pattern could be used to study the characteristics of the pattern such as maximum and minimum value of duty cycle, pulsewidth, turn-on time, turn-off time, and modulation index. To verify the validity of the proposed technique, the results obtained from the mathematical model, experimental, and simulation using PSpice were compared.
Notes: 138AF Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:12
2006
N A Rahim, S Mekhilef, E L Chan, H W Ping (2006)  Fuzzy-controlled battery charger state-of-charge controller   International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 26: 2. 106-110  
Abstract: This paper presents a fuzzy-controlled state-of-charge controller for battery charger application. The proposed battery charger is constructed based on a boost-buck converter and equipped with a fuzzy logic controller to improve the efficiency of charging process and to deliver maximum output power to the battery. A digital signal processor (DSP)-based system is designed to implement the pulse width modulation (PWM) waveforms generator and to perform fuzzy control feedback algorithm. The PWM generator supplies gating signals for the converters, and the fuzzy controller provides control over the PWM pattern. The fuzzy controller continuously monitors the state-of-charge of the battery, after which the fuzzy inference determines the duty cycle of the PWM to change the charging current accordingly.
Notes: Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: IMSIE Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Rahim, N.A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: nasrudin@um.edu.my References: Hung, S.T., Hopkins, D.C., Mashing, C.R., Extension of battery life via charge equalization control (1993) IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 40 (1), pp. 96-104; Nelson, J.P., Bolin, W.D., Basics and advances in battery systems (1995) IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 31 (2), pp. 419-428. , MarchApril; Bandara, D.C., Ivanov, R., Gishin, S., Intelligence fuzzy control for lead-acid battery charger (1999) IEEE Int. Conf. Systems, Man and Cybernatics, 6, pp. 185-189; Masserant, B.J., Stuart, T.A., A maximum power transfer battery charger for electric vehicles (1997) IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 33 (3), pp. 930-938; Qin, V.U., Du, S.S., A practical and low cost PWM battery charger using fuzzy logic control for UPS application (1994) Telecommunications Energy Conf., INTELEC, pp. 443-450. , Vancouver, BC, Canada; Liping, G., Hung, J.Y., Nelms, R.M., PID controller modifications to improve steady-state performance of digital controllers for buck and boost converters (2002) 17th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition, pp. 381-388. , Dallas, Texas; Panagopoulos, H., Astrom, K.J., Hagglund, T., Design of PID controllers based on constrained optimization (2002) IEE Proc. Control Theory and Applications, 149 (1), pp. 32-40; Hsieh, G.-C., Chen, L.-R., Huang, K.-S., Fuzzy-controlled Liion battery charge system with active state-of-charge controller (2001) IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 48, pp. 585-593; (1996) Enhanced Control of An Alternating Current Motor Using Fuzzy Logic and A TMS320 Digital Signal Processor, , Dallas, Texas
2005
SM Said, F R M Adikan, S Mekhilef, N A Rahim (2005)  Implementation of the problem-based learning approach in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya   European journal of engineering education 30: 1. 129-136  
Abstract: This paper presents the application of the problem-based learning (PBL) method as an innovative approach to teaching engineering. This paper supports the idea that the PBL method is aptly suited to teaching the engineering disciplines, as its methodology nurtures critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are central to a graduate’s career in engineering. It elaborates on the implementation of the PBL approach within the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya. Pertaining issues include the integration of the PBL method into the overall teaching methodology implemented by the department, the role of PBL facilitators and the characteristics of the PBL problems posed in the courses offered. Suggestions for future work, including the necessity for sufficient resources and collaboration with industry and academics from other disciplines, are proposed.
Notes:
2004
A M Omar, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2004)  Three-phase synchronous PWM for flyback converter with power-factor correction using FPGA ASIC design   Ieee Transactions on Industrial Electronics 51: 1. 96-106  
Abstract: The design and development of a synchronous pulsewidth modulation (PWM) generator suitable for the three-phase flyback converter with transformer isolated and power-factor correction using a field-programmable gate array is proposed. The proposed three-phase synchronous PWM makes it possible for the converter to obtain the sinusoidal supply currents with a near-unity power factor. A high-frequency transformer is considered in the design to provide galvanic isolation and serves the dual role of inductor and transformer. Results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design.
Notes: 771WB Times Cited:14 Cited References Count:9
S Mekhilef, N A Rahim (2004)  Generation of three-phase PWM inverter using xilinx FPGA and its application for utility connected PV system   International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B : Applications 17: 3. 271-276  
Abstract: Analysis and practical implementation of the regular symmetric sampled three-phase PWM inverter waveform has been presented in this paper. It is digitally implemented on a Xilinx field programmable gate array FPGA. and the essential considerations involved in the feasibility of using a Xilinx XC4008E software-based to generate PWM has been discussed. All the necessary Xilinx hardware/software techniques and programs required to implement and generate three-phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) are developed in detail, and demonstrated using practical results from an experimental Xilinx board. The techniques developed and presented in this paper are readily applicable to other currently available Xilinx chips. Simulation and experimental results of grid-connected inverter are presented. From the simulation and experimental results it is confirmed that the harmonic distortion of the output current waveform of the inverter fed to the grid is within the stipulated limits laid down by the utility companies.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Power Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Rahim, N.A., Green, T.C., Williams, B.W., PWM ASIC design for the three-phase bidirectional buck converter (1996) International Journal of Electronics, 81 (5), pp. 603-615; Holtz, J., Pulse width modulation for power electronic power conversion (1994) Proceedings of the IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , August; Makhlief, S., Rahim, N.A., Omar, A.M., Microprocessor implementation of three phase PWM switching strategies (1999) IEEE 1999 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, PEDS’99, 2, pp. 161-166. , Hong Kong, July; Bowes, S.R., Clark, P.R., Novel microprocessor of new regular-sampled harmonic-elimination PWM techniques for drives and static - Power converters (1990) Intelligent Motion, June 1990 Proceeding, pp. 175-180. , June; Biswas, S.K., Basak, B., Swamy, M.M., A three-phase half controlled rectifier with pulse width modulation (1991) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 38 (2), pp. 122-125. , April; Mechi, A., Funabiki, S., Step-up voltage PWM AC to DC converter with one switching device (1993) IEE Proceedings B, 140 (1), pp. 35-40. , January; Mirkazemi-Moud, M., Williams, B.W., Green, T.C., Use of asie technology in the dessign of two novel PWM generators (1991) Fourth International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drive 1991, pp. 347-352; Grant, R., Seidner, D.A., Ratio changing in pulse-width-modulated inverter (1981) IEE Proceeding, 128 PART B (5), pp. 243-248. , September; Bowes, S.R., Midoun, A., Suboptimal swithing strategies for microprocessor controlled PWM inverter drives (1985) IEE Proceddings, 132 (3 PART B), pp. 133-148. , May; Yu, Z., Mohammed, A., Panaphi, I., A review of three PWM techniques (1997) Proceedings of the American Control Conference, pp. 257-264. , Albuquerque, New Mexico, June
2003
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2003)  Harmonic reduction in a three-phase rectifier with sinusoidal input current   International Journal of Power and Energy Systems 23: 3. 181-188  
Abstract: This article proposes a new approach to reduce harmonics generated by a three-phase diode rectifier. The proposed approach uses the input filters, six controllable switches, high-frequency isolation transformer, and the three-phase diode rectifier. The switching of the controllable switches is modulated by a novel pulse-width modulation (PWM) implemented in an XC4006 field programmable gate array (FPGA). This approach realizes sinusoidal input current waveforms with low electromagnetic interference and arbitrary output voltage. The output voltage can be controlled by variation of the modulation index in the range (0 ≀ M ≀ 0.98). The experimental results to compare performance between with and without the proposed approach are carried out to confirm its feasibility.
Notes: Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: IJSYD Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M.A.A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43009 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; email: mahmood@uniten.edu.my References: Rahim, N.A., Green, T.C., Williams, B.W., PWM ASIC design for the three phase bi-directional buck converter (1996) International Journal of Electronics, 81 (5), pp. 603-615; Kiim, S., Enjeti, P.N., Packebush, P., Pitel, I.J., A new approach to improve power factor and reduce harmonics in a three-phase diode rectifier type utility interface (1994) IEEE Trans. on Industry Application, 30 (6), pp. 1557-1564; Duffey, C.K., Stratford, R.P., Update the harmonic standard IEEE 519 IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in power systems (1989) IEEE Trans. on Industry Application, 25 (6), pp. 1025-1034; Ametani, A., Tominaga, K., Fourier analysis of current harmonic on AC system generated from AC-DC conversion system (1971) Science & Engineering Review of Doshisha University, 12, pp. 1-24; Key, T.S., Lai, J.-S., IEEE and international harmonic standards impact on power electronics equipment design (1997) 23rd Int. Conf. on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 2, pp. 430-436; Gretsch, R., Harmonic distortion of the mains voltage by switched-mode power supplies-assessment of the future development and possible mitigation measures (1989) Proc. EPE Aachen, 1, pp. 1255-1260; Jiang, Q., Holmes, D.G., Giesner, D.B., A method of linearising optimal PWM switching strategies to enable their computation on-line in real-time (1991) IEEE Proc. Industry Application Society, 1, pp. 819-825. , Dearborn, MI, October; Green, T.C., Mirkazemi-Moud, M.J.K., Goodfellow, Williams, B.W., Programmable gate-arrays and semi-custom designs for sinusoidal and current-regulated PWM, ASIC technology for power electronics equipment (1992) IEE Colloquium, pp. 4/1-4/4. , London, UK; Rashid, M.H., (1993) Power Electronics Circuit, Devices, and Application, 2nd Ed., , (New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall)

Conference papers

2012
R D Al-Dabbagh, Mohd S Baba, S Mekhilef, A Kinsheel (2012)  The compact genetic algorithm for likelihood estimator of first order moving average model   In: 2012 2nd International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications, DICTAP 2012 474-481  
Abstract: Recently Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have frequently been used for optimizing the solution of estimation problems. One of the main advantages of using these techniques is that they require no knowledge or gradient information about the response surface. The poor behavior of genetic algorithms in some problems, sometimes attributed to design operators, has led to the development of other types of algorithms. One such class of these algorithms is compact Genetic Algorithm (cGA), it dramatically reduces the number of bits reqyuired to store the poulation and has a faster convergence speed. In this paper compact Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the maximum likelihood estimator of the first order moving avergae model MA(1). Simulation results based on MSE were compared with those obtained from the moments method and showed that the Canonical GA and compact GA can give good estimator of Ξ for the MA(1) model. Another comparison has been conducted to show that the cGA method has less number of function evaluations, minimum searched space percentage, faster convergence speed and has a higher optimal precision than that of the Canonical GA.
Notes: Conference code: 91071 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6215410 doi: 10.1109/DICTAP.2012.6215410 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Al-Dabbagh, R.D.; Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: rawaa_aldabbagh@siswa.um.edu.my References: Goldberg David, E., (1993) Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, , Reprinted with corrections from Goldberg (1989) Addison Wesley Longman Inc; Larranaga, P., Lozano, J.A., (2002) Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation, 2. , Springer Netherlands; Pelikan, M., Goldberg, D.E., Lobo, F.G., A survey of optimization by building and using probabilistic models (2002) Computational Optimization and Applications, 21 (1), pp. 5-20. , DOI 10.1023/A:1013500812258; Rastegar, R., Hariri, A., A step forward in studying the compact genetic algorithm (2006) Evolutionary Computation, 14 (3), pp. 277-289. , http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/evco.2006.14.3.277, DOI 10.1162/evco.2006.14.3.277; Baluja, S., Population-based incremental learning. A method for integrating genetic search based function optimization and competitive learning (1994) DTIC Document; Baluja, S., Caruana, R., Removing the genetics from the standard genetic algorithm (1995) The International Conference on Machine Learning 1995, pp. 38-46; Harik, G.R., The compact genetic algorithm (1999) Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on, 3, pp. 287-297; Wei, W.W.S., (1990) Time Series Analysis, , Addison-Wesley Redwood City, California; Hussain, B., Al-Dabbagh, R., A canonical genetic algorithm for likelihood estimator of first order moving average model parameter (2007) Neural Network World, 17, p. 271; Al-Sarray, B.A.H., Variants of Hybrid Genetic Algorithms for Optimizing Likelihood ARMA Model Function and Many of Problems (2011) Evolutionary Algorithms, pp. 219-246; Droste, S., A rigorous analysis of the compact genetic algorithm for linear functions (2006) Natural Computing, 5 (3), pp. 257-283. , DOI 10.1007/s11047-006-9001-0; Myung, I.J., Tutorial on maximum likelihood estimation (2003) Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 47, pp. 90-100; Box, G.E.P., Jenkins, G.M., (1994) Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, , Prentice Hall PTR; Chrysoula, D.F., Yule-Walker Estimation for the Moving-Average Model (2011) International Journal of Stochastic Analysis, 2011; Aporntewan, C., Chongstitvatana, P., A hardware implementation of the Compact Genetic Algorithm Evolutionary Computation, 2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on, 2001, 1, pp. 624-629; Spyros, M., (1997) Forecasting: Methods and Applications, , ed: New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc; Tsutsui, S., Probabilistic model-building genetic algorithms in permutation representation domain using edge histogram (2002) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VII, pp. 224-233
S Mekhilef, H I Khudhur, H Belkamel (2012)  DC link capacitor voltage balancing in three level neutral point clamped inverter   In: 2012 IEEE 13th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics, COMPEL 2012  
Abstract: Multilevel inverters are becoming increasingly popular for high and medium power applications. The diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) is an attractive high voltage multilevel inverter due to its robustness. The deviating voltage at the neutral point remains always a distracting feature in NPC inverter. For this reason DC link capacitors voltage balancing is crucial task in such configuration. The focus of this paper is a three-level three-phase neutral point clamped inverter. A modulation technique that balances the voltage in the DC link capacitors is presented. A Feedback voltage control method has been employed and a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is used as flexible technique to generate pulses that maintain a balanced DC link. The balancing is limited to an acceptable level without the use of the external active capacitor balancing circuit. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method both simulation and experimental results are provided.
Notes: Conference code: 92840 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6251754 doi: 10.1109/COMPEL.2012.6251754 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Chenchen, W., Yondong, L., A survey on topologies of multilevel converters and study of two novel topologies (2009) Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009. IPEMC ’09. IEEE 6th International, pp. 860-865; Rodriguez, J., Jih-Sheng, L., Fang Zheng, P., Multilevel inverters: A survey of topologies, controls, and applications (2002) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 49, pp. 724-738; Rodriguez, J., Bernet, S., Bin, W., Pontt, J.O., Kouro, S., Multilevel Voltage-Source-Converter Topologies for Industrial Medium-Voltage Drives (2007) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 54, pp. 2930-2945; Celanovic, N., Boroyevich, D., A fast space-vector modulation algorithm for multilevel threephase converters (2001) Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, 37, pp. 637-641; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage Control of Three-Stage Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Using Vector Transformation (2010) Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 25, pp. 2599-2606; Ogasawara, S., Akagi, K., A vector control system using a neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverter (1991) Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991., Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE, 1, pp. 422-427; Newton, C., Sumner, M., Neutral point control for multi-level inverters: Theory, design and operational limitations (1997) Industry Applications Conference, 1997. Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting, IAS ’97., Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE, 2, pp. 1336-1343; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of a MultiLevel Three-Phase Inverter with Less Switches and Low OutputVoltage Distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9, pp. 594-604. , July; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N.A., Modeling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWMfor power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics, 54, pp. 427-432. , February; Mekhilef, S., Saidur, R., Safari, A., A reviewon solar energy use in industries (2011) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, pp. 1777-1790. , Elsevier, May; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage Vector Control of a Hybrid Three-StageEighteen-Level Inverter by Vector Decomposition (2010) IET Transaction OnPower Electronics, 3, pp. 601-611. , July; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effects of a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)Based on Soft Switching 48-Pulse PWM Inverter on the Power Demand from theGrid (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10, pp. 85-90. , January; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Novel Vector Control Method for Three-StageHybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, pp. 1339-1349. , April; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulationand Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT with Direct ControlMethod Using Cuk Converter (2011) IEEE Transactions on IndustrialElectronics, 58, pp. 1154-1161. , April; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Designand Implementation of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with a soft-switching H-bridge Inverter with DSP-Based Synchronization Control (2010) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREEE), 5, pp. 1347-1353. , July-August; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Dual Vector ControlStrategy for a Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2010) Journal OfPower Electronics, 10 (2), pp. 155-164
2011
S Mekhilef, D Chandrasegaran (2011)  Assessment of off-shore wind farms in Malaysia   In: 2011 IEEE Region 10 Conference: Trends and Development in Converging Technology Towards 2020, TENCON 2011 1351-1355  
Abstract: A lot of attention is being paid to wind energy due to the focus on renewable energy. Malaysia is situated in the equatorial region and its climate is governed by the monsoons. Wind resource in Malaysia varies from one location to another. Wind speed is better offshore compared to onshore, so more contribution by offshore wind powers in terms of electricity generation. Wind energy potentiality and techno- economic feasibility of offshore wind farms in Malaysia is investigated in this paper. Research was conducted using HOMER software to assess the potential of wind energy along the South China Sea coastline. This study indicates the best sites to set up offshore wind farms in Malaysia while costs associated for wind energy generation are calculated. Two model of the wind turbines Vestas V-47 and V-80 are taken for economic feasibility analyses. Investment, operation and maintenance costs have been evaluated for offshore wind energy. Feed-in tariff policy effects energy price and wind farms profitability were analyzed.
Notes: Conference code: 88417 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6129028 CODEN: 85QXA doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2011.6129028 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Cellura, M., Cirrincione, G., Marvuglia, A., Miraoui, A., Wind speed spatial estimation for energy planning in Sicily: Introduction and statistical analysis (2008) Renewable Energy, 33, pp. 237-1250. , June; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of a Multi Level Three-Phase Inverter with Less Switches and Low Output Voltage Distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9, pp. 594-604. , July; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N.A., Modeling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54 (1), pp. 427-432. , DOI 10.1109/TIE.2006.885151; Mekhilef, S., Saidur, R., Safari, A., A review on solar energy use in industries (2011) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, 15, pp. 1777-1790. , May; Elhadidy, M.A., Shaahid, S.M., Parametric study of hybrid (wind+solar+diesel) power generating systems (2000) Renewable Energy, 21, pp. 129-139. , October; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage Vector Control of a Hybrid Three-Stage Eighteen-Level Inverter by Vector Decomposition (2010) IET Transaction on Power Electronics, 3, pp. 601-611. , July; Sulaiman, F., Renewable energy and its future in Malaysia: A country paper Proc. of Asia-Pacific Solar Experts Meeting, 1995; Baharuddin, A., Sopian, K., Yen, C.H., Mat, S., Zaharim, A., Key success factors in implementing renewable energy programme in Malaysia (2008) 4th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development (EEESD’08), 2008, 4, pp. 1141-1150. , WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, Algarve, Portugal, December; Chiang, E.P., Zainal, Z.A., Aswatha Narayana, P.A., Seetharamu, K.N., The potential of wave and offshore wind energy in around the coastline of Malaysia that face the South China Sea (2003) Proceedings of the International Symposillm on Renewable Energy: Environment Protection & Energy Soilltion for Sustainable Development, 2003, , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, September; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage Control of Three-Stage Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Using Vector Transformation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25, pp. 2599-2606. , May; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effects of a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Based on Soft Switching 48-Pulse PWM Inverter on the Power Demand from the Grid (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10, pp. 85-90. , January; Mohamed, A.R., Lee, K.T., Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy (2006) Energy Policy, 34, pp. 2388-2397. , Elsevier, October; Siegfriedsen, S., Bohmeke, G., Multibrid technology - A significant step to multi-megawatt wind turbines (1998) Wind Energy, 1, pp. 89-100; http://homerenergy.com/, Available online at Retrieved at 2010 February 10Weinzettel, J., Reenaas, M., Solli, C., Hertwich, E.G., Life cycle assessment of a floating offshore wind turbine (2009) Renewable Energy, 34, pp. 742-747. , March; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Novel Vector Control Method for Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, pp. 1339-1349. , April; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT with Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, pp. 1154-1161. , April; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with a soft- switching H-bridge Inverter with DSP-Based Synchronization Control (2010) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREEE), 5, pp. 1347-1353. , July- August; Changliang, X., Zhanfeng, S., Wind energy in China: Current scenario and future perspectives (2009) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, pp. 1966-1974. , October; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Dual Vector Control Strategy for a Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (2), pp. 155-164; Markard, J., Petersen, R., The offshore trend: Structural changes in the wind power sector (2009) Energy Policy, 37, pp. 3545-3556. , September Sponsors: IEEE Region 10; IEEE Indonesia Section; IEEE Region 10 Women In Engineering
K M Menshawi, M N Abdulkader, S Mekhilef (2011)  Voltage vector approximation control of multistage - Multilevel inverter using simplified logic implementation   In: 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS 2011 57-65  
Abstract: Three-stage redundancy-free multilevel inverter and its innovative control method have been presented. Logic comparators have been implemented in order to ease calculations and to ensure simplicity as well as to improve resultant voltage waveforms. The multistage inverter is formed by high, medium and low voltage stages, connected in series. Six-switch conventional inverter represents the main high-voltage stage. Cascaded H-bridge units are used to build the medium and low voltage stages of the inverter. The proposed control strategy is to keep the state of the high voltage stage if it can lead to the target voltage vector or medium and low approximations otherwise, are triggered. Hysteresis Comparators are used in high and medium voltage stages to hold switching states or to decide the next change. The low voltage stage works to reach the reference voltage vector by using integer rounding and comparators to achieve the best approximations. The designed control technique is verified by simulations as well as testing to prove its advantages over previous control methods.
Notes: Conference code: 88711 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6147224 CODEN: 85RTA doi: 10.1109/PEDS.2011.6147224 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Menshawi, K.M.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: menshawik@yahoo.com References: Baker, R.H., Bannister, L.H., (1975) Electric Power Converter, , U.S. Patent 3 867 643, Feb; Lai, J.S., Peng, F.Z., Multilevel converters-A new breed of power converters (1996) IEEE Trans. Ind Appl., 32 (3), pp. 509-517. , May/Jun; Rodriguez, J., Multilevel converters: An enabling technology for high-power applications (2009) Proceedings of the IEEE, 97 (2), pp. 1786-1817. , Nov; Rufer, A., Asymmetric multilevel converter for high resolution voltage phasor generation EPE ’99; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Direct torque control pennanent magnet synchronous motor drive with asymmetrical multilevel inverter supply (2007) ICPE ’07. 7th International Conference on Power Electronics, pp. 1196-1201. , Oct; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., Multi source DC-DC converter for the supply of hybrid multilevel converter (2006) IEEE 41st lAS Annual Meeting Industry Applications Conference, (2), pp. 982-87. , Tampa Florida October; Veenstra, M., Rufer, A., Control of a hybrid asymmetric multilevel inverter for competitive medium-voltage industrial drives’ (2003) IEEE 38th Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, , Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, October; Lai, Y., Shyu, F., Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter (2002) IEE Proceedings on Electric Power Applications, 149, pp. 449-58; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., New configurations for the threephase asymmetrical multilevel inverter. In: Proceedings of (2004) IEEE 39th lAS Annual Meeting, (2), pp. 828-835. , Seattle, 3-7 October; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., Resolution and efficiency improvements for three-phase cascade multilevel inverters’ (2004) 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference PESC04, pp. 4441-46. , Aachen, Gennany, June; AbdulKadir, M., Hussien, Z.F., Asymmetrical multilevel inverter: Maximum resolution for H-bridge topology’ (2005) The Sixth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems PEDS Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, pp. 1068-1071. , NovemberDecember; Liu, Y., Luo, F.L., Trinary hybrid 81-level multilevel inverter for motor drive with zero common-mode voltage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 55 (3), pp. 1014-1021; Rodriguez, J., A vector control technique for mediumvoltage multilevel inverters (2002) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49 (4), pp. 882-888; Fukuda, S., Control strategies of a hybrid multilevel converter for expanding adjustable output voltage range (2009) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 45 (2), pp. 827-35; Rech, C., Analysis and comparison of hybrid multilevel voltage source inverters’". In (2002) IEEE 33rd Annual Power Electronics SpeCialists Conference Pesc ’02., 2, pp. 491-496; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transfonnation (2010) PEMD 2010: 5th IET conference on Power ElectroniCS, Machines and Drives, , Brighton, UK, April; Abdul Kadir, M., Voltage vector control of a hybrid threestage 18-level inverter by vector decomposition (2010) IET Power Electronics, 3 (4), pp. 601-611. , July; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transfonnation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25 (10), pp. 2599-2606. , Oct; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Dual vector control strategy for a threestage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2010) Journal of Power ElectroniCS, 10 (2), pp. 155-164; Mekhilef, S., Kadir, M.N.A., Novel vector control method for three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial ElectroniCS, 58 (4), pp. 1339-1349. , April, abstract = Three-stage redundancy-free multilevel inverter and its innovative control method have been presented. Logic comparators have been implemented in order to ease calculations and to ensure simplicity as well as to improve resultant voltage waveforms. The multistage inverter is formed by high, medium and low voltage stages, connected in series. Six-switch conventional inverter represents the main high-voltage stage. Cascaded H-bridge units are used to build the medium and low voltage stages of the inverter. The proposed control strategy is to keep the state of the high voltage stage if it can lead to the target voltage vector or medium and low approximations otherwise, are triggered. Hysteresis Comparators are used in high and medium voltage stages to hold switching states or to decide the next change. The low voltage stage works to reach the reference voltage vector by using integer rounding and comparators to achieve the best approximations. The designed control technique is verified by simulations as well as testing to prove its advantages over previous control methods. © 2011 IEEE., keywords = Best approximations, Cascaded H-bridge, Control methods, Control strategies, Control techniques, Conventional inverters, High voltage, High-voltages, Hysteresis comparator, Logic comparator, Low approximation, Low voltages, Medium voltage, Multi stage inverter, Multilevel inverter, Reference voltages, Target voltage, Voltage vectors, Voltage waveforms, Bridge circuits, Comparators (optical), Power electronics, Electric inverters.,
S M A Iqbal, S Mekhilef, N Soin, R Omar (2011)  Buck and boost converter design optimization parameters in modern VLSI technology   In: 12th International Conference and Seminar on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM'2011 125-128  
Abstract: This paper presents the feasibility challenges of designing dc-dc buck and boost converter in nano-scale. With the gradual development of VLSI design platforms, new issues have been introduced and presented to the power electronics circuit experts and VLSI engineers. Today’s VLSI industry has reached the technology well within the nano-meter range. The consequence of implementing the basic power electronics converter topology such as buck and boost converter into this technology is discussed in this paper. It also covers the optimization issues between conduction modes, switching frequencies, efficiency and chip area. Fabrication issues are discussed, with the limitations of use of elements such as inductor, capacitors and resistors. Tradeoffs between chip area and performance are highlighted. Design challenge for optimum switching frequency, off the chip capacitor, and strategies to minimize switching and conduction losses are also discussed .
Notes: Conference code: 86549 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6006912 doi: 10.1109/EDM.2011.6006912 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Iqbal, S.M.A.; University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Musunuri, S., Chapman, P.L., Optimization issues for fully-integrated CMOS DC-DC converters (2002) Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society), 4, pp. 2405-2410; Fujita, S., Nano-electronics Challenge Chip Designers Meet Real Nano-electronics in 2010s?, , Toshiba Corporation, Corporate R&D Center, Kawasaki, Japan shinobu. fujita@toshiba. co. jp/; Alimadadi, M., Sheikhaei, S., Lemieux, G., Mirabbasi, S., Palmer, P., A 3 GHZ switching DC-DC converter using clock-tree charge-recycling in 90 nm CMOS with integrated output filter (2007) IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 532-533; Chakraborty, A., Emadi, A., Quantum sizing of power electronics: A trend towards miniaturization of power electronic systems and equipments (2005) Material Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 872. , Materials Research Society, pages: J18, 28. 1-J18. 28 6; Shi, C., Walker, B.C., Zeisel, E., Hu, B., McAllister, G.H., A highly integrated power management IC for advanced mobile applications (2007) IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 42 (8), pp. 1723-1731. , DOI 10.1109/JSSC.2007.900284; Munsuri, S., Chapman, P.L., Multi layer spiral inductor design for monolithic dc-dc converters (2003) Proc. Conf. Record IEEE Industrial Applications Society Annu. Conf., pp. 1270-1275; Hazucha, P., Schromm, G., Hahn, J., A 233-MHz 80%-87% Efficient Four Phase Dc-Dc converter utilizing Air-Core Inductors on package (2005) IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 40 (4). , April; Zou, J., Chen, J., Liu, C., Schutt-Aine, J.E., Plastic deformation magnetic assembly (PDMA) of out-of-plane microstructures: Technology and application (2001) Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 10 (2), pp. 302-309. , DOI 10.1109/84.925791, PII S105771570104255X; Abedinpour, S., Trivedi, M., Shenai, K., DC-DC power converter for monolithic implementation (2000) Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society), 4, pp. 2471-2475 Sponsors: IEEE Russia Siberia Section; IEEE Novosibirsk Joint ED/MTT/CPMT/COM/SSC Chapter; IEEE Novosibirsk State Technical University Student Branch; IEEE Electron Devices
M Hassani, S Mekhilef, A Patrick Hu, N R Watson (2011)  A novel MPPT algorithm for load protection based on output sensing control   In: 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS 2011 1120-1124  
Abstract: This paper presents a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for load protection based on output sensing control. All MPPTs are based on input sensing and there is a drawback in applications which load protection is essential. This drawback can be addressed by applying two more sensors at the output. However having two sensors at input side as well as two more at output will increase the size and cost of the controller. To address this drawback without the need to increase the number of sensors, a novel control system and tracking algorithm based on the output sensing control and P&O algorithm is proposed. The main difference of the proposed control system with existing systems is, moving the control sensors from input side to output side of controller and consequently, apart from providing MPPT algorithm, controller is also able to do load protection at the same time. To demonstrate how the system operates in normal MPPT mode as well as how it operates for the load protection, the system is tested with different resistive loads and the simulation results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.
Notes: Conference code: 88711 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6147400 CODEN: 85RTA doi: 10.1109/PEDS.2011.6147400 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Hassani, M.; University of MalayaMalaysia; email: me.hassani@gmail.com References: Chen, Y.K., Yang, C.H., Wu, Y.C., Robust fuzzy controlled photovoltaic power inverter with Taguchi method (2002) Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions On, 38, pp. 940-954; Liang, T.J., Kuo, Y.C., Chen, J.F., (2001) Single-Stage Photovoltaic Energy Conversion System, pp. 339-344; Wai, R.J., Wang, W.H., Lin, C.Y., High-performance stand-alone photovoltaic generation system (2008) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions On, 55, pp. 240-250; Liu, F., Duan, S., Liu, B., Kang, Y., A variable step size I NC MPPT method for PV systems (2008) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions On, 55, pp. 2622-2628; Esram, T., Chapman, P.L., Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques (2007) Energy Conversion, IEEE transactions On, 22, pp. 439-449; Khaehintung, N., Wiangtong, T., Sirisuk, P., (2006) FPGA Implementation of MPPT Using Variable Step-Size P&O Algorithm for PV Applications, pp. 212-215; Masoum, M.A.S., Dehbonei, H., Fuchs, E.F., Theoretical and experimental analyses of photovoltaic systems with voltage and currentbased maximum power-point tracking (2002) Energy Conversion, IEEE transactions On, 17, pp. 514-522; Koutroulis, E., Kalaitzakis, K., Voulgaris, N.C., Development of a microcontroller-based, photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system (2001) Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions On, 16, pp. 46-54; Xiao, W., Dunford, W.G., (2004) A Modified Adaptive Hill Climbing MPPT Method for Photovoltaic Power Systems, 3, pp. 1957-1963; Liu, F., Kang, Y., Zhang, Y., Duan, S., (2008) Comparison of P&O and Hill Climbing MPPT Methods for Grid-Connected PV Converter, pp. 804-807; Kuo, Y.C., Liang, T.J., Chen, J.F., Novel maximum-power-pointtracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system (2001) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions On, 48, pp. 594-601; Khaehintung, N., Pramotung, K., Tuvirat, B., Sirisuk, P., (2004) RISCmicro Controller Built-in Fuzzy Logic Controller of Maximum Power Point Tracking for Solar-Powered Light-Flasher Applications, 3, pp. 2673-2678; Veerachary, M., Senjyu, T., Uezato, K., Neural-network-based maximum-power-point tracking of coupled-inductor interleaved-boostconverter-supplied PV system using fuzzy controller (2003) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions On, 50, pp. 749-758; Hiyama, T., Kouzuma, S., Imakubo, T., I dentification of optimal operating point of PV modules using neural network for real time maximum power tracking control (1995) Energy Conversion, IEEE transactions On, 10, pp. 360-367; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using cuk converter (2011) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions On, pp. 1-1
M K Menshawi, M N A Kadir, S Mekhilef (2011)  Two-dimensional hysteresis comparators to control multistage inverters with maximum number of levels   In: 8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia: "Green World with Power Electronics", ICPE 2011-ECCE Asia 736-743  
Abstract: Specially designed two-dimensional hysteresis comparators have been proposed to replace the algebraic calculations to control multistage inverter designed with maximum number of levels. The inverter is operated to approximate the reference voltage vector exploiting the large number of multilevel inverter vectors. Three-stage inverter with singly-fed main stage is considered to apply the proposed design. The controller concept is to maintain the higher voltage stage state as long as this state can lead to the target vector. The high and medium voltage stages controllers are based on two-dimensional hysteresis comparators to hold the switching state or to perform the necessary change with minimum switching losses. The low voltage stage controller is designed to approximate the reference voltage to the nearest inverter vector using nearest integer rounding and adjustment comparators. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller outperforms the previous control methods in terms of simplicity, harmonics reductions and robustness.
Notes: Conference code: 86200 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5944651 doi: 10.1109/ICPE.2011.5944651 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Menshawi, M.K.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Rodriguez, J., Franquelo, L.G., Kouro, S., Leon, J.I., Portillo, R.C., Prats, M.A.M., Perez, M.A., Multilevel converters: An enabling technology for high-power applications (2009) Proceedings of the IEEE, 97 (11), pp. 1786-1817. , Nov; Rufer, A., Veenstra, M., Gopakumar, K., Asymmetric multilevel converter for high resolution voltage phasor generation EPE’99; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Direct torque control permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with asymmetrical multilevel inverter supply (2007) ICPE ’07. 7th International Conference on Power Electronics, pp. 1196-1201. , Oct; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., Multisource DC-DC converter for the supply of hybrid multilevel converter (2006) IEEE 41st IAS Annual Meeting Industry Applications Conference, (2), pp. 982-987. , Tampa Florida October; Veenstra, M., Rufer, A., Control of a hybrid asymmetric multi-level inverter for competitive medium-voltage industrial drives (2003) IEEE 38th Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, , Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, October; Lai, Y., Shyu, F., Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter (2002) IEE Proceedings on Electric Power Applications, 149, pp. 449-458; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., New configurations for the three-phase asymmetrical multilevel inverter (2004) Proceedings of IEEE 39th IAS Annual Meeting, (2), pp. 828-835. , Seattle, 3-7 October; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., Resolution and efficiency improvements for three-phase cascade multilevel inverters (2004) 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference PESC04, pp. 4441-4446. , Aachen, Germany June; AbdulKadir, M., Hussien, Z.F., Asymmetrical multilevel inverter: Maximum resolution for H-bridge topology (2005) The Sixth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems PEDS, pp. 1068-1071. , Kuala Lumpur Malaysia November-December; Liu, Y., Luo, F.L., Trinary hybrid 81-level multilevel inverter for motor drive with zero common-mode voltage (2008) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 55 (3), pp. 1014-1021; Rodríguez, J., Morán, L., Correa, P., Silva, C., A vector control technique for medium-voltage multilevel inverters (2002) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49 (4), pp. 882-888; Fukuda, S., Yoshida, T., Ueda, S., Control strategies of a hybrid multilevel converter for expanding adjustable output voltage range (2009) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 45 (2), pp. 827-835; Rech, C., Pinheiro, H., Grundling, A., Hey, H.L., Pinheiro, J.R., Analysis and comparison of hybrid multilevel voltage source inverters (2002) IEEE 33rd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference Pesc’02, 2, pp. 491-496; Abdul, M.N., Mekhilef, K.S., Nakaoka, M., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation (2010) PEMD 2010: 5Th IET Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, , Brighton, UK, April; Abdul Kadir, M., Mekhilef, S., Hew, W.P., Voltage vector control of a hybrid three-stage 18-level inverter by vector decomposition (2010) IET Power Electronics, 3 (4), pp. 601-611. , July; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25 (10), pp. 2599-2606. , Oct; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Hew, W.P., Dual vector control strategy for a three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (2), pp. 155-164; Mekhilef, S., Kadir, M.N.A., Novel vector control method for three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58 (4), pp. 1339-1349. , April Sponsors: The Korean Institute of Power Electronics (KIPE); IEEE Power Electronics Society (IEEE PELS); LSIS; HYUNDAI - Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.; Chang Sung Corporation
S M A Iqbal, S Mekhilef, N Soin, R Omar (2011)  Dc-Dc buck and boost converter design issues in recent VLSI platform   In: 2011 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics, RSM 2011 135-138  
Abstract: This paper presents the feasibility challenges of designing dc-dc buck and boost converter in nano-scale. With the gradual development of VLSI design platforms, new issues have been introduced and presented to the power electronics circuit experts and VLSI engineers. Today’s VLSI industry has reached the technology well within the nano-meter range. The consequence of implementing the basic power electronics converter topology such as buck and boost converter into this technology is discussed in this paper. It also covers the optimization issues between conduction modes, switching frequencies, efficiency and chip area. Fabrication issues are discussed, with the limitations of use of elements such as inductor, capacitors and resistors. Tradeoffs between chip area and performance are highlighted. Design challenge for optimum switching frequency, off the chip capacitor, and strategies to minimize switching and conduction losses are also discussed.
Notes: Conference code: 87842 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6088309 doi: 10.1109/RSM.2011.6088309 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Iqbal, S.M.A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya Kuala LumpurMalaysia; email: asif.iqbal@siswa.um.edu.my References: Musunuri, S., Chapman, P.L., Optimization issues for fully-integrated CMOS DC-DC converters (2002) Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society), 4, pp. 2405-2410; Fujita, S., Nano-electronics Challenge Chip Designers Meet Real Nano-electronics in 2010s?, , Toshiba Corporation, Corporate R&D Center, Kawasaki, Japan shinobu. fujita@toshiba. co. jp/; Alimadadi, M., Sheikhaei, S., Lemieux, G., Mirabbasi, S., Palmer, P., A 3 GHZ switching DC-DC converter using clock-tree chargerecycling in 90 nm CMOS with integrated output filter (2007) IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 532-533; Chakraborty, A., Emadi, A., Quantum sizing of power electronics: A trend towards miniaturization of power electronic systems and equipments (2005) Material Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 872. , Materials Research Society, pages: J18. 28. 1-J18. 28. 6; Shi, C., Walker, B.C., Zeisel, E., Hu, B., McAllieter, G.H., A Highly Integrated Power Management IC for advanced Mobile Applications (2007) IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 42 (8), pp. 1723-1731. , August; Munsuri, S., Chapman, P.L., Multi layer spiral inductor design for monolithic dc-dc converters (2003) Proc. Conf. Record IEEE Industrial Applications Society Annu. Conf., pp. 1270-1275; Hazucha, P., Schromm, G., Hahn, J., A 233-MHz 80%-87% Efficient four phase Dc-Dc converter utilizing air-core inductors on package (2005) IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 40 (4). , April; Chen, Z.J., Liu, C., Schutt-Aine, J., Plastic deformation magnetic assembly (PDMA)of out of plane microstructures: Technology & applications J. Microelec. Mech. Systems, 10 (2), pp. 302-200; Abedinpour, S., Trivedi, M., Shenai, K., DC-DC power converter for monolithic implementation (2000) Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society), 4, pp. 2471-2475; Alarcon, E., Contributions on converter integrated components and detailed models (2010) CMOS Integrated Switching Power Converters: A Structured Design Approach, pp. 26-85. , By Gerard Villar Pique. NY: Springer Print; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N.A., Modelling of three-phase uniform symetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54 (1). , February Sponsors: Silterra Malaysia Sdn Bhd
S Mekhilef (2011)  Three phase hybrid multilevel inverter control using vector transformation   In: 2011 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, CCECE 2011 000341-000344  
Abstract: This paper presents a multilevel multistage inverter design and its corresponding control strategy. The hybrid inverter has a high voltage stage composed of the six-switch conventional three phase inverter with its output connected in series with the outputs of three-level H-bridge medium and low voltage stages. The voltage ratio has been selected to enable both one state approximation and PWM control modes effectively. The suggested control strategy has been developed to ensure minimum switching losses focusing on holding the higher voltage stage state as long as it is feasible. The reference voltage vector has been approximated to the nearest of the 919 vectors provided by the 18-level inverter. A special definition of state zone has been introduced for the low voltage stage to enable the achievement of the reference vector with minimum error. The proposed control strategy has been tested and its short computational time and low memory requirement has been proven.
Notes: Conference code: 86889 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6030469 CODEN: CCCEF doi: 10.1109/CCECE.2011.6030469 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; University of MalayaMalaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Von Jouanne, A., Dai, S., Zhang, H., A multilevel inverter approach providing DC-link balancing, ride-through enhancement, and common-mode voltage elimination (2002) IEEE Trans. on Indsut. Elect, 49 (4), pp. 739-745. , AUG; Song-Manguelle, J., Ruffer, A., Asymmetrical multilevel inverter for large induction machine drives (2001) EDPE’01 Electrical Drives and Power Electronics International Conference, pp. 101-107. , Slovakia 3-5 October; Ruffer, A., Veenstra, M., Gopakumar, K., Asymmetrical multilevel converter for high resolution voltage phasor generation EPE 99; Song-Manguelle, J., Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., A generalized design principle of a uniform step asymmetrical multilevel converter for high power conversion EPE-2001; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., Design and control of asymmetrical multilevel inverters (2002) IECON Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 840-45. , IEEE; Lai, Y.S., Shyu, F.S., Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter (2002) IEE Proc.-elect. Power Appl., 149 (6). , November; Liu, Y., Luo, F.L., Trinary hybrid 81-level multilevel inverter for motor drive with zero common-mode voltage (2008) Industrial Electronics, 55 (3), pp. 1014-21. , IEEE Transaction on March; Abdul Kadir, M., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with asymmetrical multilevel inverter supply (2007) ICPE07, pp. 1196-1201. , Korea, October; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., An overview of the technique of asymmetrical multilevel inverters (2005) ANAE: Associazione Nazionale Azionamenti Elettrici, 16o Seminario Interattivo, Azionamenti Elettrici: Evoluzione Tecnologica e Problematiche Emergenti, , Bressanone, Italy; McGrath, B.P., Holmes, D.G., Lipo, T., Optimized space vector switching sequence for multilevel inverters (2003) Power Electronics, 18 (6), pp. 293-301. , IEEE Transactions on Nov Sponsors: London Hydro; Agilent Technologies; Auto21; Gap Wireless; IEEE Canadian Foundation
D Tsukiyama, Y Fukuda, S Miyake, S Mekhilef, S K Kwon, M Nakaoka (2011)  A new 98% soft-switching full-bridge DC-DC converter based on secondary-side LC resonant principle for PV generation systems   In: 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS 2011 1112-1119  
Abstract: This paper is mainly concerned with the state-of-the-art feasible development of a novel prototype high-efficiency phase-shift soft-switching pulse modulated full-bridge DC-DC power converter with a high-frequency power transformer, which is designed for utility-grid tied photovoltaic (PV) power inverters. The proposed high-frequency transformer (HFTR) link DC-DC converter topology is based upon a new conceptual secondary-side series resonant principle and its inherent nature. All the active power switches in the HFTR primary-side can achieve lossless capacitive snubber-based ZVS with the aid of transformer parasitic inductances. In addition to this, passive power switches in its secondary-side can also perform ZVS and ZCS transitions for input voltage and load variations. In the first place, the operation principle of the newly-proposed DC-DC converter and some remarkable features are described in this paper on the basis of the simulation analysis. In the second place, the 5 kW experimental setup of the DC-DC converter treated here is demonstrated and its experimental results are illustrated from a practical point of view. Finally, some comparative evaluations between simulation and experimental data are actually discussed and considered in this paper, together with its future works.
Notes: Conference code: 88711 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6147399 CODEN: 85RTA doi: 10.1109/PEDS.2011.6147399 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Tsukiyama, D.; Dispersed Power System Division, Daihen Corporation, Osaka, Japan; email: d-tsukiyama@daihen.co.jp References: Fathy, K., Morimoto, K., Doi, T., Lee, H.W., Nakaoka, M., An asymmetrical switched capacitor and lossless inductor quasi-resonant snubber-assisted ZCS-PWM DC-DC converter with high frequency link (2006) The 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC 2006, 2, pp. 1-5. , Portoroz (Slovenia), Aug/Sep; Fathy, K., Morimoto, K., Ahmed, A.N., Lee, H.W., Nakaoka, M., A novel soft-switching PWM DC/DC converter with DC rail series switchparallel capacitor edge resonant snubber assisted by high-frequency transformer components (2006) The 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2006, pp. 242-246. , Dublin (Ireland), April; Hattori, N., Morotomi, N., Miyake, S., Nakaoka, M., Utility interactive 3-phase pulse modulated PV inverter embedding neutral point voltage shifting scheme into instantaneous current control implementation (2010) Power Conversion Intelligent Motion EUROPE (PCIM EUROPE 2010, , Nuremberg (Germany), May; Zhu, L., A novel soft-commutating isolated boost full-bridge ZVS-PWM dc-dc converter for bidirectional high power applications (2006) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21 (2), pp. 422-429. , Mar; Li, R., Pottharst, A., Frohleke, N., Bocker, J., Analysis and design of improved isolated full-bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter (2004) Proc. IEEE PESC Conf. Rec, pp. 521-526; Inoue, S., Akagi, H., A bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter as a core circuit of the next-generation medium-voltage power conversion system (2007) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 22 (2), pp. 535-542. , Mar; Xu, D., Zhao, C., Fan, H., A PWM plus phase-shift control bidirectional DC-DC converter (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19 (3), pp. 666-675. , May; Oggier, C.G., Ledhold, R., Garcia, G.O., Oliva, A.R., Balda, J.C., Barlow, F., Extending the ZVS operating range of dual active bridge highpower DC-DC converters (2006) Proc. IEEE PESC, 2006, pp. 1-7. , Jun; Krismer, F., Biela, J., Kolar, J.W., Acomparative evaluation of isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters with wide input and output voltage range (2005) Proc. IEEE IAS, 2005, pp. 599-606; Xiao, H., Xie, S., A ZVS bidirectional DC-DC converter with phaseshift plus PWM control scheme (2008) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 23 (2), pp. 813-823. , Mar; Bai, H., Mi, C., Eliminate reactive power and increase system efficiency of isolated bidirectional dual-active-bridge DC-DC converters using novel dual-phase-shift control (2008) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 23 (6), pp. 2905-2814. , Nov; Inoue, S., Akagi, H., A bidirectional DC-DC converter for an energy storage system with galvanic isolation (2007) IEEE Transactions on Power Electonics, 22 (6), pp. 2299-2306. , Nov; Li, X., Bhat, A.K.S., Analysis and design of high-frequency isolated dual-bridge series resonant DC-DC converter (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25 (4), pp. 850-862. , Nov; Bhat, A.K.S., A comparison of soft-switched DC-DC converters for fuel cell to utility interface application (2008) IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, 128 (4), pp. 450-458
O Palizban, S Mekhilef (2011)  Modeling and control of photovoltaic panels base perturbation and observation MPPT method   In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, ICCSCE 2011 393-398  
Abstract: Nowadays renewable energy is important and environmentally friendly, as it does not pollute and costs little. Solar energy is one of the main photovoltaic system types of energy. For those with no access to the main network due to geographical location, this kind of energy is beneficial and valuable in providing the needed electrical energy. This paper presents photovoltaic system modeling, temperature, its variation and irradiation, and how the system connects to the DC bus via a DC/DC converter. It has the ability to follow maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by a special control circuit, something useful in hybrid systems. Finally, an inverter is used to transfer power to the AC network and decrease the harmonic in the connection point.
Notes: Conference code: 89794 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6190558 doi: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2011.6190558 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Palizban, O.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: Omid.palizban@siswa.um.edu.my References: Wang, C., S, M., Nehrir, M.H., Power management of a stand-alonewind/photovoltaic/fuel cell energy system (2008) IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, 23, p. 3; Wang, C., Nehrir, M.H., Power management of a stand-alone wind/photovoltaic/fuel cell energy system (2008) Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, 23 (3), pp. 957-967; Benmessaoud, M., New approach modeling and a maximum power point tracker method for solar cells (2010) Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 60 (4), pp. 1124-1134; Wang, C., (2006) Modeling and Control of Hybrid Wind/photovoltaic/fuel Cell Disrerbuted Generation Systems; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and implementation of a multi level three-phase inverter with less switches and low output voltage distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9, pp. 594-604. , July; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N., Modeling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54, pp. 427-432. , February; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25, pp. 2599-2606. , May; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effects of a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) based on soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter on the power demand from the grid (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10, pp. 85-90. , January; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Novel vector control method for three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, pp. 1339-1349. , April; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using cuk converter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, pp. 1154-1161. , April; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Design and implementation of static synchronous series compensator with a soft- switching H-bridge inverter with DSP-based synchronization control (2010) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREEE), 5, pp. 1347-1353. , July- August
A Safari, S Mekhilef (2011)  Incremental conductance MPPT method for PV systems   In: 2011 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, CCECE 2011 000345-000347  
Abstract: This paper presents incremental conductance method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using DC-DC cuk converter. Comprehensive analysis and simulation of KC85T solar module and equivalent electric circuit are provided while effects of various environmental conditions on the PV module behavior is investigated. In order to fully understand the PV module working specifications fundamental characteristics of PV cells are discussed. Block diagram model of a PV module was developed in Simulink for plotting the curves. KC85T solar module is used in simulations and results indicate speed and accuracy of the proposed system.
Notes: Conference code: 86889 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6030470 CODEN: CCCEF doi: 10.1109/CCECE.2011.6030470 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Safari, A.; University of Malaya, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Faranda, R., Leva, S., Maugeri, V., MPPT techniques for PV systems: Energetic and cost comparison IEEE 2008; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using cuk converter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58 (4), pp. 1154-1161; Liu, F., Duan, S., Liu, F., Liu, B., Kang, Y., A variable step size inc MPPT method for PV systems (2008) IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 55 (7), pp. 2622-2628. , July; Pandey, A., High-performance algorithms for drift avoidance and fast tracking in solar MPPT system (2008) IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, 23 (2), pp. 681-689. , June; Yan, Z., Liu, F., Yin, J., Duan, S., (2008) Study on Realizing MPPT by Improved Incremental Conductance Method with Variable Step-size, pp. 547-550. , IEEE; Mutoh, N., Ohno, M., Inoue, T., A method for mppt control while searching for parameters corresponding to weather conditions for pv generation systems (2006) IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 53 (4), pp. 1055-1065. , Senior Member, IEEE Aug; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25 (10), pp. 2599-2606; González-Longatt, F.M., Model of photovoltaic module in MATLAB 2do Congreso Iberoamericano de Estudiantes de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Computación (ii Cibelec 2005), pp. 1-5; Chaudhari, V.A., (2005) Automatic Peak Power Tracker for Solar PV Modules Using DSpace Software, , Thesis, Energy centre Maulana Azad national institute of technology July; Mekhilef, S., Kadir, A.N.M., Novel vector control method for three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58 (4), pp. 1339-1349; Liu, B., Duan, S., Liu, F., Xu, P., Analysis and improvement of maximum power point tracking algorithm based on incremental conductance method for photovoltaic array PEDS IEEE 2007, pp. 637-641; Kuo, Y.-C., Liang, T.-J., Chen, J.-F., Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system (2001) IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 48 (3), pp. 594-601. , June; Hussein, K.H., Muta, I., Hoshino, T., Osakada, M., Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: An algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions (1995) IEE Proc.-gener, Transm. Distrib, 142 (1), pp. 59-64. , Jan; Roman, E., Alonso, R., Ibanez, P., Elorduizapatarietxe, S., Goitia, D., Intelligent PV module for grid-connected PV systems (2006) IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 53 (4), pp. 1066-1073. , August; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and implementation of a multilevel three-phase inverter with less switches and low output voltage distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9 (4), pp. 593-603. , Jul Sponsors: London Hydro; Agilent Technologies; Auto21; Gap Wireless; IEEE Canadian Foundation
A Safari, S Mekhilef (2011)  Implementation of incremental conductance method with direct control   In: 2011 IEEE Region 10 Conference: Trends and Development in Converging Technology Towards 2020, TENCON 2011 944-948  
Abstract: This paper presents incremental conductance (IncCond) MPPT using direct control method in which duty cycle is adjusted inside the algorithm thus need for use another control loop is eliminated while tracking is done perfectly. The steady state oscillations are reduced and dynamic performance is improved. Design and theoretical study and analysis of the proposed system are provided and its feasibility is investigated in Matlab/Simulink simulations. Eventually results are submitted to evaluate the closed loop system.
Notes: Conference code: 88417 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6129249 CODEN: 85QXA doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2011.6129249 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Safari, A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: azadehsafari2008@gmail.com References: Faranda, R., Leva, S., Maugeri, V., (2008) MPPT Techniques for PV Systems: Energetic and Cost Comparison, , Electrical Engineering Department of Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci. Milano, Italy. IEEE; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of a Multi Level Three-Phase Inverter with Less Switches and Low Output Voltage Distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9, pp. 594-604. , July; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N.A., Modeling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54, pp. 427-432. , February; Mekhilef, S., Saidur, R., Safari, A., A review on solar energy use in industries (2011) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, pp. 1777-1790. , Elsevier, May; Hussein, K.H., Muta, I., Hoshino, T., Osakada, M., Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: An algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions (1995) IEE Proc.- Gener, Transm. Distrib, 142 (1), pp. 59-64. , January; Esram, T., Chapman, P.L., Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques (2007) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 22 (2), pp. 439-449. , JUNE; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage Vector Control of a Hybrid Three-Stage Eighteen-Level Inverter by Vector Decomposition (2010) IET Transaction on Power Electronics, 3, pp. 601-611. , July; Zhou, Y., Liu, F., Yin, J., Duan, S., (2008) Study on Realizing MPPT by Improved Incremental Conductance Method with Variable Step-size, pp. 547-550. , IEEE; Liu, B., Duan, S., Liu, F., Xu, P., Analysis and improvement of maximum power point tracking algorithm based on incremental conductance method for photovoltaic array (2007) PEDS, pp. 637-641. , IEEE; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Voltage Control of Three-Stage Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Using Vector Transformation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 25, pp. 2599-2606. , May; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effects of a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Based on Soft Switching 48-Pulse PWM Inverter on the Power Demand from the Grid (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10, pp. 85-90. , January; Liu, F., Duan, S., Liu, F., Liu, B., Kang, Y., A Variable step size INC MPPT method for PV systems (2008) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 55 (7), pp. 2622-2628. , July; Kim, T.-Y., Ahn, H.-G., Park, S.-K., Lee, Y.-K., A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Power System under Rapidly Changing Solar Radiation, pp. 1011-1014. , Ssangyong heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Department of Electrical engineering, Changwon National Univ.Korea; Hua, C., Shen, C., (1998) Study of Maximum Power Tracking Techniques and Control of DC/DC Converters for Photovoltaic Power System, pp. 86-93. , IEEE; Lee, J.H., Bae, H., Cho, B.H., Advanced Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm with a Variable Step Size, , Seoul National University, School of Electrical Engineerimg and computer science, Seoul, Korea; Cheikh, M.S.A., Larbes, C., Kebir, G.F.T., Zerguerras, A., Maximum power point tracking using a fuzzy logic control scheme (2007) IEEE, Revue des Energies Renouvelables, 10 (3), pp. 387-395; Wu, W., Pongratananukul, N., Qiu, W., Rustom, K., Kasparis, T., Bataresh, I., (2003) DSP-based Multiple Peak Power Tracking for Expandable Power System, , Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, Spring; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Novel Vector Control Method for Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, pp. 1339-1349. , April; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT with Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter (2011) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58, pp. 1154-1161. , April; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of Static Synchronous Series Compensator with a softswitching H-bridge Inverter with DSP-Based Synchronization Control (2010) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREEE), 5, pp. 1347-1353. , July- August; Koutroulis, E., Kalaitzakis, K., Voulgaris, N.C., Development of a microcontroller-based, photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system (2001) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 16 (1). , member, IEEE, January; Darla, R.B., (2007) Development of Maximum Power Point Tracker for PV Panels Using SEPIC Converter, , Mr. India; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Dual Vector Control Strategy for a Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (2), pp. 155-164; Femia, N., Petrone, G., Spagnuolo, G., Vitelli, M., Optimization of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking method (2005) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20 (4), pp. 963-973. , DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2005.850975 Sponsors: IEEE Region 10; IEEE Indonesia Section; IEEE Region 10 Women In Engineering
O Palizban, S Mekhilef (2011)  Power optimization and static performance investigation of an island-mode doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)   In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, ICCSCE 2011 399-403  
Abstract: This paper presents a performance investigation of power optimization by using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). A detailed, dynamic model of a DFIG based on variable speed systems is presented in the dq-synchronous reference frame. Along with different controller types, a PI controller is chosen. Moreover, besides active and reactive power control, constraints and power optimization are discussed. Matlab software was used for simulation.
Notes: Conference code: 89794 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6190559 doi: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2011.6190559 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Palizban, O.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: Omid.palizban@siswa.um.edu.my References: Hee-Sang Ko, G.-G.Y., Hong, W., Active use of DFIG-based variable-speed wind-turbine for voltage control in power system operation (2008) Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 3, p. 2; Koa, H.-S., Yoonb, G.-G., Kyunga, N.-H., Hongc, W.-P., Modeling and control of DFIG-based variable-speed wind-turbineElectric (2008) Power Systems Research, 78, pp. 1841-1849; Ko, H.S., Yoon, G.G., Hong, W.P., Active use of DFIG-based variable-speed wind-turbine for voltage regulation at a remote location (2007) Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 22 (4), pp. 1916-1925; Ko, H.S., Modeling and control of DFIG-based variable-speed wind-turbine (2008) Electric Power Systems Research, 78 (11), pp. 1841-1849
O Palizban, M A Rezaei, S Mekhilef (2011)  Active and reactive power control for a hybrid system with photovoltaic panel, wind turbine, fuel cells, electrolyzer and super capacitor in off-grid mode   In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, ICCSCE 2011 404-408  
Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid system which consists of a photovoltaic panel, wind turbine, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), electrolyzer, super capacitor, power convertor and a three-phase variation load. The load supplied is based on the photovoltaic panel and wind turbine, while the fuel cells are back-up for compensating possible power load shortage. The surplus of power produced will be stored in a hydrogen tank by an electrolyzer system when the PV panel and wind turbine produce more power than required. The capacitor banks are used in parallel with other sources in order to reduce DC bus variation. Matlab software is chosen for the hybrid system simulation.
Notes: Conference code: 89794 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6190560 doi: 10.1109/ICCSCE.2011.6190560 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Palizban, O.; Dep. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: omid.palizban@siswa.um.edu.my References: Wang, C., Nehrir, M.H., Power management of a stand-alone wind/photovoltaic/fuel cell energy system (2008) Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, 23, pp. 957-967; Benmessaoud, M., New approach modeling and a maximum power point tracker method for solar cells (2010) Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 60, pp. 1124-1134; Pandiarajan, N., Muthu, R., (2011) Mathematical Modeling of Photovoltaic Module with Simulink, pp. 258-263; Spiegel, C., (2008) PEM Fuel Cell Modeling and Simulation Using Matlab, , Academic Press; Xiao, Y., Agbossou, K., (2009) Interface Design and Software Development for PEM Fuel Cell Modeling Based on Matlab/Simulink Environment; Adzakpa, K., PEM fuel cells modeling and analysis through current and voltage transient behaviors (2008) Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, 23, pp. 581-591; Ko, H.S., (2006) Supervisory Voltage Control Scheme for Grid-connected Wind Farms, , University of British Columbia; Uzunoglu, M., Modeling, control and simulation of a PV/FC/UC based hybrid power generation system for stand-alone applications (2009) Renewable Energy, 34, pp. 509-520
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2011)  Simulation of grid connected THIPWM-three-phase inverter using SIMULINK   In: 2011 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ISIEA 2011 133-137  
Abstract: This paper presents a grid connected system. Three phase DC-AC inverters used to convert the regulated DC power to AC power suitable for grid connection. Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) was employed to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) and for maximum use of the voltage source. the accurate generation of THIPWM minimize the THD and make the inverter suitable for grid connection, by synchronizing the inverter voltage with the grid voltage. The application of THIPWM to inverter increases efficiency of the inverter. Simulation results validate the developed model and the proposed system.
Notes: Conference code: 88008 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 6108683 doi: 10.1109/ISIEA.2011.6108683 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M.A.A.; Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering, UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia; email: amahmoud@uniten.edu.my References: Shicheng, Z., Peizhen, W., Lusheng, G., Study on Improving Output Current Waveform of Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System 1ST IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2006, pp. 1-5; The conclusion is indented and is preceded by VIII. It should be in the same style as the other sections (1993) IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, IEEE Std. 519-1992; Prodanovic, M., Green, T.C., Control and filter design of three-phase inverters for high power quality grid connection (2003) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 18 (1 PART 2), pp. 373-380. , Jan; Bollen, M.H., (2000) Understanding Power Quality Problems, , Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press; Qiao, C., Smedley, K.M., Three-phase grid-connected inverters interface for alternative energy sources with unified constant-frequency integration control (2001) Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, 4, pp. 2675-2682. , 30 Sept.-4 Oct. vol.4; Pitel, I.J., Talukdar, S.N., Wood, P., Characterization of Programmed-Waveform Pulse-Width Modulation (1980) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, IA-16, pp. 707-715. , Sept./Oct; Fainan, A., Magueed, Svensson, J., Control of VSC connected to the grid through LCL filter to achieve balanced currents IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting 2005, 2, pp. 572-578; Kwasinski, A., Krein, P.T., Chapman, P.L., Time domain comparison of pulse-width modulation schemes (2003) IEEE Power Electronics Letters, 1 (3), pp. 64-68. , Sept Sponsors: IEEE Malaysia; IEEE Malaysia Power Electron. (PEL); Ind. Electron.(IE)/ Ind. Appl. (IA) Jt. Chapter; IEEE Malaysia Computer Chapter
2010
M G M Abdolrasol, S Mekhilef (2010)  Robust hybrid anti-islanding method for inverter-based distributed generation   In: 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2010 13-18  
Abstract: This paper proposes a robust hybrid anti-islanding method for Inverter-based Distributed Generation (DG). This method is based on Active and passive detection techniques. Active anti islanding technique generates disturbances at the output of the distributed generation by Positive feedback and Continuous feedback signal injection which is based on DQ implementation. On the other hand passive anti islanding technique detects islanding by measuring voltage, frequency, active and reactive power and total harmonic distortion (THD). This technique uses resistive, capacitive and inductive connected in parallel RLC load and compares the performance of the technique with and without the controller. This method of control is shown to be robust, able to detect islanding under different types of loads, and fast in response. Possible islanding conditions are simulated and verified with full analysis.
Notes: Conference code: 83758 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5685901 CODEN: 85QXA doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2010.5685901 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdolrasol, M. G. M.; Electrical Eng. Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: maher_photo@yahoo.com References: Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effect of a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) based on soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter on the power demand from the grid (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (1), pp. 85-90. , 2010-05-17; Ackermann, T., Andersson, G., Soder, L., (2000) Electricity Market Regulations and Their Impact on Distributed Generatiron, , IEEE, 0-7803-5902-X/00; Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance mppt with direct control method using cuk converter IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronic, , DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2048834, in press; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage vector control of a hybrid three-stage eighteen-level inverter by vector decomposition (2010) IET Transaction on Power Electronics, 3 (4), pp. 601-611; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Dual vector control strategy for a three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (2), pp. 155-164; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and implementation of a multi level three-phase inverter with less switches and low output voltage distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9 (4), pp. 594-604; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N.A., Modeling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54 (1), pp. 427-432. , DOI 10.1109/TIE.2006.885151; Draft Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547-2003, IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, , IEEE P1547.2TM; Handran, D., Bass, R., Lambert, F., Kennedy, J., Simulation of distribution feeders and charger installation for the Georgia tech Olympic electric tram system (1996) Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, pp. 168-175. , August 11-14; Ropp, M.E., (1998) Design Issues for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems, , Ph.D. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Ropp, M.E., Begovic, M., Rohatgi, A., Kern, G.A., Bonn Sr., R.H., Gonzalez, S., Determining the relative effectiveness of islanding detection methods using phase criteria and nondetection zones (2000) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 15 (3), pp. 290-296. , DOI 10.1109/60.875495; Ropp, M.E., Begovic, M., Rohatgi, A., Analysis and performance assessment of the active frequency drift method of islanding prevention (1999) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 14 (3), pp. 810-816. , DOI 10.1109/60.790956; Kern, G.A., Sunsine300: Utility interactive AC module anti-islanding test results (1997) 26h IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf, pp. 1265-1268; Hung, G., Chang, C., Chen, C., Automatic phase-shift method for islanding detection of grid-connected photovoltaic inverter (2003) IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 18 (1), pp. 169-173. , Mar; Lee, H.-Y., Lee, J.-H., Han, B.M., Novel islanding detection method inverter-based distributed generation (2008) Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC’08), p. 3. , Paper P-148; Ye, Z., Li, L., Garces, L., Wang, C., Zhang, R., Walling, M.D.R., Miller, N., A new family of active anti-islanding schemes based on DQ implementation for grid-connected inverters (2004) 35th Annul IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Hernandez-Gonzalez, G., Iravani, R., Current injection for active islanding detection of electronically- interfaced distributed resources (2006) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21 (3), pp. 1698-1705. , DOI 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.876980; (2000) IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, , IEEE 929, New York, NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Sponsors: IEEE Fukuoka Section; IEEE Region 10
(2010)  Three phase grid connected anti-islanding controller based on distributed generation interconnection   In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, PECon2010 717-722  
Abstract: This paper proposes three phase grid connected anti-islanding controller based on distributed generation interconnection. This method is a combination of two detection methods namely active and passive. Firstly, Active islanding detection generates disturbances at the output of the distributed generation by use of Positive feedback and Continuous feedback signal injection which is based on DQ implementation. Secondly, passive islanding detection method is based on measuring the system parameters such as voltage, frequency, active and reactive power and total harmonic distortion (THD). This method use three phase RLC load and compares the performance of the technique with and without the anti islanding controller. Islanding conditions are simulated and verified with full analysis simulation and experimental result.
Notes: Conference code: 83860 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5697673 doi: 10.1109/PECON.2010.5697673 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdolrasol, M. G. M.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Safari, A., Mekhilef, S., Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental conductance MPPT with Direct control method using Cuk converter IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronic, , DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2048834 , in press; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage Vector Control of a Hybrid Three-Stage Eighteen-Level Inverter by Vector Decomposition (2010) IET Transaction on Power Electronics, 3 (4), pp. 601-611; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Dual Vector Control Strategy for a Three-Stage Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (2010) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (2), pp. 155-164; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and Implementation of a Multi Level Three-Phase Inverter with Less Switches and Low Output Voltage Distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9 (4), pp. 594-604; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N.A., Modelling of threephase uniform symetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54 (1), pp. 427-432. , February; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage Vector Control of a Hybrid Three-Stage Eighteen-Level Inverter by Vector Decomposition (2010) IET Power Electronics, 3 (4), pp. 601-611; Ustun, T.S., Mekhilef, S., Effect of a static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Based on soft switching 48-Pulse PWM inverter on the power Demand from the grid (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 10 (1), pp. 85-90. , 05-17; Lopes, L.-A.C., Zhang, Y., Islanding Detection Assessment of Multi-Inverter Systems with Active Frequency Drifting Methods (2008) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 23 (1), pp. 480-486. , January; (2000) IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, , IEEE 929-2000; (2003) IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems; Hernandez-Gonzalez, G., Iravani, R., Current injection for active islanding detection of electronically- Interfaced distributed resources (2006) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21 (3), pp. 1698-1705. , DOI 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.876980; Ye, Z., Evaluation of Anti-Islanding Schemes based on Non detection Zone Concept (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19 (5). , September; Jang, S.-I., Kim, K.-H., Development of a Logical Rule-Based Islanding Detection Method for Distributed Resources (2002) IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2, pp. 800-806. , January; Jang, S.-I., Kim, K.-H., An Islanding Detection Method for Distributed Generations using Voltage Unbalance and Total Harmonic Distortion of Current (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19 (2). , April; Ye, Z., Li, L., Garces, L., Wang, C., Zhang, R., Dame, M., Walling, R., Miller, N., A New Family of Active Anti-Islanding Schemes Based on DQ Implementation for Grid-Connected Inverters 35th Annul IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004; Chiang, W.-J., Jou, H.-L., Wu, J.-C., Feng, Y.-T., Novel Active Islanding Detection Method for Distributed Power Generation System (2006) International Conference on Power System Technology, pp. 1-7. , 22-26 October; Mahat, P., Chen, Z., Jensen, B.B., A Hybrid Islanding Detection Technique Using Average Rate of Voltage Change and Real Power Shift (2009) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 24 (2), pp. 764-771. , Apri; Chairman, T.N.T., Boroyevich, D., (2005) Control of Power Conversion Systems for the Intentional Islanding of Distributed Generation Units, , Blacksburg, Virginia September 26; Chen, T.H., Wang, M.S., Yang, N.C., Impact of Distributed Generation on Voltage Regulation by ULTC Transformer using Various Existing Methods Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Power Systems, Beijing, China, 2007, pp. 158-163; Chang, W.-Y., An active islanding detection method for small-scale distributed generators (2008) WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 7 (6), pp. 547-557. , June 2008; Abdolrasol, M.G.M., Mekhilef, S., Hybrid Anti-Islanding Algorithm for Utility Interconnection of Distributed Generation (2009) Technical Postgraduates (TECHPOS), 2009 International Conference, pp. 1-5 Sponsors: IEEE Malaysia Section; IEEE Malaysia Power and Energy Chapter; IEEE Malaysia PEL/IE/IA Joint Chapter
M N Abdul Kadir, S Mekhilef, M Nakaoka (2010)  Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation   In: 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, PEMD 2010  
Abstract: Three-stage eighteen-level hybrid inverter design with novel control method are presented. The inverter consists of main high-voltage, medium-voltage and low-voltage stages connected in series from the output side. The high voltage stage is a three-phase, six-switch conventional sub-inverter. The medium and low voltage stages are made of three-level sub-inverters constructed by H-bridge units. The proposed control strategy assumes a reference input voltage vector and aims to approximate it to the nearest inverter vector. The control concept is based on holding the high voltage state as long as it is feasible to do so. The reference voltage vector has been represented in a 60°-spaced two axis coordinate system to reduce the computational effort. The concept of the staged-control has been presented, the transformed inverter vectors and their relation to the switching variables have been defined, and the implementation process has been described. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low switching losses.
Notes: Conference code: 81534 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus doi: 10.1049/cp.2010.0080 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdul Kadir, M. N.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: makadr@yahoo.com References: Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage vector control of a hybrid three-stage eighteen-level inverter by vector decomposition (2009) IET Power Electronics Journal, , accepted for publication; Celanovic, N., Boroyevich, D., A fast space vector modulation algorithm for multilevel three-phase converters (2001) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 37 (2), pp. 637-641. , D; Jinghua, Z., Zhengxi, L., Research on hybrid modulation strategies based on general hybrid topology of multilevel inverter (2008) Inter. Symp. on Power Elec. Elect. Drives, Auto. and Motion SPEEDAM, pp. 784-788; Kanchan, R., Baiju, M., Mohapatra, K., Ouseph, P., Gopakumar, K., Space vector PWM signal generation for multilevel inverters using only the sampled amplitudes of reference phase voltages (2005) IEE Electric Power Appl., 152 (2), pp. 297-309; Lai, J., Peng, F., Multilevel converters-A new breed of power converters (1996) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 32 (3), pp. 509-517; Lai, Y., Shyu, F., Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter (2002) IEE Proc. Elec. Power Appls., 149, pp. 449-458; Leon, J.I., Vazquez, S., Kouro, S., Franquelo, L.G., Carrasco, J.M., Rodriguez, J., Unidimensional modulation technique for cascaded multilevel converters (2009) IEEE Trans. Indst. Elect., 56 (8), pp. 2981-2986; Liu, Y., Luo, F., Trinary hybrid 81-level multilevel inverter for motor drive with zero common-mode voltage (2008) IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., 55 (3), pp. 1014-1021; Manguelle, J., Mariéthoz, S., Veenstra, M., Rufer, A., A generalized design principle of a uniform step asymmetrical multilevel converter for high power conversion (2001) Proc. Euro. Power Elect. Appl. Con. (EPE), , cd-rom; Manjrekar, M., Steimer, P., Lipo, T., A hybrid multilevel power conversion system: A competitive solution for high-power applications (2000) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appli., 36 (3), pp. 834-841; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., Design and control of asymmetrical multi-level inverters (2002) Proc. IEEE IECON, 1, pp. 840-845; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., New configurations for the three-phase asymmetrical multilevel inverter (2004) Proc. IEEE 39th IAS, 2, pp. 828-835; Massoud, A., Finney, S., Williams, B., Mapped hybrid spaced vector modulation for multilevel cascaded-type voltage source inverters (2008) IET Power Elec., 1 (3), pp. 318-335; McGrath, B., Holmes, D., Lipo, T., Optimized space vector switching sequence for multilevel inverters (2003) IEEE Trans. Power Elect., 18 (6), pp. 1293-1301; Nabae, A., Takahashi, I., Akagi, I.H., A new neutral-point clamped PWM inverter (1981) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1981 (17), pp. 518-523; Rech, C., Pinheiro, J.R., Hybrid multilevel converters: Unified analysis and design considerations (2007) IEEE Trans. Indus. Electr., 54 (2), pp. 1092-1104; Rodriguez, J., Lai, J., Peng, F., Multilevel inverters: A survey of topologies, controls, and applications (2002) IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec., 49 (4), pp. 724-738; Tolbert, L.M., Habetler, T.G., Novel multilevel inverter carrier-based PWM method (1999) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 53 (5), pp. 1098-1107; Veenstra, M., Rufer, A., Control of a hybrid asymmetric multilevel inverter for competitive medium-voltage industrial drives (2005) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 41 (2), pp. 655-664; Xu, Y., Zou, Y., Liu, X., He, Y., A novel composite cascade multilevel converter (2007) Proc. 33rd IEEE IECON, pp. 1799-1804
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2010)  High efficiency THIPWM three-phase inverter for grid connected system   In: 2010 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ISIEA 2010 88-93  
Abstract: This paper presents a grid connected system. Three phase DC-AC inverters used to convert the regulated DC power to AC power suitable for grid connection. Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) was employed to reduce the total harmonic distortion and for maximum use of the voltage source. DSP was used to generate the accurate THIPWM for grid connection, by synchronizing the inverter voltage with the grid voltage. The application of THIPWM to parallel connected inverter reduces the total harmonic distortion and increases efficiency of the inverter. Experimental results validate the developed model and the proposed system.
Notes: Conference code: 83634 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5679489 doi: 10.1109/ISIEA.2010.5679489 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M. A. A.; Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering, UNITEN, Selangor, Malaysia; email: amahmoud@uniten.edu.my References: Dodge, J., Hess, J., IGBT Tutorial (2002) Advanced Power Technology Application Note APT0201, , P.E. Rev. B July 1; Qiao, C., Smedley, K.M., Three-phase grid-connected inverters interface for alternative energy sources with unified constant-frequency integration control (2001) Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, 4, pp. 2675-2682. , 30 Sept.-4 Oct. vol.4; Pitel, I.J., Talukdar, S.N., Wood, P., Characterization of Programmed-Waveform Pulse-Width Modulation (1980) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, IA-16, pp. 707-715. , Sept./Oct; Magueed, F.A., Svensson, J., Control of VSC connected to the grid through LCL filter to achieve balanced currents IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting 2005, 2, pp. 572-578; Carrasco, J.M., Bialasiewicz, J.T., Guisado, R.C.P., Leon, J.I., Moreno-Alfonso, N., Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey (2006) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 53 (4), pp. 1002-1016. , AUGUST; Mohan, N., A Novel Approach to Minimize Line- Current Harmonics in Interfacing Power Electronics Equipment with 3-Phase Utility Systems (1993) IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 8, pp. 1395-1401. , July; Naik, N., Mohan, N., Rogers, M., Bulawka, A novel grid interface, optimized for utility-scale applications of photovoltaic, wind-electric, and fuel-cell systems (1995) IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 10, pp. 1920-1926. , Oct; Lohner, A., Meyer, T., Nagel, A., A new panel-integratable inverter concept for grid-connected photovoltaic systems ISIE ’96. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Warsaw, Poland, 17-20 June 1996, 2, pp. 827-831; Hatziadoniu, C.J., Chalkiadakis, F.E., Feiste, V.K., A power conditioner for a grid-connected photovoltaic generator based on the 3-level inverter (1999) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 14, pp. 1605-1610. , IEEE, Dec; Cominos, P., Munro, N., PID controllers: Recent tuning methods and design to specification (2002) Control Theory and Applications, IEE Proceedings, 149 (1), pp. 46-53. , Jan; Simulink 6 Help, , The Mathworks, copyright 1990-2006, the mathworks, Inc. protected by U.S. patent; Zhang, B., Huang, A.Q., Chen, B., A novel IGBT gate driver to eliminate the dead-time effect (2005) Industry Applications Conference, 2005. Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005, 2, pp. 913-917. , 2-6 Oct; (2004) TMS320x280x Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator (EPWM) Module Reference Guide Literature Number: SPRU791, , November Sponsors: IEEE Malaysia Section; IEEE Malaysia Power Electron. (PEL)/; Ind. Electron.(IE)/ Ind. Appl. (IA) Jt. Chapter
R A Ahmed, S Mekhilef, H W Ping (2010)  New multilevel inverter topology with minimum number of switches   In: 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2010 1862-1867  
Abstract: This paper presents two types of multilevel inverters, known as symmetrical and asymmetrical multilevel inverter. Both types are very effective and efficient for improving the quality of the inverter output voltage. Firstly, we describe briefly the structural parts of the inverter then switching strategy and operational principles of the proposed inverter are explained and operational topologies are given. The proposed topology reduces the number of switches, losses, installation area and converter cost. Finally, the simulation results are provided to validate the proposed theory.
Notes: Conference code: 83758 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5686368 CODEN: 85QXA doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2010.5686368 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmed, R. A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: Rokan_L4@yahoo.com References: Beser, E., Camur, S., Arifoglu, B., Beser, E.K., Design and application of a novel structure and topology for multilevel inverter (2008) Proc. IEEE SPEEDAM, pp. 969-974. , Tenerife, Spain; Kim, T.-J., Kang, D.-W., Lee, Y.-H., Hyun, D.-S., The analysis of conduction and switching losses in multi-level inverter system (2001) PESC Record - IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 3, pp. 1363-1368; Baker, R.H., (1980) High-Voltage Converter Circuit, , U.S. Patent Number 4, 203, 151, May; Ahmed, M.E., Mekhilef, S., Design and implementation of a multilevel three-Phase inverter with less switches and low output voltage distortion (2009) Journal of Power Electronics, 9 (4), pp. 593-603. , Jul; Mekhilef, S., Kadir, M.N.A., Voltage control of three-stage hybrid multilevel inverter using vector transformation (2010) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2051040(in press), available online at; Daher, S., Schmid, J., Antunes, F.L.M., Multilevel inverter topologies for stand-alone PV systems (2008) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 55 (7), pp. 2703-2712. , Aug; Kadir, M.N.A., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Voltage vector control of a hybrid three-stage eighteen-level inverter by vector decomposition (2010) IET Trans. Power Electron., 3 (4), pp. 601-611; Rodriguez, J., Lai, J.S., Peng, F.Z., Multilevel inverters: Survey of topologies, controls, and applications (2002) IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., 49 (4), pp. 724-738. , Aug; Baker, R.H., Bannister, L.H., (1975) Electric Power Converter, , U.S. Patent 3 867 643, Feb; Babaei, E., Hosseini, S.H., New cascaded multilevel inverter topology with minimum number of switches (2009) Elsevier J. Energy Conversion and Management, 55 (11), pp. 2761-2767; Abdul Kadir, M.N., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Dual vector control strategy for a three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2010) Journal of Power Electronic, 10 (2), pp. 155-164; Mekhilef, S., Omar, A.M., Rahim, N.A., Modeling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter (2007) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 54 (1), pp. 427-432. , DOI 10.1109/TIE.2006.885151; Mekhilef, S., Abdul Kadir, M.N., Novel vector control method for three-stage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter (2010) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, , http://ieeexplore.ieee.org, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2049716 (in press), available online at; Tolbert, L.M., Peng, F.Z., Multilevel converters as a utility interface for renewable energy systems (2000) Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meeting, 2, pp. 1271-1274; Hosseini Aghdam, M.G., Fathi, S.H., Gharehpetian, G.B., Comparison of OMTHD and OHSW harmonic optimization techniques in multi-level voltage-source inverter with non-equal DC sources (2007) Proc. 7th IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf. (ICPE), pp. 587-591; Du, Z., Tolbert, L.M., Chiasson, J.N., Ozpineci, B., A cascade multilevel inverter using a single DC source (2006) Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC, 2006, pp. 426-430. , 1620573, Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC ’06; Sinha, G., Lipo, T.A., A four level rectifier-inverter system for drive applications (1996) Conf. Rec. 31st IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 2, pp. 980-987; Klabunde, M., Zhao, Y., Lipo, T.A., Current control of a 3 level rectifier/inverter drive system (1994) Conf. Rec. IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 2, pp. 859-866; Babaei, E., A cascade multilevel converter topology with reduced number of switches (2008) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 23 (6), pp. 2657-2664. , Nov; Babaei, E., Hosseini, S.H., Gharehpetian, G.B., Haque, M.T., Sabahi, M., Reduction of dc voltage sources and switches in asymmetrical multilevel converters using a novel topology (2007) Electric Power Systems Research, 77 (8), pp. 1073-1085. , DOI 10.1016/j.epsr.2006.09.012, PII S0378779606002185; Park, S.J., Kang, F.S., Lee, M.H., Kim, C.U., A new single-phase five-level PWM inverter employing a deadbeat control scheme (2003) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 18 (18), pp. 831-843. , May; Sivakumar, K., Das, A., Ramchand, R., A simple fivelevel inverter topology for induction motor drive using conventional two-level inverters and flying capacitor technique (2009) Proc. IEEE PESC, pp. 1009-1013. , Chintan; Gopakumar; Kang, D.W., Hyun, D.S., Simple harmonic analysis method for multi-carrier PWM techniques using output phase voltage in multi-level inverter (2005) IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications, 152 (2), pp. 157-165. , DOI 10.1049/ip-epa:20045153; Kang, D.W., Lee, Y.H., Suh, B.S., Choi, C.H., Hyun, D.S., An improved carrierwave-based SVPWM method using phase voltage redundancies for generalized cascaded multilevel inverter topology (2000) Proc. IEEE APEC, pp. 542-548 Sponsors: IEEE Fukuoka Section; IEEE Region 10
H N Zainudin, S Mekhilef (2010)  Comparison Study of Maximum Power Point Tracker Techniques for PV Systems   In: Proceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCONҀ™10), Cairo University, Egypt  
Abstract: These techniques vary in many aspects as simplicity, digital or analogical implementation, sensor required, convergence speed, range of effectiveness, implementation hardware, popularity, cost and in other aspects. This paper presents in details comparative study between two most popular algorithms technique which is incremental conductance algorithm and perturb and observe algorithm. Three different converter buck, boost and cuk converter use for comparative in this study. Few comparison such as efficiency, voltage, current and power out put for each different combination has been recorded. Multi changes in irradiance, temperature by keeping voltage and current as main sensed parameter been done in the simulation. Matlab simulink tools have been used for performance evaluation on energy point. Simulation will consider different solar irradiance and temperature variations.
Notes:
2009
S K Kamali, S Mekhilef (2009)  Evaluation study on grid-connected PV system at university of Malaya   In: International Conference for Technical Postgraduates 2009, TECHPOS 2009  
Abstract: This paper presents the complete design of a photovoltaic installation that may be either used for internal electric consumption or for sale using the renewable energy incentive program by the state of Malaysia (SURIA 1000 and so on.). Moreover in this article an economic and environmental study is carried out on PV solar energy installations connected to the Malaysian electrical grid system. The study has been performed on construction situated in the city of Kuala Lumpur (with an average irradiation value approximately equal to 5.4 kWh/m2/d) based on an analysis of the technical and financial viability of a grid connected PV systems. Initially, the study is performed; proposing different scenarios where different values of interest rates and initial costs incentives applied. The following parameters are used to determine the profitability of a PV structure: the Net Present Cost (NPC), Renewable Fraction (RF) and Lifetime. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of PV systems connected to the grid have been evaluated.
Notes: Conference code: 79876 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5412043 doi: 10.1109/TECHPOS.2009.5412043 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Kamali, S. K.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: sam.koohi@gmail.com References: (2005) An Overview of the Energy Systems, Renewable Energy Options, Initiatives, Actors and Opportunities in Malaysia, , AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS COUNCIL FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, August; Bernal-Agustin, J.L., Dufo-Lopez, R., Economical and environmental analysis of grid connected photovoltaic systems in Spain (2006) Renewable Energy, 31 (8), pp. 1107-1128. , DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2005.06.004, PII S0960148105001667; Dalton, G.J., Lockington, D.A., Baldock, T.E., Feasibility analysis of renewable energy supply options for a gridconnected large hotel (2009) Renewable Energy, 34 (4), pp. 955-964; Fernández-Infantes, A., Contreras, J., Bernalagustín, J.L., Design of grid connected PV systems considering electrical, economical and environmental aspects: A practical case (2006) Renewable Energy, 31 (13), pp. 2042-2062; Gong, X., Kulkarni, M., Design optimization of a large scale rooftop photovoltaic system (2005) Solar Energy, 78 (3), pp. 362-374. , DOI 10.1016/j.solener.2004.08.008, PII S0038092X04002105; http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=12&pg=622, 15th May 2009 at 10amhttp://my.pagenation.com/kul/Faculty%20of%20Engineering, %20University%20of%20Malaya_101.6553_3.1186.map, PAGE NATION, 2009-last update, faculty of engineering, university of malaya [March]Sinnadurai, R., (2003) Energy Audit and Energy Costs Report Phase Two. Master of Engineering Dissertation Edn., , University of Malaya, Faculty of Engineering; UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA, MAINTENACE OFFICE, 2008. Daily Load ProfileUR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77951008112&partnerID=40&md5=e37b90903fb880ea7b76caa781508bf2
M N A Kadir, S Mekhlif, H W Ping (2009)  Novel control strategy for three-stage 18-level hybrid multilevel inverter   In: Systems, Signals and Devices, 2009. SSD’09. 6th International Multi-Conference on 1-6 IEEE  
Abstract: This paper presents a multilevel multistage inverter design and its corresponding control strategy. The hybrid inverter has a high voltage stage composed of the six-switch conventional three phase inverter with its output connected in series with the outputs of three-level H-bridge medium and low voltage stages. The voltage ratio has been selected to enable both one state - approximation and PWM control modes effectively. The suggested control strategy has been developed to ensure minimum switching losses focusing on holding the higher voltage stage state as long as it is feasible. The reference voltage vector has been approximated to the nearest of the 919 vectors provided by the 18-level inverter. A special definition of state zone has been introduced for the low voltage stage to enable the achievement of the reference vector with minimum error. The proposed control strategy has been tested and its short computational time and low memory requirement has been proven.
Notes:
M N Abdul Kadir, S Mekhilef (2009)  Eighteen-level inverter control with minimum switching losses   In: 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE '09  
Abstract: A multilevel multistage inverter design and its corresponding control strategy are presented. The hybrid inverter has a high voltage stage composed of the six-switch conventional three phase inverter with its outputs connected in series to the outputs of three-level H-bridge medium and low voltage stages. The voltage ratio has been selected to form 18-level provide maximum number of uniform steps. The suggested control strategy has been developed to ensure minimum switching losses focusing on holding the higher voltage stage state as long as it is feasible. The reference voltage vector has been approximated to the nearest inverter voltage vector. A special definition of state zone has been introduced for the low voltage stage to enable the achievement of the reference vector with minimum error. The proposed control strategy has been tested and its short computational time and low memory requirement has been proven.
Notes: Conference code: 78515 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5279169 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdul Kadir, M. N.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaya University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: makadr@yahoo.com References: Annette von Jouanne, S.D., Haoran Zhang, A., Multilevel Inverter Approach Providing DC-Link Balancing, Ride-Through Enhancement, and Common-Mode Voltage Elimination (2002) IEEE Trans. on indsut. Elect, 49 (4), pp. 739-745. , AUG; Song-Manguelle, J., Ruffer, A., Asymmetrical Multilevel inverter for large induction machine drives (2001) EDPE’01 Electrical Drives and Power Electronics International conference, Slovakia 3-5, pp. 101-107. , October; Ruffer, A., Veenstra, M., Gopakumar, K., Asymmetrical multilevel converter for high resolution voltage phasor generation EPE 99; J. Song-Manguelle, S. Mariethoz, and A. Rufer, A generalized design principle of a uniform step asymmetrical multilevel converter for high power conversion EPE-2001:Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., (2002) Design and control of asymmetrical multi-level inverters, pp. 840-845. , IECON Industrial electronics society IEEE; Lai, Y.S., Shyu, F.S., Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter (2002) IEE Proc.-Elect. Power Appl, 149 (6). , November; Y. Liu, and F. L. Luo: Trinary hybrid 81-level multilevel inverter for motor drive with zero common-mode voltage, Industrial Electronics IEEE Transaction on, 55, Issue: 3, March 2008, pp/ 1014-21Abdul Kadir, M., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with asymmetrical multilevel inverter supply, ICPE07, Korea October, 2007, pp. 1196-1201; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., An overview of the technique of asymmetrical multilevel inverters , ANAE : Associazione Nazionale Azionamenti Elettrici (2005) 16o Seminario Interattivo, Azionamenti elettrici : Evoluzione Tecnologica e Problematiche Emergenti, , Bressanone, Italy; McGrath, B.P., Holmes, D.G., Lipo, T., Optimized Space Vector Switching Sequence for Multilevel Inverters (2003) Power Electronics IEEE Transactions on, 18 (6), pp. 1293-1301. , Nov
J Liu, S Mekhilef, H Li (2009)  Effective induction motor controller based voltage/frequency   In: 2009 International Conference on Electronic Computer Technology, ICECT 2009 321-324  
Abstract: An effective scheme of induction motor control without using stator sensor is proposed in this paper. The effective scheme consist of speed calculation algorithm and voltage/frequency control. The speed calculation algorithm is achieved by sensoring the current of stator and compared with the prospective speed then calculation by DSP. The principles of constant voltage/frequency (V/Hz) control for AC Induction motor and sine wave generation of PWM technique are used. The control system has been tested at the real time operating conditions and the experimental results have shown that the system has good characteristic in steady state and during transient as well.
Notes: Conference code: 75842 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4795975 doi: 10.1109/ICECT.2009.137 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Liu, J.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: tiantian0812@msn.com References: Bodson, M., Chiasson, J., Novotnak, R., High perfonnance induction motor control via input-output linearization (1994) IEEE Control Systems, pp. 25-33. , August; Chiasson, J., Chaudhari, A., Bodson, M., Nonlinear controllers for the induction motor (1992) IFAC Nonlinear Control System Design Symposium, Bordoeau, pp. 150-155. , France, pp; Isidori, A., Nonlinear Control Systems (1989) Communications and Control Engineering. Springer Verlag, Berlin, , second edition; Khierkowki, M.P., Tunia, H., Autoniatic Control of Converter-Fed Drives (1994) ELSEVIER Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo; Trzynadlowski, A.M., DSP controllers - An emerging tool for electric motor drives (1998) IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. Newslett, pp. 11-13. , Sept; Ohnishi, K., Matsui, N., Hori, Y., Estimation, identification, and sensorless control in motion control systems (1994) Proc. IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1253-1265; Trzynadlowski, A.M., The Field Orientation Principle in Control of Induction Motors (1994) Kluwer Academic Publishers; Trzynadlowski, A.M., DSP controllers-An emerging tool for electric motor drives (1998) IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. Newslett, pp. 11-13. , Sept; Liu, J., Mekhilef, S., 3-Phase Induction Motor Controller Based Voltage/frequency using DSP (2008) international technical conference of IEEE region 10, , Hyderabad, India; Sabanovic, A., bmsimov, D.B., Applications cf sliding modes to induction motor control (1981) IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, 17 (1), pp. 41-49; Marino, R., Peresada, S., Valigi, P., Adaptive partial feedback linearization of induction motors (1990) Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 3313-3318. , Honolulu. Hawaii, pp, Dec
R A Ahmed, S Mekhilef, H W Ping (2009)  A three-Phase shunt active power filter with unified constant frequency integration control with RLC connection circuit   In: International Conference for Technical Postgraduates 2009, TECHPOS 2009  
Abstract: This paper discusses a Modular Structure Multilevel Inverter (MSMI) with a Unified Constant Frequency Integration Control (UPC) which is used as an Active Power Filter (APF). APF is connected in shunt to the power system in order to sense the non-sinusoidal current drawn by the non-linear load and inject current to the transmission line which compensates the harmonics drawn by the load. This in turn helps having a power factor value close to one at the source side since the source current is forced to follow the source and thus be in phase with it. An APF topology is simulated for different connection parameters and its performance for each case is studied. Finally the results are compared to show that the topology proposed in this paper has a better harmonic reduction.
Notes: Conference code: 79876 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5412079 doi: 10.1109/TECHPOS.2009.5412079 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmed, R. A.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: Rokan_L4@yahoo.com References: Yi, L.P., (2005) Modular Structured Multilevel Inverter As Active Power Filter with Unified Constant-Frequency Integration Control, , Master of Engineering (Electrical-Power), UTM; http://www.tpub.com/neets/book23/101a.htm, Integrated Publishing, Electrical Engineering Training SeriesQiao, C., Smedley, K.M., Three-phase active power filters with unified constant-frequency integration control (2000) Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2, pp. 698-705. , Aug; Zhou, L., Smedley, K., Unified constant-frequency integration control of active power filters (2000) Proc. 32nd IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,(APEC), 1, pp. 406-412. , Feb; Akagi, H., Kanazawa, Y., Nabae, A., Instantaneous reactive power compensation comprising switching devices without, energy components (1984) IEEE Trans. Industrial Applications, 20 A1 (3), pp. 625-630. , May/June; Ismaail, A.I., (2007) Modular Structured Multilevel Inverter As A ThreePhase Shunt Active Power Filter with Unified Constant-Frequency Integration Control, , Master of Engineering Thesis, UTM; Segal, B., (2000) Costs and Benefits of Harmonic Current and Power Factor Reduction for Variable Speed Drives in An Industrial Facility, , http://www.activeharmonicfiIters.com, Power Correction Systems, Inc; Peng, F.Z., Lai, J., Mekeever, J., Vancoevering, J., A multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources for static var generation (1995) Conf. Rec. 30th IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 1995, 3, pp. 2541-2548. , Oct; Akagi, H., Nabae, A., Ato, S., Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source pwm converters (1986) IEEE Trans. Power Electron. Industry Applications, 22 IA (3), pp. 460-465. , May; Nakata, A., Ueda, A., Torii, A., A method of detection for an active power filter applying moving average to pq-theory (2001) Proc. 29th IEEE Power Electron. Specialist Conf., pp. 242-247. , Fukuoka, Japan, June; Smedley, K.M., Zhou, L., Qiao, C., Unified constant-frequency integration control of active power filters-steady-state and dynamics (2001) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 16 (3), pp. 428-436. , May; Cuk, S., Smedley, K.M., One-cycle control of switching converter (1995) IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 10 (6), pp. 625-633. , Nov; Azli, N.A., Lim, P.Y., Modular structured multilevel inverter with unified constant-frequency integration control for active power filters (2005) International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems/ PEDS, 2, pp. 1312-1316. , Nov; Qiao, C., Smedley, K.M., Maddaleno, F., A comprehensive analysis and design of a single phase active power filter with unified constant-frequency integration Control (2001) Proc. 32nd IEEE Power Electron. Specialist Conf., pp. 1619-1625. , Vancouver, BC, Canada, June
U A A Younis, N A Rahirn, S Mekhilef (2009)  Distributed generation with parallel connected inverter   In: 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ICIEA 2009 2935-2940  
Abstract: This paper presents the design and analysis of a new configuration of parallel connected inverter suitable for Distributed Generation Application. The configuration consists of dc/dc converter and parallel three-phase dc/ac inverter. Series resistors added to the inverter output to maintain same current in each inverter of the two parallel inverters, and to reduce the circulating current in the parallel inverters to the minimum. Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) reduces the total harmonic distortion and to make maximum use of the voltage source. DSP was used to generate the THIPWM and the control algorithm for the converter. PID controller is applied on the full-bridge dc/dc converter side to maintain the ac voltage to the required level. Selected experimental results have been shown to validate the proposed system.
Notes: Conference code: 77337 Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5138746 doi: 10.1109/ICIEA.2009.5138746 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, U. A. A.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UNISEL, Selangor, Malaysia; email: mahmoud@unisel.edu.my References: Nigim, K.A., Hegazy, Y.G., Intentional Islanding of Distributed Generation for Reliability Enhancement (2003) IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 4. , July; Marei, M.I., El-Saadany, E.F., Salama, M.M.A., A novel control algorithm for the DG interface to mitigate power quality problems (2004) Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, 19 (3), pp. 1384-1392. , July Pages; Daly, P.A., Morrison, J., Understanding the Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation on Power Delivery Systems (2001) Rural Electric Power Conference, , April; Puttgen, H.B., Distributed Generation: Semantic Hype of the Dawn of a New Era? (2003) IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 1 (1). , Jan-Feb; Nigim, K.A., Lee, W.-J., Micro Grid Integration Opportunities and Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007. IEEE 24-28 June 2007challenges, pp. 1-6. , Pages; Hammons, T.J., International practices in distributed generation developments worldwide (2007) Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007. UPEC 2007. 42nd International, pp. 885-894. , 4-6 Sept, Pages; Pitel, I.J., Talukdar, S.N., Wood, P., Characterization of Programmed-Waveform Pulse-Width Modulation (1980) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, IA-16, pp. 707-715. , Sept/Oct; Magueed, F.A., Svensson, J., Control of VSC connected to the grid through LCL filter to achieve balanced currents (2005) Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2, pp. 572-578; Mohan, N., A Novel Approach to Minimize Line-Current Harmonics in Interfacing Power Electronics Equipment with 3-Phase Utility Systems (1993) IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 8, pp. 1395-1401. , July; Naik. N, Mohan, N.; Rogers, M.; Bulawka, A novel grid interface, optimized for utility-scale applications of photovoltaic, wind-electric, and fuel-cell systems, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 10, Oct. 1995, pp. 1920-6Lohner, A., Meyer, T., Nagel, A., A new panel-integratable inverter concept for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. ISIE’96 (1996) Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2, pp. 827-831. , Warsaw, Poland, 17-20 June; Hatziadoniu, C.J., Chalkiadakis, F.E., Feiste, V.K., A power conditioner for a grid-connected photovoltaic generator based on the 3-level inverter (1999) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 14 (4), pp. 1605-1610. , IEEE, Dec; Blaabjerg, F., Chen, Z., Kjaer, S.B., Power Electronics as Efficient Interface in Dispersed Power Generation Systems (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19 (5); Xue, Y., Chang, L., Kjaer, S.B., Bordonau, J., Shimizu, T., Topologies of Single-Phase Inverters for Small Distributed Power Generators: An Overview IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19 (5), pp. 1305-1314; Cominos, P., Munro, N., PID controllers: Recent tuning methods and design to specification; Control Theory and Applications (2002) IEE Proceedings, 149 (1), pp. 46-53. , Jan; SIMULINKhelpZhang, B., Huang, A.Q., Chen, B., A novel IGBT gate driver to eliminate the dead-time effect Industry Applications Conference, 2005 (2005) Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the, 2, pp. 913-917. , 2-6 Oct
M N Abdul Kadir, S Mekhilef (2009)  Eighteen-level inverter control with minimum switching losses   In: 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE '09  
Abstract: A multilevel multistage inverter design and its corresponding control strategy are presented. The hybrid inverter has a high voltage stage composed of the six-switch conventional three phase inverter with its outputs connected in series to the outputs of three-level H-bridge medium and low voltage stages. The voltage ratio has been selected to form 18-level provide maximum number of uniform steps. The suggested control strategy has been developed to ensure minimum switching losses focusing on holding the higher voltage stage state as long as it is feasible. The reference voltage vector has been approximated to the nearest inverter voltage vector. A special definition of state zone has been introduced for the low voltage stage to enable the achievement of the reference vector with minimum error. The proposed control strategy has been tested and its short computational time and low memory requirement has been proven.
Notes: Conference code: 78515 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5279169 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdul Kadir, M. N.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Malaya University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: makadr@yahoo.com References: Annette von Jouanne, S.D., Haoran Zhang, A., Multilevel Inverter Approach Providing DC-Link Balancing, Ride-Through Enhancement, and Common-Mode Voltage Elimination (2002) IEEE Trans. on indsut. Elect, 49 (4), pp. 739-745. , AUG; Song-Manguelle, J., Ruffer, A., Asymmetrical Multilevel inverter for large induction machine drives (2001) EDPE’01 Electrical Drives and Power Electronics International conference, Slovakia 3-5, pp. 101-107. , October; Ruffer, A., Veenstra, M., Gopakumar, K., Asymmetrical multilevel converter for high resolution voltage phasor generation EPE 99; J. Song-Manguelle, S. Mariethoz, and A. Rufer, A generalized design principle of a uniform step asymmetrical multilevel converter for high power conversion EPE-2001:Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., (2002) Design and control of asymmetrical multi-level inverters, pp. 840-845. , IECON Industrial electronics society IEEE; Lai, Y.S., Shyu, F.S., Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter (2002) IEE Proc.-Elect. Power Appl, 149 (6). , November; Y. Liu, and F. L. Luo: Trinary hybrid 81-level multilevel inverter for motor drive with zero common-mode voltage, Industrial Electronics IEEE Transaction on, 55, Issue: 3, March 2008, pp/ 1014-21Abdul Kadir, M., Mekhilef, S., Ping, H.W., Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with asymmetrical multilevel inverter supply, ICPE07, Korea October, 2007, pp. 1196-1201; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., An overview of the technique of asymmetrical multilevel inverters , ANAE : Associazione Nazionale Azionamenti Elettrici (2005) 16o Seminario Interattivo, Azionamenti elettrici : Evoluzione Tecnologica e Problematiche Emergenti, , Bressanone, Italy; McGrath, B.P., Holmes, D.G., Lipo, T., Optimized Space Vector Switching Sequence for Multilevel Inverters (2003) Power Electronics IEEE Transactions on, 18 (6), pp. 1293-1301. , Nov
S Mekhilef, T R Chard, V K Ramachandramurthy (2009)  Voltage rise due to inter-connection of embedded generators to distribution network on weak feeder   In: 2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ISIEA 2009 1028-1033  
Abstract: This paper presents voltage rise due to inter-connection of embedded generators to distribution network on weak feeder. Studies were performed on Malaysia’s 11kV network using a simulation tool called PSS ADEPT™. Various scenarios were investigated such as EG penetration level, location of EG plant, sizing of feeder (distance from MAIN substation), loading of network, Automatic Voltage Control relay set point at MAIN substation, power factor of network and various operating mode of EG. It is concluded that the introduction of EG at the distribution network will cause voltage rise and this leads to customer voltages being out of the allowable range. Through careful design of the connection arrangement, Distribution Network Operator (DNO) can ensure that the new EG connection does not cause problems and at the same time, enhance the performance of the network.
Notes: Conference code: 79286 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5356314 doi: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356314 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Ackermann, T., Andersson, G., Soder, L., Distributed generation: A definition (2001) Electric Power Systems Research, 57, pp. 195-204; (2004) Technical Guide Book for the Connection of Generation to the Distribution Network, , TNB Research Sdn. Bhd. Nov; Jenkins, N., Embedded generation (1995) Power Engineering Journal, 9, pp. 145-150. , June; Barker, P.P., Johnson, B.K., Power system modeling requirements for rotating machine interfaced distributed resources (2002) Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 1, pp. 161-166. , July 25; Azmy, A.M., Erlich, I., Impact of distributed generation on the stability of electrical power systems (2005) IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2, pp. 1056-1063. , 12-16June; Strbac, N.J., Warwick, G., (1995) Effects of Small Embedded Generation on Power Quality, , s.n., IEE Colloqium on "Issues in Power Quality"; Driesen, J., Belmans, R., Distributed generation: Challenges and possible solutions (2006) Power Engineering Society General Meeting, p. 8. , 18-22 June; Slootweg, J.G., Kling, W.L., Impacts of distributed generation on power system transient stability (2002) IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2, pp. 862-867; Salman, S.K., The impact of embedded generation on voltage regulation and losses of distribution network (1996) IEE Colloquium, , 15th Oct; Kojovic, L., Impact of DG on voltage regulation (2002) Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 1, pp. 97-102. , 25 July; Salman, S.K., Jiang, F., Rogers, W.J.S., Investigation of the operating strategies of remotely connected embedded generators to help regulating local network voltage (1996) International Conference on Opportunities and Advances in International Electric Power Generation, pp. 180-185. , 18-20 March; Pandiaraj, K., Fox, B., Novel voltage control for embedded generators in rural distribution networks (2000) Power System Technology, 1, pp. 457-462. , 4-7 Dec; Scott, N.C., Atkinson, D.J., Morrell, J.E., Use of load control to regulate voltage on distribution networks with embedded generation (2002) IEEE Transaction on Power System, 17, pp. 510-515. , 2, May Sponsors: IEEE Malaysia Section; IEEE Malaysia PEL/IE/IA Joint Chapter; IEEE Malaysia Engineering in Medicine and Biology Chapter; IEEE Malaysia Instrumentation and Measurement Chapter
M G M Abdolrasol, S Mekhilef (2009)  Hybrid anti-islanding algorithm for utility interconnection of distributed generation   In: International Conference for Technical Postgraduates 2009, TECHPOS 2009  
Abstract: In this paper hybrid anti-islanding algorithm for utility interconnection of distributed generation is proposed. This algorithm is based on two detection schemes; namely active and passive. Active detection algorithm generates disturbances at the output by Positive feedback and Continuous feedback signal injection which is based on DQ implementation. On the other hand passive detection algorithm detects islanding by measuring voltage, frequency, active and reactive power. Using total harmonic distortion (THD) as an additional parameter is proposed in this paper. Passive detection algorithm uses several types of loads such as resistive, capacitive and inductive connected in parallel and compares the performance of the algorithm in each case.
Notes: Conference code: 79876 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5412095 doi: 10.1109/TECHPOS.2009.5412095 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdolrasol, M. G. M.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: maher_photo@yahoo.com References: Lopes, L.-A.C., Zhang, Y., Islanding detection assessment of multiinverter systems with active frequency drifting methods (2008) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 23 (1), pp. 480-486. , Jan; IEEE 929-2000, IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, 2000(2003) IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems; González, H.-G., Iravani, R., Current injection for active islanding detection of electronically- interfaced distributed resources (2006) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Volume, 21 (3), pp. 1698-1701. , 705 July; Ye, Z., Evaluation of anti-islanding schemes based on non detection zone concept (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19 (5). , Sept; Jang, S.-I., Kim, K.-H., Development of a logical rule-based islanding detection method for distributed resources (2002) IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2, pp. 800-806. , Jan; Jang, S.-I., Kim, K.-H., An islanding detection method for distributed generations using voltage unbalance and total harmonic distortion of current (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19 (2). , April; Ye, Z., Li, L., Garces, L., Wang, C., Zhang, R., Dame, R., Walling, M., Miller, N., A new family of active anti-islanding schemes based on DQ implementation for grid-connected inverters (2004) 35th Annul IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference; Chiang, W.-J., Jou, H.-L., Wu, J.-C., Feng, Y.-T., Novel active islanding detection method for distributed power generation system (2006) International Conference on Power System Technology, pp. 1-7. , 22-26 Oct; Mahat, P., Chen, Z., B-Jensen, B., A hybrid islanding detection technique using average rate of voltage change and real power shift (2009) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 24 (2), pp. 764-771. , April; Chairman, T.N.T., Boroyevich, D., (2005) Control of Power Conversion Systems for the Intentional Islanding of Distributed Generation. Units, 26. , Blaclcsburg, Virginia September; Mahat, P., Chen, Z., B-Jensen, B., Review of islanding detection methods for distributed generation (2008) Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, pp. 2743-2748. , 6-9 April
2008
M E Ahmed, S Mekhilef (2008)  Three-phase three-level nine switches inverter employing space vector modulation   In: 2008 12th International Middle East Power System Conference, MEPCON 2008 341-347  
Abstract: This paper studies the space vector pulse width modulation technique (SVPWM) for the three-phase threelevel nine switches voltage source inverter. The proposed inverter is based on the two level inverter topology where it consists of a main inverter switches Q1, Q2, Q 3, Q4, Q5, and Q6, an auxiliary three bidirectional switches S1, S2, and S3 and two capacitor banks C1, and C2. Ideal switches and diodes will be assumed and the dc bus capacitor bank voltages fluctuations will be absent. The effectiveness of the SVPWM control scheme will be verified by the simulations results in the worst case where two very low switching frequencies values of 1 kHz and 5 kHz will be considered. Open loop controller experimental measurements at 1 kHz switching frequency will be provided.
Notes: Conference code: 73442 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4562305 doi: 10.1109/MEPCON.2008.4562305 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmed, M. E.; Aswan Faculty of Engineering, South Valley UniversityEgypt; email: mahrous_sh@yahoo.com References: Mahrous, E.A., Rahim, N.A., Hew, W.P., Three-Phase Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter With Low Switching Frequency Based On The TwoLevel Inverter Topology (2007) IET Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, 1 (4), pp. 637-641. , July; Nabae, A., Takahashi, I., Akagi, H., A new neutral-point clamped PWM inverter (1981) IEEE Transactions Industrial Applications, 17, pp. 518-523. , Sept./Oct; Ogasawara, O., Akagi, H., Nabel, A., A novel PWM scheme of voltage source inverters based on space vector theory (1989) Proc. EPE European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp. 1197-1202; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth Modulation for Electronic Power Conversion (1994) Proceedings of the IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , August; Holtz, J., Lotzkat, W., Khambadkone, A., On continuous control of PWM inverters in the overmodulation range including the six-step mode (1992) Proceedings of the IEEE IECON’92, pp. 307-312; Bose, B.K., Sutherland, H.A., A high performance pulsewidth modulator for an inverterfed drive system using a microcomputer (1983) IEEE Transaction Industrial Application, 19, pp. 235-243. , March/April; Celanovic, N., Boroyevich, D., A Fast Space-Vector Modulation Algorithm for Multilevel Three-Phase Converters (2001) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 37 (2), pp. 637-641. , March/April; Prats, M.M., Portillo, R., Carrasco, J.M., Franqueio, L.G., New Fast Space-Vector Modulation for Multilevel Converters Based on Geometrical Consideration (2002) Industrial Electronics Society, 28th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 4, pp. 3134-3139. , 5-8 November
M Ahmed, S Mekhilef (2008)  A three-phase three-level voltage source inverter with a three-phase two-level inverter as a main circuit   In: 4th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, PEMD 2008 640-644  
Abstract: This paper proposes and describes the design of a three-phase three-level nine switch voltage source inverter. The proposed topology consists of three bi-directional switches inserted between the source and the full-bridge power switches of the classical three-phase inverter. As a result, a three-level output voltage waveform and significant suppression of the load harmonics contents are obtained at the inverter output. The harmonics contents of the proposed multilevel inverter can be reduced by half compared with the two-level inverter. A Fourier analysis of the output waveform is performed and the design is optimized to obtain the minimum total harmonic distortion. The full-bridge power switches of the classical three-phase inverter operate at the line frequency of 50 Hz, while the auxiliary circuit switches operate at twice the line frequency. To validate the proposed topology, simulation and analysis have been performed. In addition, a prototype has been designed, implemented and tested. Selected simulation and experimental results have been provided.
Notes: Conference code: 76307 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus doi: 10.1049/cp:20080600 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ahmed, M.; Aswan Faculty of Engineering, South Valley UniversityEgypt; email: mahrous_sh@yahoo.com References: Rashid, M.H., (1993) Power Electronics, 2nd Edition, pp. 320-323. , Prentice Hall; Hashad, M., Iwaszkiewicz, J., A Novel Orthogonal-Vectors-Based Topology of Multilevel Inverters (2002) IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electronics, 49 (4), pp. 868-874; Cengelci, E., Sulistijo, U., Woo, O., Enjeti, P., Teodorescu, R., Blaabjerg, F., A new medium-voltage PWM inverter topology for adjustable-speed drives (1999) IEEE Trans. Ind. Application, 35, pp. 628-637. , May/June; Henning, P.H., Fuchs, H.D., Le Roux, A.D., Du T Mouton, H., Development of a 1.5 MW, Seven Level Series-stacked Converter as an APF and Regeneration Converter for a DC Traction Substation 36th IEEE Specialists Conference on Power Electronics 2005, June 12, pp. 2270-2276; Somasekhar, V.T., Gopakumar, K., Three-level inverter configuration cascading two two-level inverters (2003) IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications, 150 (3), pp. 245-254. , May; Kanchan, R.S., Tekwani, P.N., Baiju, M.R., Gopakumar, K., Pittet, A., Three-level inverter configuration with common-mode voltage elimination for induction motor drive (2005) IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications, 152 (2), pp. 261-270. , DOI 10.1049/ip-epa:20055034; Nabae, A., Takahashi, I., Akagi, H., NEW NEUTRAL-POINT-CLAMPED PWM INVERTER (1981) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, IA-17 (5), pp. 518-523; Marchesoni, M., Tenca, P., Diode-clamped multilevel converters: A practicable way to balance DC-link voltages (2002) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49 (4), pp. 752-765. , DOI 10.1109/TIE.2002.801237, PII 1011092002801237; Rodriguez, J., Lai, J.-S., Peng, F.Z., Multilevel inverters: A survey of topologies, controls, and applications (2002) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 49 (4), pp. 724-738. , DOI 10.1109/TIE.2002.801052, PII 1011092002801052; Meynard, T.A., Foch, H., Multilevel choppers for high voltage applications (1992) European Power Electron. Drives J., 2, p. 41. , Mar; Peng, F.Z., Lai, J.S., Multilevel cascade voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources (1997), U.S. Patent 5 642 275, June 24Hammond, P.W., A new approach to enhance power quality for medium voltage AC drives (1997) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 33 (1), pp. 202-208. , PII S0093999497001886; Kukrer, O., Deadbeat control of a three-phase inverter with an output LC filter (1996) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 11 (1), pp. 16-23. , PII S0885899396005911; Ekanayake, J.B., Jenkins, N., A three-level advanced static VAr compensator (1996) IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 11 (1), pp. 540-545
M N Abdul Kadir, S Mekhilef, H W Ping (2008)  Direct torque control permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with asymmetrical multilevel inverter supply   In: 7th Internatonal Conference on Power Electronics, ICPE'07 1196-1201  
Abstract: This paper demonstrates the Direct Torque Control Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DTC-PMSM) drive fed by asymmetrical multilevel inverter. The cascaded H-bridges topology with ratio-3 dc voltage sourced cells inverter has been employed. The DTC controller receives a reference torque and flux signals, the torque controller output determines the position of the desired flux vector. The amplitude of this vector is determined by the reference flux amplitude. The reference voltage vector is calculated as a continuous value using a technique developed originally for the SVM controlled drive. In this study, however, the reference voltage vector has been approximated to the nearest voltage vector achievable by one switching state of the multilevel inverter. The performance of two- and three-cells per arm inverter drives has been compared to that of the SVM-inverter drive at two values of the switching intervals. The results reflect the low switching frequency and torque ripple advantages of the proposed scheme.
Notes: Conference code: 74902 Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4692567 doi: 10.1109/ICPE.2007.4692567 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Abdul Kadir, M. N.; Malaya University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: makadr@yahoo.com References: Kazmierkowski, M.P., Buja, G., Review of direct torque control methods for voltage source inverter-fed induction motors (2003) Industrial Electronics Society, 2003. IECON ’03. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 1, pp. 981-991. , 2-6 Nov; Arias, A., Romeral, J.L., Aldabas, E., Jayne, M.G., Fuzzy logic direct torque control (2000) Industrial Electronics, 2000. ISIE 2000. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on, 1, pp. 253-258. , Dec. 4-8; F. Profumo, T.G. Habetler, M. Pastorelli and L.M. Tolbert, Direct torque control of induction machines using space vector modulation, Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, 28, Issue 5, ppl045 - 1053, Sept.-Oct. 1992Toro, X., Calls, S., Jayne, M.G., Witting, P.A., Arias, A., Romeral, J.L., Direct torque control of an induction motor using a three-level inverter and fuzzy logic (2004) Industrial Electronics, 2004 IEEE International Symposium on, 2, pp. 923-927. , 4-7 May; Zhong, L., Rahman, M.F., Hu, W.Y., Analysis of direct torque control in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives IEEE Trans. Power electron, 12, pp. 528-536. , Mayl997; MR. Zolghadri, EM. Olasagasti, and D. Roye, Steady State Torque Correction of A Direct Torque Controlled PM Synchronous Machine, Proceedings of IEEE International Electrical Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC’97, Wisconsin, USA, pp: MC3/4.1-MC3/4.3, May 18-21 1997Rahman, M.F., Zhong, L., Haque, M.E., A Direct Torque-Controlled Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Without a Speed Sensor (2003) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 18 (1), pp. 17-22. , March; Tang, L., Zhong, L., Rahman, M.F., Hu, Y., A novel direct torque controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drive with low ripple in flux and torque and fixed switching frequency (2004) IEEE Trans. Power electron, 19 (2), pp. 346-354. , March; Tang, L., Zhong, L., Rahman, M.F., Hu, Y., A novel direct torque control for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drive with low ripple in torque and flux-A speed-sensorless approach (2003) IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications, 39 (6), pp. 1748-1756. , November; Quindere, K.E.B., Ruppert, F., de Oliveira, M.E., Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive with a three-level inverter (2006) Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2006. PESC ’06. 37th IEEE, pp. 1-6. , 18-22 June; D. Xiao and M.F. Rahman, Direct Torque Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine fed by a Direct AC-AC Converter, Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. IPEMC ’06. CES/IEEE 5th International 3, pp:l - 6, Aug. 2006Lipo, D., Hybrid topology for multilevel power conversion, (1999), U.S. Patent 6 005 788, DecAbdul Kadir, M.N., Hussien, Z.F., Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter: Maximum Resolution for H-Bridge Topology (2005) PEDS-05 The Sixth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Kuala Lumpur, 28 Nov.-1-Dec; Mariethoz, S., Rufer, A., An Overview of the Technique of Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverters ANAE : Associazione Nazionale Azionamenti Elettrici, 160 Seminario Interattivo, Azionamenti elettrici : Evoluzione Tecnologica e Problematiche Emergenti
L Jing, S Mekhilef (2008)  DSP based implementation of adaptive speed controller for three-phase induction motor   In: 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2008  
Abstract: In this paper, a simple adaptive speed control for induction motor is described and implemented using dedicated Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The controller structure design is based on voltage/frequency (V/Hz) control scheme that transforms the three phase motor speed into voltage and generating input of sine wave of PWM. Using these voltage components, the AC induction motor can be handled in the similar way with that of DC motor. Hence, the motor control system consists of voltage control loop and PWM control loop. To realize the speed controller, the speed reference is calculated as the output of speed sensor. From the experimental results it is shown that the overall induction motor speed control system gives good transient and the steady state responses tracks the motion profile given to the system.
Notes: Conference code: 75688 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4766634 CODEN: 85QXA doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2008.4766634 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Jing, L.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of MalayaMalaysia References: Verghese, G.C., Sanders, S.R., Observers for faster flux estimation in induction machines (1988) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 35 (L), pp. 85-94; Ohnishi, K., Matsui, N., Hori, Y., Estimation, identification, and sensorless control in motion control systems (1994) Proc. IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1253-1265; Trzynadlowski, A.M., (1994) The Field Orientation Principle in Control of Induction Motors, , Kluwer Academic Publishers; Trzynadlowski, A.M., DSP controllers-An emerging tool for electric motor drives (1998) IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. Newslett, pp. 11-13. , Sept; Kubota, H., Matsuse, K., Speed sensorless field-oriented control of induction motor with rotor resistance and adaptation (1994) IEEE Trans. Ins. Applicat, 30, pp. 1219-1224; Leonhard, W., (1996) Control of Electrical Drives, , 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Verghese, G.C., Sanders, S.R., Observers for faster flux estimation in induction machines (1988) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 35 (1), pp. 85-94; Trzynadlowski, A.M., DSP controllers - An emerging tool for electric motor drives (1998) IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. Newslett, pp. 11-13. , Sept; Jansen, P.L., Lorenz, R.D., Novotny, D.W., Observer-based direct field orientation: Analysis andcomparison of alternative methods (1994) IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, 30 (4), pp. 945-953; Manual, PC/16108 Multi-Channel I/O Board. Document No. 500-00211, Spectrum Corp. 1996Depenbrock, M., Direct self-control (DSC) of inverter-fed IM (1988) IEEE Trans. on, PE-3 (4), pp. 420-429. , Oct
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2008)  Parallel connected inverter for fuel cell system   In: 2008 5th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD'08  
Abstract: This paper presents the design and analysis of a new configuration of parallel connected inverter suitable for fuel cell system application. The configuration consists of dc/dc converter and parallel three-phase dc/ac inverter. Series resistors added to the inverter output to maintain same current in each inverter of the two parallel inverters, and to reduce the circulating current in the parallel inverters to minimum. Third harmonic injection PWM (THIPWM) reduces the total harmonic distortion and to make maximum use of the voltage source. DSP was used to create the THIPWM and the control algorithm for the converter. PID controller is applied on the full-bridge dc/dc converter side to maintain the ac voltage to the required level. Experimental results have been shown to validate the proposed system.
Notes: Conference code: 74113 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4632832 doi: 10.1109/SSD.2008.4632832 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M. A. A.; EE Dept., Unisel, Selangor, Malaysia; email: mahmoud@unisel.edu.my References: Devgan, S.S., (2001) Impact of environmental factors on the economic evaluation of renewable energy alternative generation, pp. 123-126. , 18-20 March; W. L. Gore & Associates, Advanced Power Assemblies for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Portable Power; Proceedings of PORTABLE FUEL CELLS (felix n. buechi, editor). European fuel cell forum, ch-5452 oberrohrdorf, switzerland (june 1999)Pitel, I.J., Talukdar, S.N., Wood, P., Characterization of Programmed-Waveform Pulse-Width Modulation (1980) IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1 A (16), pp. 707-715. , Sept./Oct; Magueed, F.A., Svensson, J., Control of VSC connected to the grid through LCL filter to achieve balanced currents (2005) Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2, pp. 572-578; Mohan, N., A Novel Approach to Minimize Line-Current Harmonics in Interfacing Power Electronics Equipment with 3-Phase Utility Systems (1993) IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 8, pp. 1395-1401. , July; Naik. N, Mohan, N. ; Rogers, M. ; Bulawka, A novel grid interface, optimized for utility-scale applications of photovoltaic, wind-electric, and fuel-cell systems, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 10, Oct. 1995, pp. 1920-6Lohner, A., Meyer, T., Nagel, A., A new panel-integratable inverter concept for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. ISIE ’96 (1996) Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2, pp. 827-831. , Warsaw, Poland, 17-20 June; Hatziadoniu, C.J., Chalkiadakis, F.E., Feiste, V.K., A power conditioner for a grid-connected photovoltaic generator based on the 3-level inverter (1999) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 14 (4), pp. 1605-1610. , IEEE, Dec; Blaabjerg, F., Chen, Z., Kjaer, S.B., Power Electronics as Efficient Interface in Dispersed Power Generation Systems (2004) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19 (5); Y. Xue, L. Chang, S.B. Kjaer, 1. Bordonau, T. Shimizu, Topologies of Single-Phase Inverters for Small Distributed Power Generators: An Overview. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19, No.5, pp.1305-1314Cominos, P., Munro, N., PID controllers: Recent tuning methods and design to specification Control Theory and Applications (2002) IEE Proceedings, 149 (1), pp. 46-53. , Jan; SIMULINK helpZhang, B., Huang, A.Q., Chen, B., A novel IGBT gate driver to eliminate the dead-time effect Industry Applications Conference, 2005 (2005) Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the, 2, pp. 913-917. , 2-6 Oct
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2008)  Dynamic and control of fuel cell system   In: 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, ICIEA 2008 2063-2067  
Abstract: In this paper, dynamic simulation of a fuel cell system studied using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The paper presents the dynamic model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The fuel cell output voltage is proportional to the change of the current drawn from the fuel cell model. Phase control full bridge dc/dc converter considered to match the unregulated voltage produced by the fuel cell model to the needed application voltage. PID controller has been selected to regulate the fuel cell output voltage. PWM-based inverter serves as the interface between the dc/dc converter and the ac load. Three-phase inverter used to drive three phase load. Third Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation used to drive the three-phase inverter so that minimum harmonic distortion and maximum usage of the fuel cell voltage on the three-phase inverter output. Simulation results provided to validate the design.
Notes: Conference code: 73555 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4582883 doi: 10.1109/ICIEA.2008.4582883 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M. A. A.; EE Dept., Unisel, Selangor, Malaysia; email: mahmoud@unisel.edu.my References: Gore, W.L., Advanced Power Assemblies for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Portable Power (1999) Proceedings of PORTABLE FUEL CELLS (felix n. buechi, editor). European fuel cell forum, ch-5452 oberrohrdorf, , & Associates, switzerland june; Cook, B., Introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology (2002) Engineering Science and Education Journal, 11 (6), pp. 205-216. , Dec, Pages; Larminie, J., Dicks, A., (2000) Fuel Cell Systems Explained, , West Sussex, England, John Wiley & Sons Inc; Mann, R.F., Amphlett, J.C., Hooper, M.A.I., Jensen, H.M., Peppley, B.A., Roberge, P.R., Development and application of a generalised steady-state electrochemical model for a PEM fuel cell (2000) Journal of Power Sources, 86, pp. 173-180; degrees of water flooding (2000) Journal of Power Sources, 86, pp. 181-196; Amphlett, J.C., Mann, R.F., Peppley, B.A., Roberge, P.R., Rodrigues, A., A model predicting transient responses of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (1996) Journal of Power Sources, 61, pp. 183-188; S. Gelfi, J. Pukrushpan, A.G. Dynamics and Control of Low and High Pressure Fuel Cells, Stefanopoulou, H. Peng, in IEEE, American Control Conference 2003Tin Wangl, Markus Reinhard’*Fang 2. Peng’.’, and Zhaoming Qian’ Design Guideline of the Isolated Dc-dc Converter in Green PowerApplications 3, On page(s): 1756- 1761 3Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2004. IPEMC 2004. The 4th InternationalAndrzej, M., Trzynadlowski, introduction to modern power electronics, , John wiley & sons,inc, ISBN 0-471-15303-6 1998
S Mekhilef, M E Ahmed, M A A Younis (2008)  Performance of grid connected photovoltaic inverter with maximum power point tracker and power factor control   In: IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, CCECE 2008 1129-1134  
Abstract: Detailed analysis, simulation and hardware results of grid connected inverter with maximum power point tracker and power factor control in Malaysian climate are presented. A six-switch topology inverter with symmetrical Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching technique is used. A low pass filter is incorporated in the circuit to filter out unwanted harmonics and produce a sinusoidal AC current. Low total harmonic current distortion at the inverter output can be achieved. The three-phase PWM switching pattern was developed using Xilinx FPGA. The developed system is also capable of adjusting the power factor to unity. A 3kVA power transformer with a 1:2 ratio is constructed to provide galvanic isolation for better circuit performance and circuit protection. Hardware results for proposed solar photovoltaic inverter configuration interconnected to the grid are also presented. From the experimental results it is confirmed that the harmonic distortion of the inverter output waveform is within the limits laid down by the utility companies.
Notes: Conference code: 73468 Cited By (since 1996): 4 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4564714 CODEN: CCCEF doi: 10.1109/CCECE.2008.4564714 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kula Lumpur, Malaysia References: Jain, S., Agarwal, V., A Single-Stage Grid Connected Inverter Topology for Solar PV Systems With Maximum Power Point Tracking (2007) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 22 (5), pp. 1928-1940. , Sept; Koizumi, H., Mizuno, T., Kaito, T., Noda, Y., Goshima, N., Kawasaki, M., Nagasaka, K., Kurokawa, K., A Novel Microcontroller for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (2006) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 53 (6), pp. 1889-1897. , Dec; Barbosa, P.G., Braga, H.A.C., Rodrigues, M.C.B., Teixeira, E.C., Boost current multilevel inverter and its application on single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems (2006) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21 (4), pp. 1116-1124. , July; Chen, Y., Smedley, K., Three-phase boost-type grid-connected inverters (2006) IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC ’06, 19-23, p. 7. , March; Wildenbeest, E.J., de Haan, S.W.H., van der Borg, N.C., Recent test results of 6 commercial inverters for grid connected PV systems (1994) IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1, pp. 909-912. , 5-9 Dec; ter Reide, F.J., Wanner, J., High-performance inverters for grid-connected PV applications (1994) IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1, pp. 913-916. , 5-9 Dec; Chen, Y.-M., Liu, Y.-C., Hung, S.-C., Cheng, C.-S., Multi-Input Inverter for Grid-Connected Hybrid PV/Wind Power System (2007) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 22 (3), pp. 1070-1077. , May; Meza, C., Negroni, J.J., Guinjoan, F., Biel, D., Inverter Configurations Comparative for Residential PV-Grid Connected Systems (2006) IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics, IECON, pp. 4361-4366. , Nov
T S Ustun, S Mekhilef (2008)  A quasi-resonant soft switching 48-pulse PWM inverter with closed loop current control for the realization of FACTS devices   In: 2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2008  
Abstract: This paper discusses a 48-pulse Hbridge PWM inverter which utilizes a quasiresonant topology that is comprised of a clamping circuit and a resonant circuit, in order to achieve soft switching. The use of a multi-pulse inverter increases the quality of the output whereas the implementation of soft switching technique increases the overall efficiency of the inverter by decreasing switching losses that reach considerable values with the abundant number of switches and a switching frequency of the order of KHz. Furthermore, in order to be able to respond load variations a feedback loop is constructed with a PI controller to realize closed loop current control. The overall system is characterized by a multi-pulse inverter the input voltage of which is not a pure DC but a waveform that occasionally reaches zero level with the help of a quasiresonant circuit at the source side, and which can keep its current output at a predetermined level by varying the PWM gating signal’s duty cycle with the help of a closed loop current control. This system is aimed to be a building block for FACTS devices such as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). The motivation of designing a more efficient and dynamic inverter with high power quality is to construct more efficient and effective FACTS devices.
Notes: Conference code: 76326 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4812971 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Ustun, T. S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: tahaselim@yahoo.com References: Habur, K., Leary, D.O., FACTS for Cost Effective and Reliable Transmission of Electrical Energy (2005) Reactive Power Compensation, , Power Transmission and Distribution Group of Siemens; Asare, P., Diez, T., Galli, A., O’Neill-Carillo, E., Robertson, J., Zhao, R., An Overview of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (1994) ECE Technical Reports PURDUE University; Hingorani, N., Gyugyi, L., (1999) Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, pp. 19-22. , IEEE Press; Smith Jr., K.M., Smedley, K.M., A Comparison Of Voltage-Mode Soft-Switching Methods for PWM Converters (1997) IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 12 (2), pp. 376-386. , March; Divan, D.M., The resonant dc link converter-A new concept in static power conversion (1989) IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat, 25 (2), pp. 317-325; Erinmez, I.A., Foss, A.M., (1998) Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), , Cigre, Working Group 14.19, September; Haro, P.Z., Ramirez, J.M., (2005) Static Synchronous Series Compensator Operation Based on 48-pulse VSC, pp. 103-104. , IEEE press; Hui, S.Y.R., Analysis of a Quasi- Resonant Circuit for Soft-Switched Inverters (1996) IEEE Transactions of Power Electronics, 11 (1), pp. 106-114. , January; Kazmierkowski, M.P., Malesani, L., Current Control Techniques for Three-Phase Voltage-Source PWM Converters: A Survey (1998) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 45 (5), pp. 691-703. , October; El-Moursi, M.S., Sharaf, A.M., Novel Controllers for the 48-Pulse VSC STATCOM and SSSC for Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Compensation (2005) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20 (4), pp. 1985-1997. , November
2007
K S Muhammad, A M Omar, S Mekhilef (2007)  Digital control of high DC voltage converter based on cockcroft walton voltage multiplier circuit   In: TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference  
Abstract: A new method of controlling high DC voltage based on Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier circuit by using digital controller is presented. The digital controller is developed using Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD). The proposed system utilizes a single-phase AC as an input supply. The power switching devices in the controlled bridge are controlled by the multiple-pulse Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching technique so as to minimize the low order harmonic present on the AC side of the converter system. A low pass filter is incorporated in the circuit to filter out unwanted harmonics and to give a sinusoidal AC current. A high frequency transformer with 1:1 ratio is incorporated in the design to provide galvanic isolation for better circuit performance and protection. The optimum operation of transformer core in four quadrant of B-H curve is also considered in the proposed converter topology. The laboratory model of the converter is developed and tested. The experimental result is compared with the simulation result.
Notes: Conference code: 69661 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4084880 CODEN: 85QXA doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2005.300885 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Yan Liu; Moschopoulos, G.; A single-stage AC-DC Forward Converter with Input Power Factor Correction and Reduced DC Bus Voltage, The 25th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, 19-23 Oct. 2003 pp. 132-139Chun-Feng Jin; Ninomiya, T.; Novel Soft-switched Single-stage AC-DC Converter with Sow Line-current Harmonics and Low Output-voltage Ripple, Power Electronics Specialists Conference 2001, 2, 17-21 June 2001, pp. 660 - 665Moschopoulos, G., Jain, P., Single-phase Single-stage Power-factor-corrected Converter Topologies (2005) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 52 (1), pp. 23-35. , Feb; Garcia, O., Cobos, J.A., Prieto, R., Alou, P., Uceda, J., Simple AC/DC converters to meet IEC 1000-3-2 (2000) Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1, pp. 487-493. , 6-10 Feb; Rossetto, L., Buso, S., Digitally-controlled single-phase single-stage AC/DC PWM converter (2003) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 18 (1), pp. 326-333. , Jan; Rahim, N.A., And Omar, A.M., Three-phase Single-Stage High-Voltage DC Converter (2002) IEE Proceedings Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 149 (5), pp. 505-509. , Sept; Wang, J., Dunford, W., Mauch, K., A Comparison Between Some Proposed Boost Topologies and Conventional Topologies In Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode (1996) Proceeding of 22 annual IEEE international Conference on Industrial Electronic, control and instrumentation (IECON), 3, pp. 1524-1529; Lopez, O., Garcia De Vicuna, L., Matas, J., Castilla, M., and Lopez, M.: A New Family of Single-Stage High Power-Factor AC/DC Converters, Proceeding of 31 st annual IEEE Power Electronic Specialist Conference. (PESC) 2000, 3, pp. 1445 - 1450UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249300482&partnerID=40&md5=dfa0ebe80560d6b940ab40a3e4fdecb0
N A Rahim, S Mekhilef, Z Islam (2007)  A new approach for harmonic compensation using single- Phase hybrid active power filter   In: TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference  
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for harmonic control, and its practical implementation for a single-phase hybrid active power filter. It is a combination of a series active power filter and a shunt passive filter. The shunt passive filter is connected in parallel with a load and suppresses the harmonic current produced by the load, whereas the active filter connected in series to a source acts as a harmonic isolator between the source and load. For active filter control, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) is developed and the modulation index is selected by calculating the DC bus voltage of the active filter. The PSpice®, Matlab/Simulink® and MAX PLUS II® softwares are used for simulation and hardware implementation. ALTERA® FLEX 10K controller and some peripheral circuits are used. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed active power filter topology is capable of compensating the load current and voltage harmonic up-to the limit specified by IEC.
Notes: Conference code: 69661 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4084881 CODEN: 85QXA doi: 10.1109/TENCON.2005.300886 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Fujita, H., hirofumi Akagi, A practical Approach to harmonic Compensation in Power Systems-Series connection of Passive and active Filters (1991) IEEE Transactions on industry applications, 27 (6), pp. 1020-1025. , November/December; Sing, B., Al-Haddad, K., Chandra, A., A Review of Active Filter for Power Quality Improvement (1999) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 46 (5), pp. 960-971. , October; Kim, S., Enjeti, P., A New Hybrid Active Power Filter (APF) Topology (2001) Applied power electronics conference and Exposition, 2001, APEC 2001, 2, pp. 835-841. , March; Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Yao, W., Liu, J., A Series Active Power Filter Adopting Hybrid Control Approach (2001) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 16 (3), pp. 301-310. , May; Jinjun Liu, Jun Yang and Zhaoan Wang A New Approach for Single-phase Harmonic Current Detecting and its Application in a Hybrid Active Power filter Industrial electronic Society, 1999, IECON’99 Proceedings. The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 2, December 1999, IECON’99, pp. 849-854Lin, B.R., Hou, Y.-L., Simplified Control Method For Single-Phase Multilevel active Rectifier With Current Harmonic Filtering Characteristics (2001) IEE Proc. Electric Power Applications, 148 (1), pp. 85-96. , January
M N A Kadir, S Mekhilef, W P Hew (2007)  Comparison of basic direct torque control designs for permanent magnet synchronous motor   In: 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS 2007 1344-1349  
Abstract: Basic PMSM-DTC drive controller consists of flux and torque hysteresis comparators and switching table. In the literature, three different designs have been reported. This paper investigates the three designs and compares their performance. The study aims to trace the reasons behind the recommendation of avoiding zero voltage states for PMSM-DTC reported in some studies. The system which avoids the zero states is compared with two systems include the zero states in their switching tables. The three systems are compared in their response time, switching losses, torque and flux ripples with three different input commands. The results as well as the theoretical discussion, show that the zero states should not be excluded from the switching table. The study concludes that the two level torque comparator, eight-state table design is suitable for two quadrant drives, while the three-level comparator, eight-state table is the most suitable for the four-quadrant drives.
Notes: Conference code: 73040 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4487879 CODEN: 85RTA doi: 10.1109/PEDS.2007.4487879 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Kadir, M. N. A.; Malaya University, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia References: Zhong, L., Rahman, M.F., Analysis of direct torque control in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives (1997) IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 12 (3), pp. 528-536. , Pages:, May; Zhong, L., Rahman, M.F., Hu, W.Y., Lim, K.W., A direct torque controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives (1999) IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, 14 (3), pp. 637-642. , Pages:, Sept; Rahman, M.F., Zhong, L., Voltage switching tables for DTC controlled interior permanent magnet motor (1999) IECON eds, pp. 1445-1451. , San lose, California, USA, pp, Nov. 29-Dec. 3; M. F. Zolghadri, E. M. Olasagasti, and D. Roye, Steady state torque correction of a direct torque controlled PM synchronous machine, Proceedings of IEEE International Electrical Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC’97, Wisconsin, USA, Pages: MC3/4.1-MC3/4.3, May 18-21, 1997Diamantis, G., Prousalidis, J.M., Simulation of ship propulsion system with DTC driving scheme (2004) PEMD 2004 Second International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (con, , Publication No. 498; Tang, L., Zhong, L., Rahman, M.F., Hu, Y., A novel direct torque controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drive with low ripple in flux and torque and fixed switching frequency (2004) IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, 19 (2), pp. 346-354. , March; Tang, L., Zhong, L., Rahman, M.F., Hu, Y., A novel direct torque control for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drive with low ripple m torque and flux-A speed-sensorless approach (2003) IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications, 39 (6), pp. 1748-1756. , November
M Tarek, S Mekhilef, N A Rahim (2007)  Application of adaptive notch filter for harmonics currents estimation   In: 8th International Power Engineering Conference, IPEC 2007 1236-1240  
Abstract: Power system signals are often contaminated with harmonics and noise. It is preferable to determine these harmonics for analysis, control and design of power system devices and protection. This paper presents an efficient technique for harmonics current estimation based on adaptive notch filter (ANF). The proposed filter structure is tested, simulated and implemented in a digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F2808. As an application, the proposed filter is used for controlling a hybrid active power filter (HAPF). The theoretical expectation are verified and demonstrated experimentally.
Notes: Conference code: 73164 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4510213 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Tarek, M. References: Longhua, M., Application of adaptive filtering in harmonic analysis and detection (2005) IEEE/PES Transmission and distribution Conference & Exhibition, Asia and Pacific Dalian, pp. 1-4. , China; Ozdernir, A., A digital adaptive filter for detecting harmonic, active and reactive current, Institute of physics Publishing, Meas (2004) Sci, pp. 1316-1322; Akagi, H., New trends in active filters for power conditioning (1998) IEEE Industry Applications magazine, 4, pp. 21-30. , Sept; Karimi-Ghartemani, M., Mojiri, M., bakhshai, A.R., A technique for extracting time-varying harmonics based on adaptive notch filter (2005) IEEE Conference on control applications, pp. 624-628. , Toronto, Canada; Katsumi Nishida, M.R., Nakaoka, M., A novel single-phase shunt active power filter with adaptive neural network based harmonic detection (2005) IEEJ Trans. LA, 125 (1), pp. 9-15; El Shatshat, R., Kazerani, M., salama, M.M.A., On-line tracking and mitigation of power system harmonics using ADALINE-based active power filter system (2004) Electrical and Compute Engineering, Canadian Conference, 4, pp. 2119-2124; Zhao, H.J., Pang, Y.F., Qiu, Z.M., Chen, M., Study on UPF harmonic current detection method based on DSP (2006) Conference Series, 48, pp. 1327-1331. , Institute of Physics Publishing, International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology; Mojiri, M., Bakhshai, A.R., An adaptive notch filter for frequency estimation of a periodic signal IEEE Transaction on Automatic Control, Feb2004, 49 (2), pp. 315-318; Sayed, A.H., Kailath, T., A state-space approach to RL adaptive filters, I (1994) EEE signal processing magazine, pp. 18-60. , July; Haykin, S., (1996) Adaptive fitter theory, , 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, N.J
2006
A H A Bakar, S Yusof, M Satchiananda, S Mekhilef (2006)  Load response towards voltage in TNB power system using the measurement approach   In: 1st International Power and Energy Conference, PECon 2006 318-323  
Abstract: This paper reports the load-voltage dependency using field measurements for a faulted condition that caused a momentary voltage sag in a Tenaga Nasional Berhad network in the Central Region. The static load model is used in this study and its suitability is discussed in comparison to the dynamic load model. A fast method of calculating real and reactive power based on available information is devised. Propagation of fault through transformers is also investigated. The effect of voltage on real and reactive power is discussed at great length. Various factors influence the load characteristic, including weather, time of day, network conditions and type of feeder load. Long-term steady state data should be made available for analysis to back up results from this study.
Notes: Conference code: 72409 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4154513 doi: 10.1109/PECON.2006.346669 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Bakar, A. H. A.; Maintenance, Transmission Division TNB References: Romero Navarro, I., (2005) Dynamic Power System Load: Estimation of Parameters from Operational Data, , Lund University, Sweden; Price, W.W., Wirgau, K.A., Murdoch, A., Mitsche, J.V., Vaahedi, E., El-Kady, M.A., Load Modeling for Power Flow and Transient Stability Computer Studies (1988) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 3 (1). , February; Taylor, C.W., (1994) Power System Voltage Stability, , EPRI, McGraw Hill Inc; Lin, C.-J., Chen, Y.-T., Chiou, C.-Y., Huang, C.-H., Chiang, H.-D., Wang, J.-C., Feikh-Ahmed, L., Dynamic Load Models in Power Systems Using the Measurement Approach (1993) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 8 (1). , February; Karlsson, D., Hill, D.J., Modeling and Identification of Nonlinear Dynamic Loads in Power Systems (1994) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 9 (1). , February; Dwyer, A., Nielsen, R.E., Stangl, J., Markushevich, N.S., Load to Voltage Dependency Tests at B.C. Hydro (1995) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 10 (2). , May; Hiskens, I.A., Milanovic, J.V., Load Modeling in Studies of Power System Damping (1995) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 10 (4). , November; B. Sawir, M.R. Ghani, A.A. Zin, A.H. Yatim, H. Shaibon, K.L. Lo, Voltage Sag: Malaysian’s Experience, IEEE, 1998Tomiyama, K., Ueoka, S., Takano, T., Iyoda, I., Matsuno, K., Tetrima, K., Paserba, J.J., Modeling of Load During and After System Faults Based on Actual Field Data IEEE Transactions on Power System; Kermendey, E., Villalobos, N., Schmieg, M., The Impact of Load Behaviour on Voltage Stability, an Application Case in ENELVEN/ VENEZUELA
Bakar, H A Ab, C H Lim, S Mekhilef (2006)  Investigation of transient performance of capacitor voltage transformer   In: 1st International Power and Energy Conference, PECon 2006 509-515  
Abstract: This paper reports the digital-time domain and frequency domain studies on a typical 132kV Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT) model. The transient studies are conducted using Alternative Transient Program (ATP-EMTP). Simulation results corresponding to the CVT transient response under both system fault and ferroresonance condition are reported in this paper. Transient studies are performed (1) to identify the CVT components that contribute to the transient response of CVT, (2) to determine system condition that affect the CVT transient response. A lightning simulation case study is also presented.
Notes: Conference code: 72409 Cited By (since 1996): 3 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4154549 doi: 10.1109/PECON.2006.346705 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Bakar, Ab. H. A.; Protection Department, Transmission Division TNB References: Iravani, M.R., Wang, X., Polishchuk, I., Ribeiro, J., Sarshar, A., Digital time-domain investigation of transient behaviour of capacitor voltage transformer (1998) IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 13 (2). , April; Hou, D., Roberts, J., Capacitive voltage Transformer - Transient overreach concerns and solution for distance relaying Proc. 22 nd Annu. Western Protective Relay Conf; Instrument Transformer - Part 5: Capacitor Voltage Transformer, IEC/PAS 60044-5UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-46249092766&partnerID=40&md5=3547d59dd790819199562b5b85f6ba29
S Mekhilef, A Masaoud (2006)  Xilinx FPGA based multilevel PWM single phase inverter   In: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 259-264  
Abstract: In this paper a XILINX FPGA based multilevel PWM single-phase inverter was constructed by adding a bidirectional switch to the conventional bridge topology. The inverter can produce three and five different output voltage levels across the load. XILINX FPGA is a programmable logic device developed by XILINX which is considered as an efficient hardware for rapid prototyping. It is used as a PWM generator to apply the appropriate signals to inverter switches. In addition to XILINX FPGA, Matlab/Simulink software was used for simulation and verification of the proposed circuit before implementation, Simulation and experimental results show that both are in close agreement.
Notes: Conference code: 73136 Cited By (since 1996): 4 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4237590 CODEN: 85RSA doi: 10.1109/ICIT.2006.372268 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Agelidis, V.G., Baker, D.M., Lawrance, W.B., Nayar, C.V., A Multilevel PWM Inverter Topology for Photovoltaic Applications (1997) IEEE.ISIE, pp. 589-594. , 97, GuimarÀes, Portugal, pp; Lai, J.S., Peng, F.Z., Multilevel converters -A new breed of power conversion (1996) IEEE Trans. 1nd. Applicat, 32, pp. 509-517. , May/June; Choi, N.S., Cho, J.H., Cho, G.H., A General circuit Topology of Multilevel Inverter (1991) IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 6, pp. 96-103; Cengelci, E., Sulistijo, S.U., Woom, B.O., Enjeti, P., Teodorescu, R., Blaabjerge, F., A new medium voltage PWM inverter topology for adjustable speed drives (1998) Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annu. Meeting, pp. 1416-1423. , St. Louis MO, pp, Oct; Mwinyiwiwa, B.N., Wolanski, Z., Ooi, B.T., Microp- rocessor implemented SPWM for multiconverters with phase-shifted triangle carriers (1997) Conf. Rec IEEE-IAS Annu. Meet- ing, pp. 1542-1549. , NewOrleans, pp, Oct; Mekhilef, S., Rahim, N.A., XILINX FPGA three-phase PWM inverter and its application for utility connected PV system (2002) Proc.IEEE.TENCO ’02, pp. 2079-2082; Introduction to WebPack 4.1 for CPLDs, XESS Corporation, 2001UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-51349167667&partnerID=40&md5=7644b11e8a4aa7e8f626c3aa17dbb6af
S Mekhilef, N A Rahim, H W Ping (2006)  Performance of maximum power point tracker in tropical climate   In: 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference 2006, PESC'06  
Abstract: The performance of maximum power point tracker in tropical climate has been presented in this paper. The maximum power point tracker output voltage and current are used for control purposes, rather than for its input voltage and current. It is shown that using the output parameters simplifies the maximum power point tracker controller. Moreover, using this approach, only one out of the two output parameters needs to be sensed. where the proposed system configuration consist of commonly used dc/dc converter, which is applied for the power conversion stage of the tracker, an Xillinx FPGA acting as the controller, a ADC, PV array and three phase inverter which is connected to the grid. Method of locating the maximum power point (MPP) is based on hill climbing technique. An MPPT using a step up converter is developed its performance is compared under different solar irradiance and ambient temperatures. It showed an improvement in the output power by 18% (average) over a wide range or solar irradiation in a day.
Notes: Conference code: 71922 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 1711906 CODEN: PRICD doi: 10.1109/PESC.2006.1711906 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; University of Malaya, Department of Electrical Engineering, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Tse, K.K., Ho, M.T., Chung, S.-H., Ron Hui, S.Y., A Comparative Study of Maximum-Power-Point Trackers for Photovoltaic Panels Using Switching-Frequency Modulation Scheme (2004) IEEE Trans. industrial eleotronios, 51 (2), pp. 41-418. , April; Foley, G., Photovoltaic applications in rural areas of the developing world World Bank, New York, Tech, , Paper, 1995; Applebaum, J., The quality of load matching in a direct-coupling photovoltaic system (1987) IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 2, pp. 534-541. , Dec; Braunstein, A., Zinger, Z., On the dynamic optimal coupling of a solar cell array to a load and storage batteries (1981) IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst, PAS-100, pp. 1183-1188. , Mar; Kislovski, A., Redi, R., Maximum-power-tracking using positive feedback (1994) Proc. IEEEPESC ’94, pp. 1065-1068; Wolf, S., Enslin, J., Economical, PV maximum power point tracking regulator with simplistic controller (1993) Proc. IEEE PESC ’93, pp. 581-587; Gow, J., Manning, C., Controller arrangement for boost converter systems sourced from solar photovoltaic arrays or other maximum power sources (2000) Proc. IEE-Elect Power Applicat, 147 (1), pp. 15-20. , Jan; Enslin, J., Wolf, M., Snyman, D., Swiegers, W., Integrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter (1997) IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 44, pp. 769-773. , Dec; Midya, P., Krein, P., Turnbull, R., Reppa, R., Kimball, J., Dynamic maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic applications (1996) Proc. IEEE PESC ’96, pp. 1710-1716; Lim, Y., Hamill, D., Simple maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic arrays (2000) Electron. Lett, 36 (11), pp. 997-999. , May
S Mekhilef, A M Omar, K S Muhammad (2006)  An improved topology of digitally-controlled single-phase single-stage high DC voltage converter   In: 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference 2006, PESC'06  
Abstract: This paper presents An improved topology of digitally-controlled single-phase single-stage high dc voltage converter where CPLD is used to develop the PWM switching pattern which will be discussed in detail. The proposed system utilizes a single-phase AC input supply. The power switching devices in the controlled bridge are controlled by the multiple-pulse Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching technique to minimize the low order harmonics present on the AC side of the converter. A low pass Alter is incorporated in the circuit to Alter out unwanted harmonics and provide a sinusoidal AC supply current. A high frequency transformer with 1:1 ratio is used in the design to provide galvanic isolation for better circuit performance and protection. The optimum operation of transformer core in four quadrant of B-H curve is also considered in the proposed converter topology. A laboratory prototype of the converter is developed and tested. Experimental results are compared with the simulation results to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Notes: Conference code: 71922 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 1711787 CODEN: PRICD doi: 10.1109/PESC.2006.1711787 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; University of Malaya, Department of Electrical Engineering, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Wang, J., Dunford, W., Mauch, K., A Comparison Between Some Proposed Boost Topologies and Conventional Topologies In Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode (1996) Proceeding of 22 nd annual IEEE international Conference on Industrial Electronic, control and instrumentation (IECON), 3, pp. 1524-1529; Lopez, O., Garcia De Vicuna, L., Matas, J., Castilla, M., and Lopez, M.: A New Family of Single-Stage High Power-Factor AC/DC Converters, Proceeding of 31 st annual IEEE Power Electronic Specialist Conference. (PESC) 2000, 3, pp. 1445-1450Lu, Z., Chen, H., Qian, Z., Green, T.C., An Improved Topology of Boost Converter with Ripple-Free Input Current (2000) Proceedings of 15 th annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1, pp. 528-532. , APEC; Iqbal, S., A three-phase Symmetrical Multistage Voltage Multiplier (2005) IEEE Power Electronics Letters, 3 (1), pp. 30-33. , March; Bellar, M.D., Watanabe, E.H., Mesquita, A.C., Analysis of the Dynamic and Steady-state performance of Cockcroft-Walton Cascade Rectifiers (1992) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 7 (3), pp. 526-534. , July; Wismer, M.G., Steady-state Operation of a High-voltage Multiresonant Converter in a High-Temperature Environment (2003) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 18 (3), pp. 740-748. , May; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth modulation for electronic power conversion (1994) Proceedings of the IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , Aug; The Programmable Logic Data Book, Xilinx Databook, 1998Moschopoulos, G., Jain, P., Single-phase Single-stage Power-factor-corrected Converter Topologies (2005) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 52 (1), pp. 23-35. , Feb; Garcia, O., Cobos, J.A., Prieto, R., Alou, P., Uceda, J., Simple AC/DC converters to meet IEC 1000-3-2 (2000) Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1, pp. 487-493. , 6-10 Feb, 1; Rossetto, L., Buso, S., Digitally-controlled single-phase single-stage AC/DC PWM converter (2003) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 18 (1), pp. 326-333. , Jan
M A A Younis, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2006)  Fuel cell model for three-phase inverter   In: 1st International Power and Energy Conference, PECon 2006 399-404  
Abstract: This paper presents a fuel cell model supplying three-phase dc/ac inverter. Simulink used as interactive tool to model the proposed fuel cell system. The fuel cell output voltage is proportional to the change of the air (oxidant) pressure, the hydrogen (fuel) pressure and the current withdrawn from the fuel cell. Three-phase dc/ac inverter used to supply the ac load. Symmetric Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation used to drive the three-phase inverter so that minimum harmonic distortion on the load side voltage and current. Simulation results provided to validate the design.
Notes: Conference code: 72409 Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 4154528 doi: 10.1109/PECON.2006.346684 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Younis, M. A. A.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Tenaga Nassional (UNITEN)Malaysia References: Wakefield, E.H., (1998) History of the Electric Automobile: Hybrid Electric Vehicle’s, , Warrendale, Pennsylvania: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc; Gore, W.L., Advanced Power Assemblies for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Portable Power Proceedings of PORTABLE FUEL CELLS (felix n. buechi, editor). European fuel cell forum, ch-5452 oberrohrdorf switzerland (june 1999), , & Associates; Cook, B., Introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology (2002) Engineering Science and Education Journal, 11 (6), pp. 205-216. , Dec, Pages; Mann, R.F., Amphlett, J.C., Hooper, M.A.I., Jensen, H.M., Peppley, B.A., Roberge, P.R., Development and application of a generalised steady-state electrochemical model for a PEM fuel cell (2000) Journal of Power Sources, 86, pp. 173-180; degrees of water flooding (2000) Journal of Power Sources, 86, pp. 181-196; Amphlett, J.C., Mann, R.F., Peppley, B.A., Roberge, P.R., Rodrigues, A., A model predicting transient responses of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (1996) Journal of Power Sources, 61, pp. 183-188; S. Gelfi, J. Pukrushpan, A.G. Dynamics and Control of Low and High Pressure Fuel Cells, Stefanopoulou, H. Peng, in IEEE, American Control Conference 2003Bakhshai, A.R. Joos, G. Jain, P.K., Hua Jin, Incorporating the overmodulation range in space vector pattern generators using a classification algorithm, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 15, Issue 1, Jan. 2000 Page(s):83-91 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/63.817366Keliang Zhou, Danwei Wang, Relationship between space-vector modulation and three-phase carrier-based PWM: a comprehensive analysis three-phase inverters, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 49, Issue 1, Feb. 2002 Page(s): 186-196 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/41.982262Kharrat, M.W., Loulou, M., Masmoudi, N., Kamoun, L., FPGA-based IC design for inverter with vector modulation technique, Microelectronics, 2001 (2001) ICM 2001 Proceedings. The 13th International Conference on 29-31, pp. 185-188. , Oct, Pages; Van der Broeck, H.W. Skudelny, H.C. and G.V. Stanke ,Analysis and realization of a pulsewidth modulator based on voltage space vectors, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appli., 1988, 24, pp. 142-150Zhang, R., Prasad, V.H., Boroyevich, D., Lee, F.C., Threedimensional space vector modulation for four-leg voltage-source converters (2002) IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 17, pp. 314-326; H.W. van der Broeck, H.-C. Skudelny, and G.V. Stanke, Analysis and realization of a pulsewidth modulator based on voltage space vectors, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 24, pp. 142-150, 1988. Books:Larminie, J., Dicks, A., (2000) Fuel Cell Systems Explained, , West Sussex, England, John Wiley & Sons Inc; Andrzej, M., Trzynadlowski, introduction to modern power electronics, , John wiley & sons,inc, ISBN 0-471-15303-6 1998
2005
K S Muhammad, A M Omar, S Mekhilef (2005)  Single-phase single-stage high DC voltage multiplier converter   In: 2005 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 2005 846-850  
Abstract: This paper proposed a single-phase single-stage high DC voltage Multiplier converter. The convertion of high DC voltage converter without a DC-link is involved. A high frequency transformer using ETD 59 ferrite core with ratio 1:1 is used as energy storage and also providing isolation. Cockcroft-Walton circuit is connected at secondary side of the transformer. AC input is controlled by IGBT switch which the current flow in both directions of the transformer to fully utilize the transformer core. The current flow is controlled by the IGBTs using PWM technique. Experimental and simulation results are provided to show the effectives of the proposed technique.
Notes: Conference code: 69287 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 1600753 CODEN: 85RSA doi: 10.1109/ICIT.2005.1600753 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Muhammad, K.S.; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia References: Rahim, N.A., And Omar, A.M., Three-phase Single-Stage High-Voltage DC Converter (2002) IEE Proceedings Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 149 (5), pp. 505-509. , Sept; Wang, J., Dunford, W., Mauch, K., A Comparison Between Some Proposed Boost Topologies and Conventional Topologies In Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode (1996) Proceeding of 22 nd annual IEEE international Conference on Industrial Electronic, control and instrumentation (IECON), 3, pp. 1524-1529; Lopez, O., Garcia De Vicuna, L., Matas, J., Castilla, M., and Lopez, M.: A New Family of Single-Stage High Power-Factor AC/DC Converters, Proceeding of 31 st annual IEEE Power Electronic Specialist Conference. (PESC) 2000, 3, pp. 1445-1450Lu, Z., Chen, H., Qian, Z., Green, T.C., An Improved Topology of Boost Converter with Ripple-Free Input Current (2000) Proceedings of 15 th annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1, pp. 528-532. , APEC; Iqbal, S., A three-phase Symmetrical Multistage Voltage Multiplier (2005) IEEE Power Electronics Letters, 3 (1), pp. 30-33. , March; Bellar, M.D., Watanabe, E.H., Mesquita, A.C., Analysis of the Dynamic and Steady-state performance of Cockcroft-Walton Cascade Rectifiers (1992) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 7 (3), pp. 526-534. , July; Wismer, M.G., Steady-state Operation of a High-voltage Multiresonant Converter in a High-Temperature Environment (2003) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 18 (3), pp. 740-748. , May; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth modulation for electronic power conversion (1994) Proceedings of the IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , Aug; The Programmable Logic Data Book, Xilinx Databook, 1998C.T.Baldwin M.A. M.I.E.E.’Fundamentals of Electrical Measurement’, Harrap, London, 1961Naidu, M.S., Kamaraju, V., (1995) High Voltage Engineering, , TAtA McGraw Hill, Second Edition
N A Rahim, S Mekhilef, I Zahrul (2005)  A single-phase active power filter for harmonic compensation   In: 2005 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 2005 1075-1079  
Abstract: This paper presents a single-phase active power filter for harmonic compensation which is consists of a series active power filter and a shunt passive filter. The active filter connected in series to a source acts as a harmonic isolator between the source and load whereas the shunt passive filter is connected in parallel with a load and suppresses the harmonic current produced by the load. The PSpice®, Matlab/Simulink® and MAX PLUS II® softwares are used for simulation and hardware implementation. From the simulation and experimental results it is confirmed that the filter topology is capable of compensating the load current and voltage harmonic distortion within the stipulated limits laid down by the international standard.
Notes: Conference code: 69287 Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 1600795 CODEN: 85RSA doi: 10.1109/ICIT.2005.1600795 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Rahim, N.A.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Hsu, C.Y., Wu, H.Y., new single-phase active power filter with reduced energy-storage capacity (1996) IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications, 143 (1), pp. 5-30. , Jan; Geng Wang; Yongdong Li; Xiaojie You; A novel control algorithm for cascade shunt active power filter Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 04. 2004 1, 20-25 June 2004 pp.771 - 775Kim, S., Enjeti, P., A New Hybrid Active Power Filter (APF) Topology (2001) Applied power electronics conference and Exposition, 2001, APEC 2001, 2, pp. 835-841. , March; Adil M-Zamil and D. A. Torrey. A Passive Series, Active Shunt Filter for High Power Applications IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, January 2001, 16(1), pp.101-109Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Yao, W., Liu, J., A Series Active Power Filter Adopting Hybrid Control Approach (2001) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 16 (3), pp. 301-310. , May; Jou, H.-L.; Wu, J.-C.; Chang, Y.-J.; Feng, Y.-T.; A Novel Active Power Filter for Harmonic Suppression IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 20, Issue 2, Part 2, April 2005, pp.1507-1513Rivas, D., Moran, L., Dixon, J., Espinoza, J., A simple control scheme for hybrid active power filter (2002) IEE Proceedings Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 149 (4), pp. 485-490. , July; WeiMinWu, Tong, L., Li, M., Qian, Z.M., Lu, Z., Peng, F.Z., A new control strategy for series type active power filter (2004) Power Electronics Specialists Conference. PESC 04, 4, pp. 3054-3059; Bhavaraju, V.B., Enjeti, P.N., Analysis and design of an active power filter for balancing unbalanced loads (1993) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 8 (4), pp. 640-647. , Oct
N A Rahim, S Mekhilef, I Zahrul (2005)  Design and implementation of single-phase hybrid active power filter controller   In: Sixth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS 2005 944-948  
Abstract: This paper presents a combination of a series active power filter and a shunt passive filter. The shunt passive filter is connected in parallel with a load and suppresses the harmonic current produced by the load, whereas the active filter connected in series to a source acts as a harmonic isolator between the source and load. For active filter control, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) is developed and the modulation index is selected by calculating the DC bus voltage of the active filter. The PSpice®, Matlab/Simulink® and MAX PLUS II® softwares are used for simulation and hardware implementation.
Notes: Conference code: 69272 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 1619823 CODEN: 85RTA Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Rahim, N.A.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: nasrudin@um.edu.my References: Adil M-Zamil and D. A. Torrey. A Passive Series, Active Shunt Filter for High Power Applications IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 16(1), pp.101-109 January 2001Fujita, H., hirofumi Akagi, A practical Approach to harmonic Compensation in Power Systems-Series connection of Passive and active Filters (1991) IEEE Transactions on industry applications, 27 (6), pp. 1020-1025. , November/December; Guozhu, C., Zhengyu, L., Zhaoming, Q., A Novel Hybrid Active Power Filter with Two Passive Channels for high Power Application Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC, 200, pp. 1889-1892. , 4, pp; Kim, S., Enjeti, P., A New Hybrid Active Power Filter (APF) Topology (2001) Applied power electronics conference and Exposition, 2001, APEC 2001, 2, pp. 835-841. , March; Hsu, C., Wu, H., A New Single-Phase Active Power Filter With Reduced Storage Capacitor (1995) Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC, pp. 202-208. , 1; Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Yao, W., Liu, J., A Series Active Power Filter Adopting Hybrid Control Approach (2001) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 16 (3), pp. 301-310. , May
2004
S Mekhilef, N A Rahim, A M Omar (2004)  Modelling of three-phase uniform symmetrical sampling digital PWM for power converter   In: 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC04 3499-3503  
Abstract: A mathematical approach of modelling and analysing three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) is presented. The three-phase flyback converter required a unique pattern of PWM to optimise the power transfer in the magnetic circuit used in the converter. The three-phase PWM is generated digitally based on uniform symmetrical sampling technique using Xilinx chip. The generated PWM pattern is able to reduce the low order of harmonic components present in the input AC supply. Although software simulation could simulate the PWM pattern, it does not represent the exact pattern as been generated digitally. The mathematical approach used is to model the PWM pattern exactly as been created digitally. The proposed mathematical technique could also be used to analyse any digital PWM. The result of the mathematical analysis on the PWM pattern could be used to study the characteristics of the pattern such as maximum and minimum value of duty cycle, pulse width, turn-on time, turn-off time and modulation index. To verify the validity of the proposed technique, the results obtained from the mathematical model, experimental and simulation using PSpice were compared.
Notes: Conference code: 63911 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: PRICD doi: 10.1109/PESC.2004.1355093 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Rahim, N.A., Green, T.C., Williams, B.W., PWM ASIC design for the three-phase bidirectional buck converter (1996) International Journal of Electronics, 81 (5), pp. 603-615; Makhlief, S., Rahim, N.A., Omar, A.M., Microprocessor implementation of three phase PWM switching strategies (1999) IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, PEDS’99, pp. 30-36. , July; Agelidis, V.G., Ziogas, P.D., Dead-band PWM switching patterns (1996) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 11 (4), pp. 522-531. , July; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth modulation for power electronic power conversion (1994) IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , Aug; Pressman, A.I., (1999) Switching Power Supply Design, , McGraw-Hill International; Mathcad User ’S Guide, Mathcad 6.0, , Matchcad PLUS 6.0 Sponsors: IEEE Power Electronics Society; IEEE Joint IAS/PELS/IES German Chapter
S Mekhilef, N A Rahim (2004)  Implementation of grid-connected photovoltaic system with power factor control and islanding detection   In: 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC04 1409-1412  
Abstract: An approach to power factor control and islanding detection of a grid connected photovoltaic system using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed. The proposed method has been tested through different situations, including the loss of the utility supply, and the deviation at the output of the inverter helps to detect islanding more effectively. Hardware design was constructed to validate the effectiveness of the approach proposed. Experimental results have been chosen to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Notes: Conference code: 63911 Cited By (since 1996): 4 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: PRICD doi: 10.1109/PESC.2004.1355629 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Mekhilef, S., Rahim, N.A., Generation of three-phase PWM inverter with power factor correction using field programmable gate array (FPGA) (2003) International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2 (1), pp. 123-136; Rahim, N.A., Green, T.C., Williams, B.W., PWM ASIC design for the three-phase bidirectional buck converter (1996) Int. J.Electronics, 81 (5), pp. 603-615; (1998) The Programmable Logic Data Book, , Xilinx Databook; Tzou, Y.-Y., Hsu, H.-J., FPGA based SVPWM control IC for PWM inverters (1997) IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, pp. 138-143. , April 10; Mekhilef, S., Rahim, N.A., Field programmable gate array based three-phase PWM inverter (2002) IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002, 3, pp. 1953-1958. , Asia Pacific October 6-10, Japan; Nonaka, S., Ishitaka, Y., A PWM current source type converter-inverter system for bi-directional power flow (1988) IEEE IAS Proceeding Annual Meeting, pp. 143-151; Retif, J.M., Allard, B., Jorda, X., Perez, A., Use of ASIC’s in PWM techniques for power converters (1993) IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 2, pp. 683-688; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth modulation for power electronic power conversion (1994) Proceedings of the IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , Aug Sponsors: IEEE Power Electronics Society; IEEE Joint IAS/PELS/IES German Chapter
2003
S Mekhilef, N A Rahim (2003)  FPGA based ASIC power-factor control for three-phase inverter   In: Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on Control Applications 594-597  
Abstract: In this paper, a new three-phase inverter power-factor correction PFC scheme is proposed using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology all the functions can be implemented in a single chip. The implementation tool fit the entered design into the target device (XC4008E). Design verification includes functional simulator, in circuit testing and timing simulation the main function is to verify the proper operation of the designed circuit. It will compile a design file into a configuration file that is optimized in terms of use of logic gates and interconnections for the target device. Power factor measures how effective electrical power is being used. A high power factor means that electrical power is being utilized effectively, while a low power factor indicates poor utilization of electrical power. The simplest way to improve power factor is to add power factor correction capacitors to your plant distribution system. In this paper a new technique is proposed to improve the power factor, experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Notes: Conference code: 61821 Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: ICOAE Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@um.edu.my References: Rahim, N.A., Green, T.C., Williams, B.W., PWM ASIC design for the three-phase bidirectional buck converter (1996) Int. J. Electronics, 81 (5), pp. 603-615; Vazquez, N., Aguilar, C., Arau, J., Caceres, R.O., Barbi, I., Gallegos, J.A., A novel uninterruptible power supply system with active power factor corrections (2002) Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 17 (3), pp. 405-412. , May; Lee, J.Y., Single-stage power factor correction converter with parallel power processing for wide line and load changes (2002) Electronics Letters, 38 (9), pp. 421-423. , 25 April; Shen, M., Qian, Z., A novel high-efficiency single-stage PFC converter with reduced voltage stress (2002) Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, 38 (2), pp. 507-513. , March-April; Reinert, J., Schroder, S., Power-factor correction for switched reluctance drives (2002) Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 49 (1), pp. 54-57. , Feb
2002
E L Chan, N A Rahim, S Mekhilef (2002)  DSP-based fuzzy logic controller for a battery charger   In: 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering Edited by:Y Boazong, T Xiaofang. 1512-1515  
Abstract: The DSP-based fuzzy logic controller for a battery charger has been investigated in this paper. The conventional battery charger experiences a highly distorted current harmonic waveform and low power factor. Thus, the proposed battery charger with a fuzzy logic controller to improve the line power quality and deliver maximum allowable output power to the battery. The fuzzy control algorithm is implemented with the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to optimize a fuzzy rule-based system to produce the desired output. The TMS320C5x DSP is employed to supply the pulse width modulation (PWM) waveforms and to perform the fuzzy control feedback. The PWM waveforms are required to generate gating signals for the converters. The DSP-based fuzzy controller in turn provides control over the PWM pattern. The fuzzy controller continuously monitors the state of battery and controls the PWM accordingly. This simple and reliable DSP-based fuzzy control provides an easier implementation and optimum performance for the battery charger.
Notes: Conference code: 61223 Cited By (since 1996): 3 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: 85QXA Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Chan, E.L.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: eelyn90@hotmail.com References: Hsieh, G.-C., Chen, L.-R., Huang, K.-S., Fuzzy-controlled Li-ion battery charge system with active state-of-charge controller (2001) Industrial Electronics IEEE Transactions, 48, pp. 585-593. , 3 June; Nelson, J.P., Bolin, W.D., Basics and advances in battery systems (1995) IAS 40th Annual Petroleum and Chemistry Industry Conference, 93, pp. 419-428. , St Louis; Yu, Q., Du, S.S., A practical and low cost PWM battery charger using fuzzy logic control for UPS application (1994) Energy Conference, INTELEC ’94, pp. 443-450; Bandara, D.C., Ivanov, R.M., Gishin, S., Fuzzy control of a universal battery charger (1999) 18th International Conference of North American, pp. 844-848. , Fuzzy Information Processing Society, NAFIPS; Mohan, N., Undulant, T.M., Robins, W.P., (1995) Power Electronics: Converter, Application and Design, , John Wiley Sponsors: IEEE Region 10
S Mekhilef, N A Rahim (2002)  Field programmable gate array based three-phase PWM inverter   In: IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002 : Asia Pacific 1953-1958  
Abstract: The three-phase Pulse Width Modulation PWM generation is the heart of the inverter system. Its main function is to control the switching sequence of the power devices according to per-loaded instruction. Using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology all the functions can be implemented in a single chip. The implementation tool fit the entered design into the target device (XC4008E). It will compile a design file into a configuration file that is optimized using logic gates and interconnections for the target device. Design verification includes functional simulator, circuit testing and timing simulation are the main functions to verify the proper operation of the designed circuit. Foundation series M1.S has been used in this work. This Xilinx development tools converts the design idea into a configuration data file, which could be loaded into Xilinx FPGA.
Notes: Conference code: 61226 Cited By (since 1996): 2 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Power Electronic Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@fk.um.edu.my References: Rahim, N.A., Green, T.C., Williams, B.W., PWM ASIC design for the three-phase bidirectional buck converter (1996) Int. J. Electronics, 81 (5), pp. 603-615; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth modulation for power electronic power conversion (1994) IEEE. Trans, Power Electronics, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , Aug; Agelidis, V.G., Ziogas, P.D., Dead-band" PWM switching patterns (1996) IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 11 (4), pp. 1235-1241. , July; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth modulation for power electronic power conversion (1994) IEEE Trans., 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , Aug; Makhlief, S., Rahim, N.A., Omar, A.M., Microprocessor implementation of three phase PWM switching strategies (1999) Proc. 1999 IEEE Power Electronics And Drive System Conf., pp. 161-166; Tzou, Y.-Y., Hsu, H.-J., FPGA based SVPWM control IC for PWM inverters (1997) IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 82 (8), pp. 989-993. , April; (1998) The Programmable Logic Data Book, , Xilinx® Data book Sponsors: IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Japan, abstract = The three-phase Pulse Width Modulation PWM generation is the heart of the inverter system. Its main function is to control the switching sequence of the power devices according to per-loaded instruction. Using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology all the functions can be implemented in a single chip. The implementation tool fit the entered design into the target device (XC4008E). It will compile a design file into a configuration file that is optimized using logic gates and interconnections for the target device. Design verification includes functional simulator, circuit testing and timing simulation are the main functions to verify the proper operation of the designed circuit. Foundation series M1.S has been used in this work. This Xilinx development tools converts the design idea into a configuration data file, which could be loaded into Xilinx FPGA., keywords = Control FPGA Inverter PWM Computer simulation Electric loads Field programmable gate arrays Logic gates Microprocessor chips Pulse width modulation Switching circuits Carrier waves Electric inverters,
S Mekhilef, N A Rahim (2002)  Xilinx FPGA based three-phase PWM inverter and its application for utility connected PV system   In: 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering Edited by:Y Boazong, T Xiaofang. 2079-2082  
Abstract: Analysis and practical implementation of the regular (symmetric, asymmetric) sampled three-phase PWM inverter waveform has been presented in this paper, which was digitally implemented on an Xilinx field programmable gate array FPGA. and the essential considerations involved in the feasibility of using a Xilinx XC4008E software-based to generate PWM. All the necessary Xilinx hardware/software techniques and programs required to implement and generate three-phase Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) are developed in detail, and demonstrated using practical results from an experimental Xilinx board. The techniques developed and presented in this paper are readily applicable to other currently available Xilinx chips.Simulation and hardware results of a new solar photovoltaic inverter configuration interconnected to the grid are presented. From the simulation and experimental results it is confirmed that the harmonic distortion of the output current waveform of the inverter fed to the grid is within the stipulated limits laid down by the utility companies.
Notes: Conference code: 61223 Cited By (since 1996): 8 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: 85QXA Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Department of Electrical Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: saad@fk.um.edu.my References: Rahim, N.A., Green, T.C., Williams, B.W., PWM ASIC design for the three-phase bidirectional buck converter (1996) Int. J. Electronics, 81 (5), pp. 603-615; Holtz, J., Pulsewidth modulation for power electronic power conversion (1994) Proceedings of the IEEE, 82 (8), pp. 1194-1214. , Aug; Agelidis, V.G., Ziogas, P.D., Dead-band PWM switching patterns (1996) IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, 11 (4), pp. 522-531. , July; Makhlief, S., Rahim, N.A., Omar, A.M., Microprocessor implementation of three phase PWM switching strategies (1999) IEEE 1999 International Conference On Power Electronics And Drive System, PEDS’99, pp. 161-166. , Hong Kong; Tzou, Y.-Y., Hsu, H.-J., FPGA realization of space-vector PWM control IC for three-phase PWM inverters (1997) IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, 12 (6), pp. 953-963. , Nov; Tzou, Y., Hsu, H., Kuo, T., FPGA-based SVPWM control IC for 3-phase PWM inverters (1996) Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, 1996., Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE IECON 22nd International Conference on, 1, pp. 138-143; Bowes, S.R., Midoun, A., Microprocessor implementation of new optimal PWM switching strategies (1988) Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings, 135, pp. 269-28. , Sept; Retif, J.M., Allard, B., Jorda, X., Perez, A., Use of ASIC’s In PWM techniques for power converters (1993) Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation. Proceedings of the IECON ’93, International Conference On, 2, pp. 683-688; (1998) The Programmable Logic Data Book, , Xilinx® Data book Sponsors: IEEE Region 10
2000
Mekhilef, Saad, N A Rahim, Z A Karim (2000)  Analysis of different type of PWM for three phase power converter   In: 2000 TENCON Proceedings  
Abstract: An analysis of the three-phase PWM power convener is presented. The simulation techniques which is an interfacing of the high level programming C++ and PSpice simulation packages in generating the switching pulses for the power converter is discussed. Three different type of PWM; sinusoidal PWM, triplen harmonics PWM and third harmonic injection PWM are generated from a micro-controller for testing the effectiveness of the circuit.
Notes: Conference code: 57941 Cited By (since 1996): 1 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: 85QXA Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, Saad; Univ of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sponsors: IEEE
Mekhilef, Saad, N A Rahim, A M Omar (2000)  New solar energy conversion scheme implemented using grid-tied single phase inverter   In: 2000 TENCON Proceedings  
Abstract: A new utility-connected photovoltaic inverter is presented in this paper. Simulation and implementation of the new solar energy conversion scheme has been demonstrated. The solar energy conversion unit consists of an array of solar panels, DC-DC converter single-phase inverter, and ac mains power source. The inverter converts DC power generated by the photovoltaic cells into AC power, and provides it to the load connected to the utility line, when the photovoltaic power is greater than the load; the excess power is fed to the utility line through a reverse power flow. With this new approach we can reduce the use of the power from the grid and even make a contribution to the mains supply. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design.
Notes: Conference code: 57943 Cited By (since 1996): 9 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus CODEN: 85QXA Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, Saad; Univ of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sponsors: IEEE
S Mekhilef, M Hassani, A Mehbodniya, H Tebianian  Design and implementation of a level detector   In: International Conference for Technical Postgraduates 2009, TECHPOS 2009  
Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a level detector. Silometer is an electromechanical level detector which can measure the level in silos, tanks, bunkers and any kind of containers, depending on the sensing weight and strain force. The Silometer is mostly applicable in dusty, harsh and coarse environments, but it is also useful to be employed in other environments such as in liquid and so on.
Notes: Conference code: 79876 Export Date: 16 November 2012 Source: Scopus Art. No.: 5412077 doi: 10.1109/TECHPOS.2009.5412077 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Mekhilef, S.; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of MalayaMalaysia References: Webster, J.G., The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook; Scott, D.M., Industrial Process Sensors; Practical Instrumentation for Automation and Process Control, , IDC Technology; (2003), ÎŒPSD321X, Data sheet, ST Ltd(2006), RS-485 and RS-232 Physical Topologies, Sipex(2006) B&B Electronics Manufacturing Company, , RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note; (2000), Stepper Motor System Basics, AMS CompanyBeyon, J.Y., (2001) LabVIEW Programming, Data Acquisition and Analysis, , Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR; Wells, L.K., Jeffrey, T., (1996) LabVIEW for Everyone: Graphical Programming Made even Easier, , Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR; Bishop, R.H., (2001) LabVIEW Student Edition 6i, , Upper Saddle River: NJ: Prentice Hall PTR
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