Tarek Sadraoui

Abstract: D�une manière générale un processus change des entrants, par exemple des matières premières, en sortants. Les sortants peuvent être des produits physiques ou des services. Le produit obtenu, physique ou non, présente des caractéristiques dont certaines sont importantes pour le client ou l�utilisateur. Cette modification peut être différente selon le réglage de différents paramètres réglables du processus ou selon le niveau d�autres facteurs qui peuvent être subis. Maîtriser un processus, c�est être capable de prévoir les caractéristiques du produit étant donné le niveau de l�ensemble des paramètres influents du processus. De même, être capable d�ajuster les paramètres réglables du processus en fonction du niveau des facteurs influents subis pour que les caractéristiques du produit soient conformes aux attentes. La Maîtrise Statistique de Processus est aussi dénommée Statistical Process Control (SPC) en anglais est l�ensemble des méthodes et des actions permettant d�évaluer de façon statistique les performances d�un processus de production, et de décider de le régler, si nécessaire, pour maintenir les caractéristiques des produits stables et conformes aux spécifications retenues. La méthode MSP ne vise pas à mettre sous contrôle l'ensemble des caractéristiques d'un produit. Seules les spécifications critiques pour le client final seront surveillées. Dans ce but l'analyse de la valeur, et l'analyse fonctionnelle qui auront été faîtes au préalable permettront d'identifier ces caractéristiques. Si les causalités sont clairement établies, il sera préférable d'agir sur les paramètres du processus plutôt que sur sa résultante sur le produit. On préférera les liens de causalité entre paramètre de processus et caractéristique du produit pourront être établis à l'aide : du diagramme causes-effet, de la méthode des 5 pourquoi, d'une étude de corrélation et à l'aide de plans d'expériences. Parmi les facteurs agissant sur les caractéristiques du produit, que ces facteurs soient subis ou non, certains ont une influence très importante, d�autres moyenne, d�autres encore très faible. Comme lorsque l�on définit un produit, on admet une variabilité des caractéristiques du produit (intervalle de tolérance), on admet que certains facteurs peu influents sur les caractéristiques du produit ne soient pas identifiés et engendrent, du fait de leur fluctuation inconnue, une variabilité des caractéristiques des produits, dès lors que les caractéristiques du produit restent largement acceptables. Cet ouvrage de référence couvre l'ensemble du domaine de la Gestion Statistique de la Qualité. Il est défilé de plusieurs exemples tirés de l'expérience industrielle et universitaire des auteurs et de leurs directions de plusieurs travaux de recherche et de projet de fin d�études. Il permet différents niveaux de lecture afin de satisfaire un large public. Le lecteur stagiaire trouvera de quoi se familiariser avec l'univers de la Maîtrise Statistique des Processus et de se préparer très efficacement pour les premières applications qu'il aura à mener dans sa vie professionnelle. En effet, il trouvera les éléments lui permettant de mettre en �uvre de façon efficace la Maîtrise Statistique des Processus en milieu industriel. Les premiers chapitres insistent sur les concepts essentiels et outils statistiques de base nécessaire pour la Maîtrise Statistique des Processus tels que les statistiques descriptives, statistiques inductives. Les chapitres suivants couvrent de manière très complète tous les aspects de l'application de la Maîtrise Statistique des Processus en entreprise notamment les calculs des capabilités des moyens de contrôle, les calculs des cartes de contrôle, la conduite des études de capabilité, le pilotage des procédés par carte de contrôle, le suivi des caractéristiques non mesurables et les cartes EWMA et CUSUM. Cet ouvrage ne se contente pas d'aborder les cas classiques d'application de la Maîtrise Statistique des Processus mais aborde plusieurs cas particuliers d'application dans le cas des petites séries. Enfin, un chapitre aborde l�efficacité des cartes de contrôle. Cet ouvrage s'adresse : aux professionnels cadres et techniciens de tous les secteurs industriels qui souhaitent acquérir ou approfondir des connaissances en matière de Gestion Statistique de la Qualité, aux enseignants et des universités pour la préparation de leur enseignement, aux étudiants des filières à caractère industriel. Nous espérons que la présente publication soit d�un grand intérêt pour les lecteurs et contribuera au développement de la littérature en langue française relative au contrôle statistique de la qualité et à la gestion industrielle.

Abstract: This study proposes a new analysis and practice of six sigma methodology to define measure, analyze, innovate and control (DMAIC). Six Sigma is a well-known concept who means the perfection: a process of production to Three Sigma makes 3.4 defaults/million unit, whereas Six Sigma means for us the perfection. We used it now to mean the type of specialised training aiming at the attack of very high objectives for processes improvement. The method Six Sigma is a method of continuous improvement and elimination of non-quality, passing by six stages or cycle DMAIC: to define, measure, analyse, innovate and control carried out by a team of project. In this paper we propose a new practice of Six Sigma for reduction and optimisation of non-conformity for Aluminium Company.

Abstract: In this paper we investigate the causal relationship between R&D cooperation and economic growth. We use an innovative econometric method which is based on a panel test of the Granger non causality hypothesis. We implement various tests with a sample of 32 industrial and developing countries over the 1970-2008 periods. The results provide support for a robust causality relationship from economic growth to the R&D cooperation. On the contrary, the non causality hypothesis from R&D cooperation to economic growth can not be rejected in most of the cases. However, these results only imply that, if such a relationship exists, it can not be easily identified in a simply bi-variate Granger causality test.

Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between private and public investment in R&D, while taking into account the effect of several instruments policies such as subsidies and taxes. We design a new look of knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation to explain the contribution of public and private R&D on growth. We propose a heterogeneous dynamic panel data model to consider the effect as well as endogenous. We also distinguish between the estimated long run and short run results. Our results based on a sample of 23 countries over the period 1992-2009 indicate that both public and private investment in R&D are complement. By establishing an endogenous growth model, the estimates indicate that public and private R&D depend on the host country�s human capital investment and that FDI is a more significant spillover channel than imports.

Abstract: Abstract: In this paper, we consider R&D cooperation and direct foreign investment as a channel of international spillovers by an empirical literature on innovation and growth. First, spillovers are limited to the country where R&D is conducted; the growth rate in each country will be determined by the country�s own R&D-efforts and by R&D cooperation ignored a long time in growth literature. Second, spillovers take place across borders, and growth rates will tend to converge across countries. Two potential channels for R&D spillovers are examined: localisation of FDI and R&D cooperation. In examining these issues, panel data for six Mediterranean countries will be used over the period 1970 to 2008

Abstract: In this article, we test the presence of financial contagion during the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007. For this purpose, we propose a new procedure for testing the non-linearity of the mechanisms of the shock distribution estimated through a model of long-term interdependence. We apply this methodology to the stock markets. Our empirical study shows the contamination of France, Germany, the UK and Japan.

Abstract: Six Sigma is a well-known concept who means the perfection: A process of production to three sigma makes 3.4 defaults/million unit, whereas six sigma means for us the perfection. We used it now to mean type of specialized training aiming at the attack of very high objectives for processes improvement. Six Sigma is a method of continuous improvement and elimination of non quality, passing by six stages or cycle DMAIC: To define, Measure, Analyze, Innovate and Control carried out by a team of project. In This paper we propose a new practice of Six Sigma for reduction of the number of conformities and minimization of the number of complaints customers for KITAMEUBLE industry.

Abstract: In this paper, we consider R&D cooperation and direct foreign investment as a channel of international spillovers by an empirical literature on innovation and growth. First, spillovers are limited to the country where R&D is conducted; the growth rate in each country will be determined by the country�s own R&D-efforts and by R&D cooperation ignored a long time in growth literature. Second, spillovers take place across borders, and growth rates will tend to converge across countries. Two potential channels for R&D spillovers are examined: localisation of FDI and R&D cooperation. In examining these issues, panel data for six Mediterranean countries will be used over the period 1970 to 2004.

Abstract: The supply chain concept has become a concern due to global competition and increasing customer demand for value because the Companies try to improve their industrial performance in terms of cost, delays, adaptability, variety and traceability. Thus, the information must be available in real time across the supply chain and this can not be achieved without an integrated software system for supply chain management. Supply chain members have to collaborate, sharing information for improving customers satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to present what is the impact of the information system in performance of SCM in which a framework is based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) combined with a forecasting module was presented, so, this article is dealing with studying the relationship between information system and supply chain management (SCM) optimization. For this objective, we develop a new model based in model predictive control when is nowadays recognized as a standard methodology for the control of industrial and process systems. A complete supply chain management framework that is based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Time Series Forecasting. In addition, this article attempts to clearly describe the relation between the supply chain management and information system. The proposed framework will be determinate the efficiency of the method and the impact of forecast accuracy on overall control performance of the supply chain.

Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between private and public investment in R and D, while taking into account the effect of several instruments policies such as subsidies and taxes. We design a new look of knowledge spillovers and R and D cooperation to explain the contribution of public and private R and D on growth. We propose a heterogeneous dynamic panel data model to consider the effect as well as endogenous. We also distinguish between the estimated long run and short run results. Our results based on a sample of 23 countries over the period 1992 - 2009 indicate that both private and private investment in R and D are complement. By establishing an endogenous growth model, the estimates indicate that public and private R and D depend on the host country�s human capital investment and that FDI is a more significant spillover channel than imports.

Abstract: Six Sigma is a continuous method of improvement and non-quality elimination, passing by six stages or cycle DMAIC. To define, Measure, Analyze, Innovate and Control, carried out by a project team. Our paper is dealing with "Six Sigma: Reduction and optimization of water consumption" in industrial Tunisian company. Our first aim is to solving the problem of lose quantity of water by a new look of Six Sigma application. Results of our evaluation indicate that this method improves our process and achieve our goal by carrying out results satisfactory and effective with a financial profit of 62000 DT.

Abstract: In this paper, we estimate the dynamic relationship between cooperation in R&D and economic growth. We will try to bring some theoretical literature on the relations of technological cooperation in to cooperation emergence as a new approach of economic coordination. Our empirical study recently bases on various estimation methods developed within dynamic panel framework for a sample of 23 countries over 1992-2004. We used Ggeneralized Moment Method, causality tests and unit root applied to panel data. Results suggest a positive and significant relation between R&D cooperation and economic growth for all countries sample.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to test the presence of the phenomenon of contagion during the financial crisis of the "subprime". From then on, we applied an analysis of correlation as well as of an estimation of a model of an asymmetric error correction (ECM) to measure the contagion between the markets of the G7. The G7 indicates the seven developed countries (the United States, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy). We apply this methodology for the stock markets of these seven countries. Our results show that most of the developed countries were affected by the phenomenon of the contagion.

Abstract: In this paper, we evaluate the impact of corporate governance for the growth of knowledge. We use a new approach for studying corporate governance to differentiate between firm-level and country-level, thus contributing to a current debate in the literature about whether governance attributes are largely determined by country factors or firm characteristics. In our paper we examined in a panel data structure for a sample of countries relationship between governance and technological development. We differentiate between minimally accepted governance attributes that are satisfied by all firms in a given country and governance attributes that are adopted at the firm level. We consider that governance for the growth of knowledge is a combination of mechanisms in which selected mechanisms of different kind play a central role, in particular high and free mobility of resources diffused, shared property rights and team knowledge production. Our results indicate that a crucial prerequisite for sustainable governance of emerging technologies is reliable information about the network of agents that are involved in or affected by technological innovation and diffusion.

Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between private and public investment in R&D, while taking into account the effect of several instruments policies such as subsidies and taxes. We design a new look of knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation to explain the contribution of public and private R&D on growth. We propose a heterogeneous dynamic panel data model to consider the endogenous effect of R&D investment. We also distinguish between the estimated long and short run results. Our results based on a sample of 23 countries over the period 1992-2004 indicate that both public and private investments in R&D are complementary. By establishing an endogenous growth model, the estimates indicate that public and private R&D depends on the host country's human capital investment. Results indicate that foreign direct investment is a more significant spillover channel than imports.

Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between private and public investment in R&D, while taking into account the effect of several instruments policies such as subsidies and taxes. We design a new look of knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation to explain the contribution of public and private R&D on growth. We propose a heterogeneous dynamic panel data model to consider the endogenous effect of R&D investment. We also distinguish between the estimated long and short run results. Our results based on a sample of 23 countries over the period 1992-2004 indicate that both public and private investments in R&D are complementary. By establishing an endogenous growth model, the estimates indicate that public and private R&D depends on the host country�s human capital investment. Results indicate that foreign direct investment is a more significant spillover channel than imports.

Abstract: Dans ce papier, on se propose d�étudier la relation entre la coopération en R&D et la croissance économique. Nous essayerons d�apporter quelques éclairages théoriques sur les relations de coopération technologique en s�intéressant à l�émergence de la coopération entant que nouveau mode de coordination des activités économiques. Notre étude empirique se base sur différentes méthodes d�estimations développées récemment dans le cadre des panels dynamiques pour un échantillon de 23 pays sur la période 1992-2004. Nous utiliserons la méthode des GMM d�Arellano et Bond (1992), les tests de causalité et de racine unitaire appliqués sur donnée de panel. Les conclusions totales suggèrent une relation positive et significative.

Abstract: Dans ce papier, on se propose d�étudier la relation entre la coopération en R&D et la croissance économique. Nous essayerons d�apporter quelques éclairages théoriques sur les relations de coopération technologique en s�intéressant à l�émergence de la coopération entant que nouveau mode de coordination des activités économiques. Notre étude empirique se base sur différentes méthodes d�estimations développées récemment dans le cadre des panels dynamiques pour un échantillon de 23 pays sur la période 1992-2004. Nous utiliserons la méthode des GMM d�Arellano et Bond (1992), les tests de causalité et de racine unitaire appliqués sur donnée de panel. Les conclusions totales suggèrent une relation positive et significative.

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the relationship between private and public investment in R&D. Various models proposed in the literature to take account for several instruments policies as: (subsidies, taxes�) are estimated to verify if private and public R&D spending are complement or substitute. Our empirical study is based on a dynamic panel model for a sample of (23) countries over the period 1992-2004. This research is dealing with the relationship between private and public investment in R&D. Results based on the GMM method of Arellano and Bond (1991) and the tests of causality and unit root applied to the panel data show a positive and significant relation between private and public R&D.

Abstract: In our master thesis,we investigate the relationship between private and public investment in R&D. Various models proposed in the literature to take account for several instruments policies as: (subsidies, taxes�) are estimated to verify if private and public R&D spending are complement or substitute. Our empirical study is based on a dynamic panel model for a sample of (23) countries over the period 1992-2004. This research is dealing with the relationship between private and public investment in R&D. Results based on the GMM method of Arellano and Bond (1991) and the tests of causality and unit root applied to the panel data show a positive and significant relation between private and public R&D.

Abstract: Cet article traite des propriétés et des points de faiblesses de l'évaluation statistique des micros crédit. Particulièrement l'objet du papier et d'analyser l'impact des micros crédits sur le secteur artisanat en Tunisie (région de Gafsa). Cette étude régionale porte sur un échantillon de 244 individus. Même si l'évaluation statistique n'est pas destinée à remplacer les groupes de responsabilité conjointe ou le jugement subjectif des agents de crédit, sa capacité de prédire facilite l'évaluation des risques des candidats de microcrédit. Cet article énumère ce que l'évaluation statistique peut faire et ne peut pas faire dans la microfinance et donne les grandes lignes des étapes principales d'un projet d'évaluation statistique.

Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to study the relation between cooperation in R&D and economic growth. Our objective is to show the fundamental role of technological cooperation�s as a factor determining of growth? The objective of thesis is: on the one hand, to show that R&D cooperation is a factor determining in growth process. In addition, we preserve the idea according to which technological cooperation relations make it possible to mitigate the failures and to find market rates. We showed that cooperation can be regarded as spillovers vector, on contrary approaches which consider spillovers, like market failures. We approve a new approach entitled "Learning by Cooperation in R&D" or the training by cooperation in research and development like a new key determinant of endogenous growth to tackle incentives problem of R&D by considering R&D activity only under approach of result perfectly codifiable and diffusable.