Abstract: This paper presents the technical and economical feasibility of a wind farm. The method is applied to a potential wind farm site located in Caldas da Rainha, Portugal. The site is considered on technical and economical parameters for the complete plant and its running costs. For technical consideration wind speed, prevailing wind direction, and temperature measurements are performed by using RETScreen Climate Database and Retscreen Product Database. The economic and financial evaluation of the wind farm is made by the software RETScreen® International Clean Energy Project Analysis and the indicators calculated are WACC, NPV, IRR, SPB, DPB, TLCC, BCR, LCOE, RR and UPAC. The sensitivity analysis backs up the findings through the scenarios developed (Current, S1, S2 and S3).
Abstract: Commercial wind turbines have developed incrementally in size over the past 30 years, so that the largest wind turbine by the end of 2005 had a nominal output of 5 MW and a rotor diameter of 124 m, and a single blade can weight 18 t. The question arises what is the maximum size of the turbine can be, considering the relationship between material/cost. In terms of the factors limiting the conceptual design of wind turbines include: static and fatigue strength; rotor mass in general (which has implications for the massive tower, the structure of the tower and foundations); stiffness of the blades (necessary to ensure clearance between the blade tip and the wind tower), transportability of the blade and tower
Abstract: This paper presents the cost effectiveness indicators or methods for economic cost analysis applied to wind energy projects. It discusses about Levelezed Cost of Energy (LCOE), Total Life-Cycle Cost (TLCC), Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Electricity Generation Cost (LEGC) and Unitary Present Average Cost (UPAC). For each indicator studied is pointed out its bottlenecks about the application in evaluation and management of wind energy projects directly. However, it is important to consider the purpose and scope of a particular analysis at the outset because this will prescribe the course to follow. The perspective of the analysis is important, often dictating the approach to be used. Also, the ultimate use of the results of an analysis will influence the level of detail undertaken
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of economic metrics for wind energy projects. The attractiveness of the proposed wind energy can vary considerably between evaluation of the private and public sector. The financing structure is very important influencing factor for the attractiveness of wind energy project. In many cases, the economic activities practiced by economic agents of financing the project in order to earn sufficient income to meet the investors‘ needs and other economic agents involved. They are also characterized the assessment indicators and economic-financial management of projects implemented renewable energy exclusively for onshore wind energy systems. All indicators presented should be used in economic engineering analysis to meet specific information needs for decision making in situations of investment opportunity for renewable energy projects.
Abstract: This paper makes a review and systematize methods and techniques of economic evaluation applied to renewable energy projects, specific to wind energy projects. Both project and cost methodologies of economic evaluation are reviewed for a model optimization construction for a proposed optimization model with its objective function most appropriated. It is necessary to engage in different approaches, but complementary, microeconomic project evaluation methods and optimization methods applied to engineering solutions in wind energy converter systems. Optimization model for economic evaluation of wind farms can be as an efficient planning and resource management, which is the key to the success of an energy project. Wind energy is one of the most potent alternative energy resources; however the economics of wind energy is not yet universally favorable to place wind at a competitive platform with coal and natural gas (fossil fuels). Economic evaluation models of wind projects developed would allow investors to better plan their projects, as well as provide valuable insight into the areas that require further development to improve the overall economics of wind energy projects.
Abstract: This paper presents the relationship among energy, economy and society. It discusses about the development of societies and energy; energy and structure of societies. It also characterized the environmental impacts from the use of energy sources derived from fossil and renewable resources. Human evolution is closely linked to energy, since the beginning of time man has to know it and seeking it ever more on the environment. He began to enjoy and benefit from its potential fossil and renewable resources. It is discussed the environmental impacts from energy production and utilization, contribution to greenhouse gases and other pollutants emissions. The use of more efficient technologies, along with the application of sustainable energy policies has contributed to a general reduction in the intensity of CO2 emissions by energy production and consumption.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the economic and financial assessments for renewable energy projects, especially wind energy. The objective of an economic feasibility analysis is to provide the information needed to make a judgment or a decision. The most complete analysis of an investment in a technology or a project requires the analysis of each year of the life of the investment, taking into account relevant direct costs, indirect and overhead costs, taxes, and returns on investment. However, it is important to consider the purpose and scope of a particular analysis at the outset because this will prescribe the course to follow. The perspective of the analysis is important, often dictating the approach to be used. Also, the ultimate use of the results of an analysis will influence the level of detail undertaken. The decision-making criteria of the potential investor must also be considered.
Abstract: In the current electric world sector, the decisions of investment of certain project should be based on economical-financial viability, as a support tool for system planning; establishment priorities on management; or, even more, in determination of profitabilities to each one of participants concerning structure of project financing; and conception of a private consortium for independent producer electric power. This dissertation are carried out total costs simulations of producing electricity through case study of onshore wind park hypothetical 40 MWe located in Caldas da Rainha. The economic and financial analysis considers investment costs, operations and maintenance, fuel (not applicable in this case) and other costs over the lifetime of the wind park (in years). The study analyzed the results calculated for scenarios (Present, C1, C2 and C3) and sensitivity analysis. There are still some values of the indicators for assessing economic and financial management and their costs for energy projects. The indicators of attractiveness and risks were analyzed WACC, SPB, DPB, NPV, IRR, BCR and RR. Analyses were also conducted of production cost per MWh. Among the indicators of cost analysis in energy projects were calculated LCOE, TLCC, NPC, LEGC and UPAC. Thus, the contribution of this dissertation is to examine the main methods of assessment and management for onshore wind energy projects and their costs to realize the type of information provided to the manager and/or investor of a renewable energy project to ensure better decision.
