Abstract: The isozyme analysis was conducted for nine enzyme systems and seven of them showed significant activities providing typical banding patterns. Four enzyme systems, NADH dehydrogenase, peroxidase, α-esterase and aspartate amino transferase showed considerable and very useful variation among 13 Dianthus caryophyllus cultivars. Allele frequency in the present set of cultivars ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 and at polymorphic loci only two alleles could be identified. Polymorphism in the selected 13 cultivars was found to be 13.8 percent. A dendrogram showed grouping of cultivars in two clusters on the basis of genetic distance values and there were three sub-clusters.
Abstract: Hippophae salicifolia D. Don is a dioecious plant species in which female plant genotypes are commercially preferred over the male genotypes. The fruit berries have rich medicinal and nutraceutical properties due to large amount of vitamins, essential oils, proteins, fatty acids, free amino acids and flavanoids present. Primary limitation for breeding Hippophae salicifolia is its dioecious nature, as gender cannot be identified by traditional methods. Therefore, some reliable and quick methods need to be developed. The isozyme analysis was conducted for ten enzyme system viz. alcohol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phosphorylase, aspartate amino transferase, α-esterase, β-esterase and acid phosphatase. Three enzyme systems viz., malate dehydrogenase, catalase and peroxidase showed considerable and very useful variation among the staminate and pistillate genotypes of Hippophae salicifolia. The staminate and pistillate genotypes could be distinguished with the help of sex specific isozyme markers, thereby indicating the immense potential of isozymes in gender identification in Hippophae salicifolia.
Abstract: In many dioecious plants, gender affects economic value, breeding schemes and opportunities for commercial harvests. Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a dioecious plant species in which female genotypes are commercially preferred over male genotypes. Its berries have rich medicinal, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties because of their large amounts of vitamins, essential oils, proteins, fatty acids, free amino acids and flavanoids. Primary limitation for breeding H. rhamnoides L. is its dioecious nature, since gender cannot be identified by traditional methods. Therefore, some reliable and quick methods need to be developed. This communication deals with the development of isozyme and RAPD markers for early sex identification in this dioecious tree. The isozyme analysis was conducted with four enzyme systems, viz. peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and catalase. The peroxidase enzyme system produced a female specific sex marker, which successfully differentiated between the staminate and pistillate genotypes of H. rhamnoides L. Thirty five random decamer primers were used in our study and one male sex linked marker was identified. OPD-20 (5′-ACTTCGCCAC-3′) displayed a band at 911 bp that expressed polymorphism between male and female genotypes. The staminate and pistillate genotypes could be distinguished using RAPD marker OPD-20911. These results revealed the immense potential of peroxidase isozyme patterns and RAPD as genetic markers for sex identification in H. rhamnoides L.
Abstract: Lily symptomless carlavirus (LSV), the most common lily infecting virus around the world, contains 6 open reading frames (ORFs) in its genome, of which ORF5 representing coat protein (CP) is the most variable region and is used here to deduce phylogeny of the virus. CP gene of one of the LSV isolates present in the region, LSV isolate-Oh (Accession no. AJ748277) was taken as test sequence.Multiple sequence alignment of test sequence with ClustalW showed nucleotide and amino acid homology of up to 17-98% and 1-98%, respectively with other 78 carlaviral sequences from India and abroad. One conserved nucleotide motif of carlaviruses, AATAAA (Polyadenylation signal motif) was searched for, in the multiple sequence alignments but it was not found in any of the LSV isolates under study. Further, phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences by DNADIST method of Neighbor-joining algorithm placed test LSV isolate most closely to its native LSV isolates from India and, LSV isolates Yunnan and Lanzou, from China. It could be interpreted that in Lily symptomless carlavirus at nucleotide level, evolution is taking place at a faster pace. Also, this virus shared its most recent common ancestry (MRCA), both with its native LSV isolates from India and as well as
with LSV isolates from China, probably, indicating its origin from either of the countries. This study provides important clues about spread of the virus and to the best of our knowledge it is the fi rst detailed study of LSV coat protein gene performed at nucleotide level.
